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In the past three decades, the Chinese news media has experienced great leaps from a propaganda machine to market-oriented industry. Although the state has managed to strengthen the information control, heterogeneity in journalistic value orientations has constructed different media discourses. This thesis discusses the diversity within different news organizations in China, and the influence of state-media dynamics on the quality and role of journalism. Previous literature in the area of media-power relations fQ us on the general landscape of Chinese media shaped by the three forces: the state, the market and the professionalism while neglecting individual cases which contribute for the complexity of the intertwined mechanisms. Supported by the sociological theory of news production and concepts from international relations, this study uses a micro approach to examine the process of international news making in two newspapers. The arguments in this study are based on in-depth interviews with 25 journalists, participant observation, and textual analyses of news reports on Libya Crisis. This study has three major findings. Firstly, the intricate power relations of social forces within China's social context produces much space, as well as obstacles, for the professional practice of journalism. The liberal newspapers keep challenging the state and pushing the boundary of media autonomy while the party organs still serve for maintaining CCP's legitimacy but package the "old wine" in a new way. Secondly, the old Chinese ideology dominated by official communism has been broken up by the emergence of neo-conservatism, old and new-leftism, liberalism and other intellectual discourses which influence the government's decision-making on domestic and international issues. Accordingly, international news reports in newspapers with various interests are manifestations of the divides. Thirdly, the different value preference of newspapers decides the media behaviors. Some choose to speak for the party and help maintain existing social order, while some others serve for public interests. Although both of them practice self-censorship, the former enjoy commercial benefits from seeking refuge from the authority and the latter promote social development by using tactics in news reports. The discrepancy creates space for diversified discourses that added to the complexity of power structures in Chinese media.

Ce travail de thèse a pour objet de rendre compte des dynamiques qui présidèrent à la naissance de la poésie japonaise de l'après-guerre dans laquelle le groupe de l'école Arechi occupe une place majeure. Née de l'épreuve de la défaite, la poésie d'Arechi entretient des liens étroits avec l'« expérience de la guerre » qui se situe dans la période historique des quinze années de conflit de 1931 à 1945. Une démarche de type archéologique a été choisie pour expliquer la genèse de la poésie d'Arechi. Dans un premier temps est présentée dans ses grandes lignes la poétique du groupe, à travers la question du modernisme japonais et des excès de formalisme contre lesquels les poètes d'Arechi ont réagi pour ramener la poésie du côté de l'existence et redonner au langage poétique une chair et un sang. Dans un second temps sont analysées les évolutions qui affectèrent non seulement le modernisme mais aussi la plus grande partie de la poésie moderne à la fin des années trente, lorsqu’ont lieu les conversions plus ou moins contraintes des poètes à l'idéologie de la guerre nationaliste. Analyser les modalités de ces conversions a permis de mettre en lumière les raisons qui conduisirent les poètes d'Arechi à affronter la question de la responsabilité de la guerre dès les premières heures de la défaite. Ce travail tente ainsi de dégager les caractéristiques de la poésie d'Arechi au sein de l'histoire de la poésie moderne japonaise, mais aussi de situer cette forme de poésie au sein des inquiétudes qui travaillent toutes les formes de poésie contemporaine après la Seconde Guerre Mondiale, l'expérience du désastre et la défiguration du langage poétique. / This dissertation focuses on the dynamics that preside the emergence of Japanese Post-War poetry in which Arechi group school exercised a major role. Propelled by the event of the defeat, the Arechi poetry is closely related to the "experience of the war," over the historical period of the conflict that lasted fifteen years (1931 - 1945). An archaeological approach has been adopted in order to account the genesis of Arechi poetry. Firstly, the group’s poetic lines are outlined by presenting the issues of Japanese Modernism and its excessive formalism against which the Arechi poets reacted in order to bring poetry back to life and to instil flesh and blood into the poetic language. Secondly, the developments that affected not only Modernism, but also most part of Modern poetry in the late Thirties are explored, period in which poets were more or less voluntarily compelled to convert to the ideology of the nationalist war. The analysis of the modalities of these conversions has permitted to shed new light to the reasons that led the Arechi poets to confront the concern of the responsibility of the war at the aftermath of the defeat. Therefore, this study attempts not only to identify and depict Arechi poetry’s characteristics in the history of Modern Japanese poetry but also, to situate this form of poetry within the turmoil which inhabit all forms of Contemporary poetry after World War II, the experience of disaster and de-figuration of the poetic language.

