Tourism - in particular its determinants and effects - is an issue presently attracting much attention worldwide. International tourism is considered to be the largest single item of the world's foreign trade and for some countries it is the most important export industry and earner of foreign exchange. In addition to its economic significance, tourism contributes to the quality of life. It produces intangible benefits which are directly related to the physical and psychological health of people, and the enjoyment of the right to rest and free time. This applies with equal validity to both domestic and international tourism; the latter establishing international economic, political and socio-cultural links, as well as strengthening the domestic character of a nation. At the individual level, tourism satisfies the need to travel in search for relief from the stress of work and the routine of daily life in the big urban centres. At macro (country) level, tourism is, therefore, a human and economic activity which concerns most of us in many parts of the world, directly or indirectly. One country for which foreign tourism is of considerable importance is Greece. In order to identify likely supply constraints (e. g. tourist accommodation and basic infrastructure) and to establish the major market segments of Greek tourism, the growth and structure of foreign tourism in Greece between 1960 and 1984 is examined. Special attention is given to the magnitude of tourism in Greece and its economic effects on the national economy. The non-economic effects of tourism are also considered. This is followed by the construction of a tourist profile so that the types of foreign visitors that go to Greece are identified. Subsequently, an econometric model is developed and empirical results provided to explain foreign tourist arrivals in Greece and to assess the impact of promotional expenditure by the Greek National Tourist Organisation in a number of foreign tourist generating markets. Finally, a tourism marketing planning model is devised which highlights the main variables affecting the international tourism marketing policies of the Greek National Tourist Organisation and, in particular, empirical results are used in conjunction with- a tourism market choice matrix for selecting market targeting strategies. The major conclusion emerging from the research is that as the tourist industry in Greece is of vital importance, the adoption of a strategic, interdisciplinary and integrated tourism planning process along with the establishment of a tactically orientated task unit could provide important improvements in the effectiveness and contribution of tourism in Greece. A few proposals regarding future policies by the Greek authorities are made, such as the establishment of a co-ordinating body orchestrating the efforts of the appropriate groups relevant to the multifaceted nature of tourism.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att bättre förstå om och i så fall på vilket sätt kyrkans ledning tänker sig att deras personliga tro hade betydelse när de fattade beslut för utformningen av S:ta Claras verksamhet. Fyra beslutsområden har studerats. Två handlade om bön och två om val av plats för det utåtriktade sociala arbetet. Studien har genomförts utifrån elva kvalitativa intervjuer med individer som deltagit i beslutsfattandet inom de undersökta beslutsområdena. Resultaten från intervjuerna har analyserats med hjälp av en handlingsteori och två teoretiska resonemang. Slutsatserna har diskuterats och knutits till tidigare forskning. De är i korthet följande: Att personlig tro på ett objektivt, kausalt eller mätbart sätt skulle haft betydelse för de beslut som studerats går inte att säga utifrån denna studie. Informanterna uttalar för egen del att deras personliga tro haft betydelse för utformningen av praxis inom de fyra beslutsområden som studien omfattar. Besluten har påverkats av ett komplext samspel av beslutsfattarens värdemässiga och teoretiska antaganden i sin föreställningsvärld, i kombination med upplevelser av kyrkans organisationskultur och av verkliga situationer. Det samspelet omfattar, i denna studie, informanternas personliga föreställningar om bibeln och om delar av Sahlbergs forskning, det upplevda ”kallet” att leva ut sin tro i Clara, en önskan att sprida sin tro vidare samt tolkningar av verkliga situationer. Som avslutning framförs tanken att studien skulle kunna bidra till den epistemologiska kunskapskartan genom iakttagelsen att personlig tro inte är en oberoende beslutskomponent. Vid sidan av personlig tro redovisas i uppsatsen ett spektrum av andra faktorer som skulle kunna ha betydelse för beslut gällande diakonal praxis.