by Chan Wai Yin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-171). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / List of tables --- p.viii / List of abbreviations --- p.ix / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / The Research Case --- p.2 / The Puzzle --- p.4 / Methodology --- p.6 / Outline of the Thesis --- p.8 / Chapter 2 --- Intergenerational Non-investment-inducing Public Goods and the State --- p.11 / National and Cultural pride as an Intergenerational Non-investment- inducing Public Good --- p.11 / The Nature of the State --- p.19 / Good State --- p.20 / """Neutral"" State" --- p.22 / Bad State --- p.24 / Chapter 3 --- China as an Entrepreneurial State --- p.33 / State Administration in China --- p.33 / Central-local Fiscal Relations from a Historical Perspective --- p.41 / Fragmented State Perspective --- p.45 / Entrepreneurial State Perspective --- p.47 / Public Choice's Critiques --- p.58 / China as an Entrepreneurial State: Revised --- p.66 / Chapter 4 --- Archaeological Protection in China --- p.68 / Archaeological Protection in Democratic Countries --- p.68 / National Laws and Regulations of Archaeological Protection in China --- p.75 / Difficulties Encountered in Archaeological Protection --- p.87 / Chapter 5 --- Preservation of the Relics of the Nanyue Kingdom in Guangzhou --- p.94 / The City of Guangzhou --- p.94 / Regulations on the Protection of the Cultural Relics in the Guangdong Province and Guangzhou --- p.96 / Archaeological Protection in Guangzhou --- p.99 / The Preservation of the Royal Relics of the Nanyue Kingdom --- p.101 / Chapter 6 --- The Political Logic of Preserving Cultural Legacy --- p.118 / Identifying the Individual Actor: Mayors of Guangzhou --- p.119 / Chinese Officials as a Political Actor --- p.121 / Establishing a Modern Civil Service --- p.122 / A Performance-based Civil Service --- p.126 / The Political Logic of Preservation of Cultural Legacy in Guangzhou --- p.133 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.146 / The Provision of Intergenerational Non-investment-inducing Public Goods --- p.146 / Public Choice Theory and the Entrepreneurial State Perspective --- p.148 / Reflections on the Study of Chinese Politics --- p.158 / Limitations of the Study --- p.161 / Bibliography --- p.165

by Ng Tat-ming Simon. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-109). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / Chapter / Chapter 1. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Economic Reform and Social Change / Law and Economic Reform / The Case of Urban Land Management in Shenzhen / The Research Problem and Its Significance / The Scope of Research / Limitations and Difficulties / Arrangement of Chapters / Chapter 2. --- THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF LAND LAWS AND PRACTICES： A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PRE-REFORM AND REFORM ERA --- p.22 / The State Ownership System / "Laws and Policies in Pre-reform China, 1949-1978" / The Post-1978 Reform and Urban Land Use / Concluding Remarks / Chapter 3. --- THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAND MANAGEMENT LAWS IN THE REFORM ERA: THE CASE OF SHENZHEN SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONE --- p.45 / "Land Laws and the Development of Shenzhen SEZ, 1982 -1987" / Infra-structural Development of Land and Disguised Land Market / Adjusting to the New Socio-economic Situation: Development in Shenzhen SEZ since1987of Land Management Laws / The SEZ Land Management Regulations1988 and Beyond / Chapter 4. --- CONCLUSION AND ITS IMPLICATIONS --- p.81 / Reversal of Socialism: Implications of the Shenzhen' Exper ience / Withering Idea of Land Management and Proliferation of Networks of Legal Relationships upon Urban Land / The Influence of Hong Kong / Jurisprudential Implications of Shenzhen's Experience / Conclusion / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.94 / APPENDIX I --- p.104 / APPENDIX II --- p.110

by So Chin-hung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-132). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iv / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.viii / Chapter CHAPTER I --- The PROBLEM --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Review of Population Mobility Research in China --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Population Mobility --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Urbanisation and Economic Development --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3 --- Secondary Sources of Population Mobility Data --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- Research Aims and Propositions --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5 --- Statement of Research Problems --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6 --- The Concept of Population Mobility --- p.13 / Chapter 1.7 --- Background to Rural-Urban Migration in China --- p.15 / Chapter 1.7.1 --- Rural-Urban Migration Controls --- p.15 / Chapter 1.7.2 --- Rural-Urban Migration Since 1979 --- p.18 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.23 / Chapter 2.1 --- Theoretical Background --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- Field Research Design and Sampling --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- The Site --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Questionnaire --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- The Sample --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- The Sampling Methods --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3 --- Fieldwork in Shunde City --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Pilot Study --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Field Research in Shunde --- p.36 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- The PEARL RIVER DELTA AND SHUNDE CITY --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1 --- The Pearl River Delta --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2 --- Shunde City --- p.47 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- The DECISION TO MOVE --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Characteristics of Migrants --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Age and Sex --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Marital Status and Number of Children --- p.54 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Education Level Attained --- p.57 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- Place of Origin --- p.58 / Chapter 4.1.6 --- Dialects Used in Place of Origin --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1.7 --- Length of Residence in Shunde --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2 --- Perceived Life in Village and City --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Life in the Village --- p.62 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages of Life in the City --- p.65 / Chapter 4.3 --- Reasons for Migration --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Stated Reasons for Leaving the Village --- p.68 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Stated Reasons for Moving to Shunde --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4 --- The Decision Making --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Person Making the Decision to Move --- p.72 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Decision to Move to Shunde --- p.74 / Chapter 4.5 --- Information of Opportunities --- p.75 / Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.77 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- The MIGRANTS IN THE CITY --- p.79 / Chapter 5.1 --- Adjustment to the Urban Environment --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2 --- Experiences in Shunde --- p.87 / Chapter 5.3 --- Urban-Rural Linkage --- p.90 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Urban-Rural Visits --- p.91 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Remittance --- p.95 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Permanent Residence --- p.97 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusion --- p.98 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.100 / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary of Findings --- p.101 / Chapter 6.2 --- Policy Implications --- p.105 / Chapter 6.3 --- Suggestions for Further Research --- p.106 / APPENDIX --- p.108 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.112

本文主要探讨苏州话的连续变调，研究范围限定为音译词和复合词这两类多音节词。通过对苏州话语料的详细考察，本文总结出苏州话多音节词连读变调存在三层变调行为：（i）首音节尽量保留原调;（ii）第二个音节的变调与首音节的单字调有关;（iii）其余音节负载一个低平调. / 本文针对舒声调为首音节的多音节词的变调规律，回答了如下问题：（i）苏州话连续变调为何存在三层变调行为，而非两层或者四层？（ii）首音节保持原调的变调行为及它较高的负载声调的能力是由什么决定的？（iii）其余音节所负载的变调是如何决定的？ / 经过分析，我们将苏州话的变调域确认为韵律词，其内部结构如下：每个韵律词的头两个音节构成一个左重双拍音步，剩余的音节不构成音步因而直接被韵律词所管辖。由此苏州话的三层变调行为可以通过这三类音节在韵律词中的不同地位来解释，即：（i）首音节是左重双拍步中的强音节; （ii）第二个音节是左重双拍步中的弱音节; （iii）其余音节因不属于音步而被韵律词直接管辖。 / 基于对苏州话韵律结构的分析，本文以优选论为框架从理论上统一解释苏州话的连续变调。首先忠实性制约条件“禁止删除强音节单字调和“禁止强音节单字调变化 解释了首音节尽量保留原调的变调行为。其次，“禁止复杂仄调“，“禁止升调“和“禁止弱音节负载仄调这些简约性制约条件解释了现今苏州话连读变调模式中不允许出现复杂仄调，升调和非首音节仄调的现象。再次，“尾音节连接低调解释了连读变调后韵律词尾音节所负载的低平调。 / 本文通过对音译词和复合词的分类考察，补充了前人对苏州话连读变调现象的描述。而且在以往理论研究的基础上，本文论证了苏州话的连读变调是由它的韵律结构所决定的，由此补足了苏州话变调现象的理论解释。最后，本文对苏州话的分析也进一步印证了韵律结构的层级关系和韵律单位是人类语言所共有的，但韵律单位的构建在不同语言中则各有不同。 / This thesis presents an optimality-theoretic account of Suzhou tone sandhi from a prosodic perspective. By investigating transliterations and compounds, we find a three-way distinction of tone sandhi behavior within a tone sandhi domain: (i) the initial syllable has the ability to retain its citation tone; (ii) the second syllable carries a sandhi level tone related to the citation tone in the initial syllable; and (iii) the remaining syllables carry a low level tone. / Focusing on the tone sandhi patterns with initial long tones, we answer the following research questions: (i) what determines the existence of a three-way distinction of tone sandhi behavior, rather than a two-way or four-way one? (ii) what determines the tone stability and the greater tone-bearing ability of the initial syllable? and (iii) how are the sandhi tones in the non-initial syllables determined? / The tone sandhi domain in Suzhou Chinese is identified as the prosodic word, which contains a single left-headed binary foot and unfooted syllables. The three-way distinction is then captured by the three prosodic states in a prosodic word: (i) the strong syllable in the left-headed binary foot within the prosodic word, (ii) the weak syllable in this foot, and (iii) the syllables which are unfooted and immediately dominated by the prosodic word. / Based on the analysis of Suzhou prosodic structure, our account of Suzhou tone sandhi is formulated within the framework of Optimality Theory. First, ranking the positional faithfulness constraints with reference to strong syllables higher than the context-free faithfulness constraints guarantees the tone stability of the initial syllables. Second, the undominated markedness constraints which require no complex contour tone and no rising tone trigger contour tone reduction and tone redistribution. Another undominated markedness constraint which requires no contour tone in weak syllables ensures no contour tones in a weak syllable, i.e. a non-initial syllable in Suzhou Chinese. Third, the final low level tone in the sandhi patterns is determined by the markedness constraint which requires low tone assignment in the rightmost syllable of a prosodic word. / This thesis complements the descriptive studies on Suzhou tone sandhi, by adding the data of transliterations and investigating compounds according to the morphological relations. It also confirms the idea in previous theoretical studies on Chinese languages that prosodic structure governs tone sandhi, including the tone stability in strong syllables and the greater tone-bearing ability of strong syllables. This thesis further corroborates the idea in Prosodic Phonology that the prosodic hierarchy and its constituent are universal, though the precise shape of the constituent are language-specific. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Shi, Xinyuan. / "November 2012." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.I / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- OVERVIEW --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- PRELIMINARY: PHONETIC INVENTORIES OF SUZHOU CHINESE --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK: OPTIMALITY THEORY --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Basic principles --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Conflicts between markedness and faithfulness --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Alignment constraints --- p.9 / Chapter 1.4 --- ORGANIZATION --- p.10 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- INVESTIGATION OF TONE SANDHI PATTERNS IN SUZHOU CHINESE --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES ON TONAL PHONOLOGY OF SUZHOU CHINESE --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Citation tones --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Tone sandhi --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Interim summary --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- TONE SANDHI PATTERNS IN SUZHOU CHINESE: THE CURRENT INVESTIGATION . --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Tone sandhi patterns in transliterations --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Tone sandhi patterns beginning with long tones --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Tone sandhi patterns beginning with short tones --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Tone sandhi patterns in compounds --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Tone sandhi patterns in compounds I: modification --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Tone sandhi patterns in compounds II: coordination --- p.38 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Tone sandhi patterns in compounds III: other morphological relations --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Intra-variations in disyllabic compounds: [HL.L]~[HL.H] --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Inter-speaker variations in compounds: [LL.H]~[LH.H] --- p.44 / Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Tone sandhi in a group of frequently used compounds --- p.46 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Tone sandhi in fast tempo --- p.50 / Chapter 2.3 --- SUMMARY --- p.53 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- PREVIOUS STUDIES OF TONE SANDHI IN CHINESE LANGUAGES --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1 --- STUDIES OF THE REPRESENTATION OF TONE WITHIN THE SPE FRAMEWORK --- p.57 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Wang’s (1967) ground-breaking proposal of tone features --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Woo’s (1969) proposal of decomposing contour tones --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Yip’s (1980) proposal of two pitch heights in each register --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Interim summary --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2 --- STUDIES OF TONE SANDHI IN NORTHERN WU WITHIN THE METRICAL-AUTOSEGMENTAL FRAMEWORK --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Duanmu’s (1990) moraic analysis of tone re-association in New Shanghai --- p.65 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Ao’s (1993) identification of tone sandhi domain in Nantong Chinese --- p.66 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Interim summary --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3 --- STUDIES OF TONAL DISTRIBUTION WITHIN OT FRAMEWORK --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Jiang-King’s (1996) tone-syllable weight correlation in Northern Min --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Zhang’s (2001) tone-duration correlation in typological survey --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Interim summary --- p.74 / Chapter 3.4 --- SUMMARY --- p.76 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- AN OPTIMALITY THEORETICAL ACCOUNT OF TONE SANDHI IN SUZHOU CHINESE --- p.77 / Chapter 4.1 --- IDENTIFYING THE TONE SANDHI DOMAIN --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Identifying prosodic word as the tone sandhi domain --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1.1.1 --- Brief introduction of the prosodic hierarchy --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1.1.2 --- Prosodic categories relevant to Suzhou tone sandhi --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1.1.3 --- Construction of prosodic word in Suzhou Chinese --- p.82 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Identifying morpho-syntactic unit as the tone sandhi domain --- p.86 / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Inadequacy of identifying morphological unit as the tone sandhi domain --- p.89 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- The relation between tone sandhi domains and morphological units --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Mismatch between tone sandhi domain and syntactic unit --- p.93 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Interim summary --- p.95 / Chapter 4.2 --- CONSTRAINTS ON SUZHOU TONE SANDHI PATTERNS --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Constraints on the structure of the prosodic word --- p.96 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Constraints on tone retention --- p.99 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Constraints on contour tone prohibition --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Constraint on tonal assignment --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3 --- PREDICTING TONE SANDHI PATTERNS BY CONSTRAINT RANKING --- p.104 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Predicting tone sandhi patterns in transliterations --- p.104 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Predicting tone sandhi patterns in compounds --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Intra-speaker variations in compounds: [HL.L]~[HL.H] --- p.110 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Inter-speaker variations in compounds: [LL.H]~[LH.L] --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3.2.4 --- Tone sandhi in fast speech tempo --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4 --- SUMMARY --- p.119 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CONCLUSION --- p.120 / LIST OF REFERENCES --- p.125