Submitted by Leonardo Cavalcante (leo.ocavalcante@gmail.com) on 2018-06-08T15:19:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2723644 bytes, checksum: b7e79401cc2e021297718d9baf7a1016 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-08T15:19:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arquivototal.pdf: 2723644 bytes, checksum: b7e79401cc2e021297718d9baf7a1016 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-05 / Environmental impacts, which alter the environment and result in the quality of life and well-being of society, can have their causes in the constructive process of buildings. This work presents the results of a research that had as objective to analyze the significance of the environmental impacts resulting from the construction process of three building works. Initially, it was necessary to know the causes of the environmental impacts in the different stages of the constructive process of buildings, as well as to identify these impacts, in order to evaluate their significance, through the criteria used in the method of Seiffert (2011). According to the said method, this significance can be: despicable, moderate and critical. The results showed that 83.78% of the identified environmental impacts represent moderate to critical significance, which is a worrying situation. This demonstrates that the environment is being polluted considerably by the construction industry due to the lack of environmental management and the wrong working method of the companies. The neglect of these companies in the face of environmental issues is notorious, since there is no control in the causes of environmental impacts, that is, there are no actions aimed at eliminating or minimizing them, thereby compromising the quality of life of society. . / Os impactos ambientais, que alteram o meio ambiente e trazem consequência para a qualidade de vida e bem estar da sociedade, podem ter suas causas no processo construtivo de edificações. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo analisar a significância dos impactos ambientais resultantes do processo construtivo de três obras de edificação. Inicialmente, foi necessário conhecer as causas dos impactos ambientais nas diferentes etapas do processo construtivo de edificações, bem como identificar estes impactos, para na sequência avaliar a sua significância, através dos critérios utilizados no método de Seiffert (2011). De acordo com o referido método, essa significância pode ser: desprezível, moderada e crítica. Os resultados mostraram que 83,78% dos impactos ambientais identificados representam significância entre moderada e crítica, o que se constitui numa situação preocupante. Isto demonstra que o meio ambiente está sendo poluído consideravelmente pela indústria da construção, devido à ausência de gestão ambiental e método de trabalho equivocado das empresas. O descaso dessas empresas perante as questões ambientais é notório, pois não há controle nas causas dos impactos ambientais, ou seja, não existem ações que visem eliminá-los ou minimizá-los, comprometendo assim cada vez mais a qualidade de vida da sociedade.

L'objectif de la thèse consiste à analyser les modes de signifiance du nom propre dans les œuvres de M.Mammeri, Y. Kateb et J-M-G Le Clézio. La première partie porte sur les lieux communs du propre. La tradition, l'école envisagée dans le contexte colonial et la civilisation techniciste peuvent constituer des sources d'aliénation du nom. Aussi se transforment-ils souvent en lieux de tensions idéologiques qui se traduisent dans le conflit entre les enfants et les pères, le colonisé et le colonisateur. Pour parer à ce défaut d'être, les écrivains vont opérer un retour au lieu. C'est l'objet de la deuxième partie qui est consacrée à la reconquête symbolique du propre. Les lieux vont jouer un rôle déterminant dans la vie des personnages et seront intimement liés à leur destin et à leur nom. La troisième partie, placée sous le signe de l'écriture,vise à penser le nom dans une option radicale en tant que moyen dans la quête de l'absolu. / L'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais.

Nesta dissertação destacamos nossa preocupação com o ensino e aprendizagem da álgebra elementar, sempre muito presente em nossa prática docente. Nosso principal objetivo foi a elaboração, implementação e validação de uma proposta didática para o desenvolvimento de um ensino que promovesse a compreensão das operações básicas com expressões algébricas no Ensino Fundamental. De acordo com os referenciais teóricos utilizados buscamos construir uma proposta que contemplasse a produção de significados para a atividade algébrica em um ambiente de aprendizagem cooperativa, fazendo uso de representações múltiplas e de materiais manipulativos juntamente com a resolução de situações-problema. A implementação da proposta foi desenvolvida em duas fases: a primeira, enfocando o uso das letras em álgebra e a segunda voltada para a produção de significados para as operações com expressões algébricas. Apresentamos o resultado da investigação realizada com um grupo de alunos do segundo ano do terceiro ciclo (equivalente à 7ª série) do Ensino Fundamental numa escola da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre. Este estudo mostrou que a proposta implementada contribuiu para o aprimoramento do pensamento algébrico dos alunos que produziram significados para as operações realizadas com expressões algébricas, adquiriram desenvoltura no uso das letras e compreenderam algumas propriedades algébricas, dentre elas a comutatividade da multiplicação e a distributividade da multiplicação em relação à adição, além de estabelecerem condições para a realização da adição e subtração entre expressões algébricas. Notamos, ainda, o progresso dos alunos quanto à autonomia presente nos processos de observação, levantamento de hipóteses, elaboração de conclusões e de justificações. Concluímos, destacando a relevância desta pesquisa no âmbito do trabalho do professor, relacionada à construção de uma atitude de busca de compreensão dos processos de aprendizagem de seus alunos. / This work emphasizes the concern about teaching and learning elementary algebra. The main purpose was the elaboration, implementation and legalization of a didatic proposal having in mind a teaching development that would promote the understanding of basic expressions with algebraic operations in the Elementary School. Based on the chosen theoretical references forementioned, we intended to motivate students to learn algebra in a cooperative directed way through the use of multiple representative allusions with a wide deversity of symbolic, visual and material resources. This proposal implementation was developed in two phases: First it emphasized the algebra letter usage and second the significance production related to algebraic expressions. The accomplished investigation result was presented with a first grade group of students in a county school. This investigation showed that the implemented proposal improved the students algebraic thinking, also they started giving significance to the accomplished operation with algebraic expressions and acquired agility in using letters and understanding some of the algebraic properties including commutation in multiplication and distributions related to multiplication and additions besides establishing conditions to elaborate addition and subtraction among algebraic expressions. It was also noticed the students progress concerning the observation process, hipothesis, propositions, feeling of accomplisments and justifications autonomy. This research took into account the teacher’s work considering the construction of an inquisitive searching attitude and a comprehensive understanding.

Il lavoro, composto da tre articoli, si focalizza sulla relazione tra leadership e performance, indagata e osservata da molteplici punti di vista e attraverso differenti strategie di ricerca, ma sempre in un contesto pubblico o comunque mission-driven. In particolare, il primo articolo indaga la relazione tra leadership e performance organizzativa, con un duplice obiettivo: da un lato validare da un punto di vista metodologico la scala di misurazione più utilizzata, dall’altro verificarne la relazione con la performance organizzativa utilizzando una scala più parsimoniosa. Gli altri due articoli si focalizzano sulla relazione tra leadership e performance individuale: il primo esplora, attraverso un disegno di ricerca qualitativo, il ruolo del feedback fornito dal superiore nel processo di riflessione critica dei collaboratori, volto al cambiamento dei comportamenti e al miglioramento della propria performance; il secondo indaga, attraverso un disegno di ricerca sperimentale, gli effetti della credibilità dei leader sulla performance dei collaboratori, anche mediante la percezione da parte dei dipendenti dell’importanza e dell’utilità del proprio lavoro per gli altri. / The three papers included in the thesis focus on the relationship between leadership and performance, investigated and observed from multiple points of view and through different research strategies. All the papers are conducted in a public or mission-driven setting. The first article focuses on the relationship between leadership and organizational performance, with a twofold objective: on the one hand, to validate the most used measurement scale for leadership from a methodological point of view, and, on the other, to verify the relationship with organizational performance using a more parsimonious scale. The other two articles focus on the relationship between leadership and individual performance. One explores, through a qualitative research design, the role of feedback provided by the supervisor in employees’ critical reflection process, aimed at changing their behaviors and at improving their own performance. The last one investigates, through an experimental research design, the effects of leaders’ trustworthiness on the performance of employees, through the employees' perception of the task significance of their job.