自上世紀90年代以來，中國城市空間伴隨經濟的高速增長不斷擴展，迄今為止已經產生了五個巨型城市，高居世界榜首。遺憾的是，中國傳統城市規劃面對高速增長帶來的城市問題和挑戰捉襟見肘。當前的成果著重基於遙感資料的城市外延式空間拓展研究，而對傳統內城的內延式空間增長缺乏考察，而傳統內城恰恰是聚集經濟和城市問題高度集中的地區。外延式拓展往往是內城聚集經濟外溢的結果，故很大程度上是內城空間強度和密度溢出的外在表現。本人通過大量文獻回顧發現，當前中國城市規劃領域在兩個方面的實證研究幾乎是空白：其一是客觀定量考察內城空間增長現象及其機制，其二是科學評估法定規劃在引導城市增長過程中的空間績效。本文力圖通過廣州實證研究，從空間經濟交互的角度實現上述研究空白領域的突破。 / 該研究充分挖掘現行城市土地和建設管理資料、勘測地圖和社會經濟統計的空間-經濟資訊並建立海量資料庫，採用GIS 技術和GWR 空間統計方法，對廣州內城垂直空間強度和水準空間密度的增長進行了定量觀察，科學分析了增長現象背後的空間經濟機制，並籍此對廣州城市規劃管理單元控制導則進行了客觀評估。觀察發現，聚集經濟力量始終支配著空間強度和密度的梯級分佈。地方政府土地供應成為刺激空間強度增長的中堅力量，而地方政府財政支援是空間密度增長的核心動力。同時，空間強度的形成對經濟全球化水準顯示出明顯依賴。分析表明，城市規劃干預雖然對空間增長起到明顯作用，但廣州內城的增長規模遠遠超出了規劃預期，規劃自由裁量權成為規劃適應實際增長需求的關鍵手段，由此可見，實際空間強度和密度的增長並不是規劃控制的成果，而是政府與市場博弈的結果。研究認為，城市中心持續聚集並逐漸溢出蔓延有其必然規律，增長雖然無法有效遏制，但可以通過合理的增長管理實現有效的空間組織，其中城市邊緣地區是增長管理的關鍵。值得注意的是，任何一種管理手段都有正面和負面的影響，有效的增長管理必須基於客觀的空間經濟增長機制，並需建立長效的規劃監控和動態管理機制，而定期的現象觀察和空間規劃績效評估應成為核心內容。 / 該研究強調本國立場，通過設定科學度量方法和建立海量資料庫，對內城空間強度和密度的增長進行了精細觀察和量化分析，並在此基礎上實現了空間規劃績效的客觀評估和科學判斷。這是在我國城市規劃領域的首次嘗試和突破，以期幫助城市規劃和管理者更深入的理解城市增長客觀現象和規律，為中國傳統城市規劃的理念更新和方法創新提供有價值的參考和借鑒，並期待由此引發該領域更深入的思考和探討。 / Urban economic growth has hastened urban spatial expansion since the 1990s in China, and five megacities such as Guangzhou emerged by 2011. The evidence indicates that this growth shows few signs of stopping in the foreseeable future. The ontology and epistemology of Chinese-style urban planning are unfortunately overstretched in terms of the challenges resulting from rapid growth. Urban growth studies have focused on the present achievements of spatial expansion to non-urban areas based on remote sensing data while ignoring the maturely urbanized areas emphasized by urban planning. However, both agglomeration economies and serious urban problems are centralized within the downtown area. Urban sprawl to the non-urban area is a physical consequence of agglomeration economy spillover, and is hence a consequence of spatial intensification and densification spillover. Two kinds of studies have been nearly absent in the realm of Chinese urban planning. The first comprises objective observations on spatial intensification and densification growth patterns and mechanisms in urbanized area. The second comprises reviews and evaluations of planning performance in the urban growth process at the day-to-day administrative level based on objective observations and real-world quantitative evidence. Both types of studies draw forth the objectives of this research. / With an emphasis on the national and local contexts, this dissertation analyzes the spatio-economic mechanisms of urban growth and planning performances in the rapidly growing Guangzhou megacity of the PRD. It is the first exploration targeted at a maturely urbanized inner-city to use a combination of urban construction administration documents, survey maps, socioeconomic statistics, GIS and GWR to observe the spatio-economic mechanisms of urban growth in the vertical and horizontal dimensions for the frantic growth years between 2000 and 2010. Defining the sub-district as a spatial analysis unit, it is also the first study to use massive amounts of digital data to evaluate spatial planning performance at the Zoning level, which is the statutory platform of day-to-day planning administration. This study observed a substantial variety of spatio-economic mechanisms in terms of both vertical and horizontal urban growth across the space. Agglomeration economies dominated the gradient distribution of urban growth no matter what kinds of interventions were imposed according to the planning. Whereas the horizontal growth exhibited significant dependence on government budgetary expenditure, the vertical growth was mainly driven by land supply and greatly dependent on the economic globalization level. The spatial performances of Zoning were effective at protecting historical/ecological interests and guiding the direction of spatial expansion in the city fringe. However, it performed poorly in terms of old town evacuation and new town development. It is surprising that the administration uses planning discretion to shape growth based on a Zoning that has proved impossible to achieve in reality. This study reveals that the traditional Chinese-style planning systems risk urban growth in sustainable development. / This dissertation sheds light on the objective observation and investigation of urban growth mechanisms and planning performances. Its findings could help us better understand urban behavior and make inferences on how socioeconomic processes influence urban growth in different dimensions, which in turn could have considerable effects on planning implementation and spatial performance. Its research achievements could aid in the scientific goal-setting, planning formulation and implementation for better growth management in China’s cities. In particular, this dissertation is expected to trigger cross-disciplinary studies on urban behavior and quantitative planning evaluations based on objective observations. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Huang, Zhen. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 193-203). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Chapter CHAPTER I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- International Perspective of China's Megacities --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- National and Local Context of Guangzhou --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Urban Growth in Guangzhou --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Urban Planning of Guangzhou --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objectives and Questions --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Research Objectives and Subject --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Research Questions and Hypotheses --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3 --- Research Framework and Dissertation Structure --- p.15 / Chapter CHAPTER II --- Literature Review --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Urban Planning Paradigm and Methodology --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Planning Paradigm shifts with Urban Growth --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Planning Theories Dealing with Urban Growth --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Planning Methodology based on the Socioeconomic Context --- p.20 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Chinese-style Urban Planning --- p.23 / Chapter 2.2 --- Detecting and Understanding Urban Growth --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Detecting Urban Growth --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Growth Pattern Identification --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Exploring the Driving Force of Urban Growth --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Planning Review and Evaluation for Managing Urban Growth --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- International Experiences --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- National Experiences --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4 --- Sub-summary --- p.31 / Chapter CHAPTER III --- Theory and Methodology --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1 --- Theoretical Framework and Technical Supports --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Interdisciplinary Theories and Techniques --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Link between Disciplines and Techniques --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2 --- Measurement Methods and Data Acquisition --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Measures of Urban Growth --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Measures of Planning Performance --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Measures of Urban Economy --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Research Methodology --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Methodology of Phenomena Observation --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Methodology of Correlations Investigation (CIM) --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Methodology of Planning Interpretation (PIM) --- p.52 / Chapter 3.4 --- Sub-summary --- p.54 / Chapter CHAPTER IV --- Detecting Urban Growth and Analyzing Planning Performance --- p.55 / Chapter 4.1 --- Database Establishment --- p.55 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Data Collection and Processing --- p.55 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Variables in the Database --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2 --- Detecting Urban Growth --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Overview of Urban Growth --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Distribution of Economic Growth in the Inner City --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Spillover of Urban Spatial Growth --- p.73 / Chapter 4.3 --- Detecting the Spatial Performances of Zoning --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Expected Urban Growth Pattern in Zoning --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Conformities between Reality and Expectations --- p.81 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Contradictions between Reality and Expectations --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4 --- Detecting Planning Interventions --- p.87 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Expectations of Spatial Development Potentials --- p.88 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Expectations of Capital Agglomeration Potentials --- p.89 / Chapter 4.5 --- Sub-summary --- p.90 / Chapter CHAPTER V --- Examining Urban Growth Patterns and Planning Interventions --- p.95 / Chapter 5.1 --- Analyzing Urban Growth Patterns --- p.95 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Vertical Urban Growth (VUG) Pattern --- p.95 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Horizontal Urban Growth (HUG) Pattern --- p.96 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Spatial Agglomeration Growth (SAG) Pattern --- p.97 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Economic Growth Pattern --- p.99 / Chapter 5.2 --- Planning Effects on the VUG Pattern --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Model Specification --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Spatially Varying Mechanism --- p.103 / Chapter 5.3 --- Planning Effects on the HUG Pattern --- p.108 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Model Specification --- p.108 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Spatially Varying Mechanism --- p.110 / Chapter 5.4 --- Planning Effects on the Economic Growth Pattern --- p.113 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Model Specification --- p.114 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Spatially Varying Mechanism --- p.115 / Chapter 5.5 --- Sub-summary --- p.118 / Chapter CHAPTER VI --- Exploring the Spatio-economic Mechanisms (SEMs) of Urban Growth and Estimating Planning Failures --- p.123 / Chapter 6.1 --- SEMs and Planning