Approximate computing has been an emerging programming and system design paradigm that has been proposed as a way to overcome the power-wall problem that hinders the scaling of the next generation of both high-end and mobile computing systems. Towards this end, a lot of researchers have been studying the effects of approximation to applications and those hardware modifications that allow increased power benefits for reduced reliability. In this work, we focus on runtime system modifications and task-based programming models that enable software-controlled, user-driven approximate computing. We employ a systematic methodology that allows us to evaluate the potential energy and performance benefits of approximate computing using as building blocks unreliable hardware components. We present a set of extensions to OpenMP 4.0 that enable the programmer to define computations suitable for approximation. We introduce task-significance, a novel concept that describes the contribution of a task to the quality of the result. We use significance as a channel of communication from domain specific knowledge about applications towards the runtime-system, where we can optimise approximate execution depending on user constraints. Finally, we show extensions to the Linux kernel that enable it to operate seamlessly on top of unreliable memory and provide a user-space interface for memory allocation from the unreliable portion of the physical memory. Having this framework in place allowed us to identify what we call the refresh-by-access property of applications that use dynamic random-access memory (DRAM). We use this property to implement techniques for task-based applications that minimise the probability of errors when using unreliable memory enabling increased quality and power efficiency when using unreliable DRAM.

Nesta dissertação destacamos nossa preocupação com o ensino e aprendizagem da álgebra elementar, sempre muito presente em nossa prática docente. Nosso principal objetivo foi a elaboração, implementação e validação de uma proposta didática para o desenvolvimento de um ensino que promovesse a compreensão das operações básicas com expressões algébricas no Ensino Fundamental. De acordo com os referenciais teóricos utilizados buscamos construir uma proposta que contemplasse a produção de significados para a atividade algébrica em um ambiente de aprendizagem cooperativa, fazendo uso de representações múltiplas e de materiais manipulativos juntamente com a resolução de situações-problema. A implementação da proposta foi desenvolvida em duas fases: a primeira, enfocando o uso das letras em álgebra e a segunda voltada para a produção de significados para as operações com expressões algébricas. Apresentamos o resultado da investigação realizada com um grupo de alunos do segundo ano do terceiro ciclo (equivalente à 7ª série) do Ensino Fundamental numa escola da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Porto Alegre. Este estudo mostrou que a proposta implementada contribuiu para o aprimoramento do pensamento algébrico dos alunos que produziram significados para as operações realizadas com expressões algébricas, adquiriram desenvoltura no uso das letras e compreenderam algumas propriedades algébricas, dentre elas a comutatividade da multiplicação e a distributividade da multiplicação em relação à adição, além de estabelecerem condições para a realização da adição e subtração entre expressões algébricas. Notamos, ainda, o progresso dos alunos quanto à autonomia presente nos processos de observação, levantamento de hipóteses, elaboração de conclusões e de justificações. Concluímos, destacando a relevância desta pesquisa no âmbito do trabalho do professor, relacionada à construção de uma atitude de busca de compreensão dos processos de aprendizagem de seus alunos. / This work emphasizes the concern about teaching and learning elementary algebra. The main purpose was the elaboration, implementation and legalization of a didatic proposal having in mind a teaching development that would promote the understanding of basic expressions with algebraic operations in the Elementary School. Based on the chosen theoretical references forementioned, we intended to motivate students to learn algebra in a cooperative directed way through the use of multiple representative allusions with a wide deversity of symbolic, visual and material resources. This proposal implementation was developed in two phases: First it emphasized the algebra letter usage and second the significance production related to algebraic expressions. The accomplished investigation result was presented with a first grade group of students in a county school. This investigation showed that the implemented proposal improved the students algebraic thinking, also they started giving significance to the accomplished operation with algebraic expressions and acquired agility in using letters and understanding some of the algebraic properties including commutation in multiplication and distributions related to multiplication and additions besides establishing conditions to elaborate addition and subtraction among algebraic expressions. It was also noticed the students progress concerning the observation process, hipothesis, propositions, feeling of accomplisments and justifications autonomy. This research took into account the teacher’s work considering the construction of an inquisitive searching attitude and a comprehensive understanding.

abstract: Node proximity measures are commonly used for quantifying how nearby or otherwise related to two or more nodes in a graph are. Node significance measures are mainly used to find how much nodes are important in a graph. The measures of node proximity/significance have been highly effective in many predictions and applications. Despite their effectiveness, however, there are various shortcomings. One such shortcoming is a scalability problem due to their high computation costs on large size graphs and another problem on the measures is low accuracy when the significance of node and its degree in the graph are not related. The other problem is that their effectiveness is less when information for a graph is uncertain. For an uncertain graph, they require exponential computation costs to calculate ranking scores with considering all possible worlds. In this thesis, I first introduce Locality-sensitive, Re-use promoting, approximate Personalized PageRank (LR-PPR) which is an approximate personalized PageRank calculating node rankings for the locality information for seeds without calculating the entire graph and reusing the precomputed locality information for different locality combinations. For the identification of locality information, I present Impact Neighborhood Indexing (INI) to find impact neighborhoods with nodes' fingerprints propagation on the network. For the accuracy challenge, I introduce Degree Decoupled PageRank (D2PR) technique to improve the effectiveness of PageRank based knowledge discovery, especially considering the significance of neighbors and degree of a given node. To tackle the uncertain challenge, I introduce Uncertain Personalized PageRank (UPPR) to approximately compute personalized PageRank values on uncertainties of edge existence and Interval Personalized PageRank with Integration (IPPR-I) and Interval Personalized PageRank with Mean (IPPR-M) to compute ranking scores for the case when uncertainty exists on edge weights as interval values. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Computer Science 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:59:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 justo_js_me_assis.pdf: 947980 bytes, checksum: af3ae29a49f1b79a29e058b00a778b94 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fotografias estão constantemente ao nosso redor: nos jornais, revistas, outdoors, galerias de arte, nos envolvendo também de forma mais íntima através dos álbuns de família. Colecionar imagens de momentos importantes tais como nascimentos, casamentos, aniversários e viagens é costume de quase toda família, mas por que registrar e guardar estas lembranças? A fim de explorar detalhadamente a relação dos membros da família com seus acervos fotográficos, rastreando os sentidos dos álbuns, realizamos uma investigação tendo como participantes duas famílias: Aragão e Silva. Cada família possuía três voluntários que foram entrevistados individualmente, tendo como foco as narrativas instigadas por fotografias previamente selecionadas de momentos importantes para a família. A conduta básica do entrevistador pautou-se por intervenções mínimas, deixando os entrevistados discorrerem sobre as imagens. Como principais resultados observamos que, apesar das diferenças quanto ao relacionamento com o álbum da família, as fotos guardadas permitem a revisitação de experiências, a re-significação de acontecimentos e a criação de narrativas. No contato com interlocutores possibilita-se a produção de sentido de forma que o sujeito se reconhece como parte de uma história construída coletivamente. Dessa forma, o álbum de família é um importante acervo documental iconográfico e patrimônio do grupo familiar. Funciona não somente como arquivo de registros da memória, mas, sobretudo, como imagens disparadoras de afetos, sentimentos e recordações instigadores de narrativas capazes de ampliar a compreensão do passado e do presente. / Photographs are constantly around us in newspapers, magazines, advertizing bill boards, art galleries and specially through the family albums. Collecting pictures of special occasions like births, weddings, birthdays, and trips are a custom of almost any family. Why register and file these souveniers? In order to explore in detail the relation of the family with their photo album and trace the significance of the photo album for the family, a recent study between two families, Aragão and Silva was carried out. This study involved six volunteers, three in each family who were interviewed individually on their personal memories of each pre-selected picture shown of their own family pictures. The behavior of the interviewer was based on minimum interventions, leaving the participants free to discourse about the images. As a result it was observed that regardless of the differences in relationship of the photo album, the pictures allowed the participants to revisit experiences, re-signify events and create vivid memory narratives. The significance of recollective memory is made through contact with others and one recognizes himself as part of a history constructed collectively. In this way, the family album is an important iconographic documented legacy for the family and therefore, not only a file of registered souveniers but over all as images of affection, feelings and memories that instigate narratives capable of extending/amplifying the past and the present.