Effects on VUG --- p.123 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Model Specification --- p.123 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Spatially Varying Mechanism --- p.125 / Chapter 6.2 --- SEMs and Planning Effects on HUG --- p.129 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Model Specification --- p.129 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Findings and Interpretation --- p.131 / Chapter 6.3 --- Spatial Dependence of Economic Elements Growth --- p.132 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Model Specification --- p.132 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Findings and Interpretation --- p.134 / Chapter 6.4 --- Government Intervention Mechanism of Spatial Shaping --- p.136 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Model Specification --- p.136 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Spatially Varying Mechanism --- p.138 / Chapter 6.5 --- Estimation of Planning Failures --- p.142 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Estimation model Establishment --- p.142 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Findings and Interpretation --- p.143 / Chapter 6.6 --- Sub-summary --- p.147 / Chapter CHAPTER VII --- Implications of Planning and Application for Growth Management --- p.153 / Chapter 7.1 --- Perfect Planning in an Imperfect World --- p.153 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Large Gaps between Planning Wills and Reality --- p.153 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Complex City System and Dynamic Urban Growth --- p.154 / Chapter 7.1.3 --- Limitations of Traditional Planning --- p.155 / Chapter 7.1.4 --- The Role of Urban Planning --- p.156 / Chapter 7.2 --- Concrete Planning Based on Local Knowledge --- p.157 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Local Knowledge Learning from Histories --- p.157 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Local Knowledge Emphasizing Introspection and Empirical Studies --- p.157 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Local Knowledge Supported by Monitoring and Feedback --- p.158 / Chapter 7.3 --- Rationale Planning Adhering to Agglomeration Economies --- p.159 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Agglomeration Economies: Positive or Negative --- p.159 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Agglomeration Economies Center: Too Crowded or Not --- p.160 / Chapter 7.3.3 --- Agglomeration Economies: Spatial Diffusion Mechanisms --- p.162 / Chapter 7.4 --- The Paradoxes of Anti-sprawl Planning --- p.163 / Chapter 7.4.1 --- Centralization vs. Decentralization --- p.163 / Chapter 7.4.2 --- Growth Priority in the City Fringe --- p.164 / Chapter 7.5 --- Shaping Growth with Economic Thinking --- p.165 / Chapter 7.5.1 --- Basic Spatio-economic Mechanisms --- p.166 / Chapter 7.5.2 --- Driving a Compact New Town --- p.167 / Chapter 7.6 --- The Pros and Cons of Government Intervention --- p.167 / Chapter 7.6.1 --- Intervention Instruments for Growth Shaping --- p.168 / Chapter 7.6.2 --- Pros and Cons --- p.170 / Chapter 7.7 --- Growth Management Planning (GMP) as an Application --- p.171 / Chapter 7.7.1 --- Role of GMP in the Current Planning Systems --- p.172 / Chapter 7.7.2 --- Methodology of GMP --- p.173 / Chapter 7.8 --- Sub-summary --- p.175 / Chapter CHAPTER VIII --- Conclusion and Limitations --- p.179 / Chapter 8.1 --- Restating the Research Objectives and Questions --- p.180 / Chapter 8.2 --- Measurement and Data Acquisition Innovations --- p.181 / Chapter 8.3 --- Findings of Urban Growth Observation --- p.183 / Chapter 8.4 --- Findings of Planning Evaluation --- p.185 / Chapter 8.5 --- Planning Implications --- p.186 / Chapter 8.6 --- Potential Applications --- p.188 / Chapter 8.7 --- Key Contributions and Significance --- p.190 / Chapter 8.8 --- Limitations and Future Work --- p.191 / References --- p.193 / Appendix --- p.204

Cohort study found that being insured and having longer exposure of health insurance significantly increased migrant workers' likelihood to use professional healthcare in Shenzhen, decreased their total occasions of professional healthcare utilisation, and were causally associated with a decrease in professional healthcare expenditures which were paid out-of-pocket in the 6 months of follow-up by migrant workers. / Internal migration has become a more and more prominent societal and economic phenomenon in mainland China and Shenzhen is one of the most frequently selected locales for rural-urban migrants. This thesis aims 1) to assess health status and to describe patterns of healthcare utilisation amongst migrant factory workers, 2) to follow up the sample over 6 months to understand the impact of health insurance participation on health service utilisation and health expenditures, and 3) to assess the implications for health policies. / Our results suggest that health strategies should take into consideration the specific health needs of the highly mobile factory migrant workers. Through insurance coverage, local health authorities may be able to help improve rural-urban migrant workers' health by improving services at community level, and incorporating psychological care in the services provided by Community Health Centres. / Questionnaire surveys were used in a representative sample from factory workers in Shenzhen. The baseline and follow-up studies were conducted during April to December 2009 in Shenzhen, China. / Results show that migrant factory workers in Shenzhen represent a broad combination of geographic complexity and have special socio-demographic characteristics. The results have specified some association between self-rated health and SES, and major correlates of depressive symptoms amongst migrant factory workers. The seroprevalence of antibodies to rubella amongst female migrant workers is too low to provide immunity in the population. Sex, age, education, sleeping hours and internet use were associated with being a current smoker. The crude two-week illness rate was 21.6%. More than half and 11.6% of sick migrant workers chose self-treatment or neglected their sickness, respectively. Self-perception of disease being not severe, lack of time and economic difficulties were the major explanations for not utilizing professional care. / Mou, Jin. / Adviser: Sian Meryl Griffiths. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-02, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-270). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Fung Tat Wai Ken. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2008-2009, design report." / Urban Ruins: Empowering the Underprivileged --- p.4-17 / "This thesis is inspired by two social and economic issues: Urban Ruins and migrant workers. Here urban ruins refer to suspended or abandoned structures resulting from speculation failures caused by market and financial fluctuations. Through a comparison between these unoccupied and often unfinished structures and ""traditional"" ruins like those resulting from natural disasters, it is obvious that they share common characteristics and Urban Ruins are thus named. For example, they both consist of visible and invisible parts, though they represent different time and space." / Guangdong Region --- p.18-23 / "Following the real estate boom in the 1990s, there were once more than 300 Urban Ruins in Guangdong Province. However in the past 10 years, most of the suspended projects have been resumed and completed by developers, this phenomenon has given rise to worries at the beginning of research that it might not be the right time to touch on this issue, yet the recent financial crisis has again proven the periodic nature of the issue that is worthwhile further investigation." / Shenzhen - Dongmen Building --- p.24-37 / "Dongmen Building one of the remaining few existing Urban Ruins in Shenzhen urban area. It is a special case that the cause of its suspension is not only financial and market forces, the original developer has been cheated by other company, taking away all the capital that were invested into this building, the construction was then brought to a halt since the completion of the concrete structure more than 10 years ago. This is going to be the site of the intervention." / Shenzhen - A Transient City --- p.38-43 / "Apart from the property market, Shenzhen has been growing exponentially since it was declared Special Economic Zone in 1979, plus its geographical advantage of its proximity to Hong Kong, it has been functioning as the hinterland to Hong Kong providing cheap products and services. The manufacturing industry and services sector flourished, attracting migrant workers from all over China. These migrant workers do not have a local hukou, meaning they are not registered residence in Shenzhen, they face problems of employment, accommodation and low wages. Making the migrant workers the underprivileged and over exploited group in the economy." / "According to a recent survey, there are as much as 100 million migrant workers in China, of which one tenth of them are working in the Guangdong Province. Migrant workers, together with associated Village in the City issue pose a rising social demographic problem to the authorities." / Program --- p.44-49 / "Based on these two issues, Urban Ruins and migrant workers, a programmatic approach has been adopted. The proposed program is composed of 3 scales, firstly on a city wide scale responding to periodical market fluctuations that created Urban Ruins by taking the abandoned structure as a host for intervention. Secondly on a national-wide scale dealing with perennial population flow of migrant workers and tourists, providing temporary residence for migrant workers who are forced to stay in Shenzhen or those who just arrived in search for jobs. Thirdly on a more local scale, accommodating daily needs of public transport and recycling in the Dongmen commercial district." / Empowering the under-privileged and the over-exploited --- p.50-53 / "Going back to the title of the thesis, how to empower the under-privileged? It could be achieved by using their own expertise, agricultural knowledge, by means of an urban farm. The urban farm ties up all the other previously mentioned programs, they work in a symbiotic relationship that the public transport interchange bring shoppers to the marketplace where the produces from the urban farm, while the kitchen waste collected from the commercial district can be treated at the recycling centre suppling organic fertiliser to the urban farm. The temporary residence is run on the financial support from the profit of the marketplace and also the hostel for tourists. This establishment could be a centre for new arrivals in Shenzhen, providing vocational training of hydroponic agriculture and accommodation while they can look for other jobs." / Hydroponics and Vertical Farming --- p.54-57 / "The conventional type of farm is not feasible on the tower due the required soil depth cannot be achieved on the origi- nal structure. Hydroponic farming is introduced to produce high economic value crops like fruits and flowers. Moreover, the skills required by hydroponic farming can be acquired by the migrant workers as vocational training." / Parasitic Approach --- p.58-64 / "In order to maintain a ruin-like quality of the existing structure to create a""scar of greed"" in the city, the design approach would partly retain the existing appearance and introduce the new programs as parasitic structures. Three parasitic operations: Attachment, Add-on and Intrusion were identified from a study of parasitic structures. In the preliminary design proposal, the growing area is applied an attachment on the southern facades with other programs such as residence punching through into the existing structure as intrusions."