Nesta tese propomos o Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST), apresentado por Pereira e Stern em 1999, para análise de modelos de misturas de normais multivariadas. Estendemos o conceito de modelos de misturas para explorar outro problema clássico em Estatística, o problema de modelos separados. Nas duas propostas, realizamos experimentos numéricos inspirados em problemas biológicos importantes: o problema de classificação não supervisionada de genes baseada em seus níveis de expressão, e o problema da discriminação entre os modelos Weibull e Gompertz - distribuições clássicas em análise de sobrevivência. / In this thesis we propose the Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) as a tool for multivariate normal mixture models. We extend the fundamental mixture concepts to another important problem in Statistics, the problem of separate models. In both methods, we perform numerical experiments based on important biological problems: the unsupervised classification of genes based on their expression profiles, and the problem of deciding between the Weibull and Gompertz models - two classical distributions widely used in survival analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Francisca Ferreira Trujillo.pdf: 490631 bytes, checksum: 943d3b70dd6dda2f592134203530578f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-10 / This research, imprint structuralist, entitled diachronic study of prepositions com, em, por and per, in Portuguese texts of the XIV to the XX century, aims to investigate and describe the prepositions com, em, por and per in the Portuguese language, spelling and its amendments senses under the historical perspective. It is historical and descriptive research that is based on analysis of historical grammars and texts from the fourteenth century to the twentieth. The corpus of archaic texts from fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, drawn from the collections of Jose J. Nunes (1959) and J. L. Vasconcellos (1959). The texts from the sixteenth to the eighteenth were consulted in the National Digital Library of Lisbon. To represent the nineteenth and twentieth centuries chose varied literary works of Brazilian writers, preferring prose and, as the literary genre, seeks to vary between tales, auto, novels etc., In order to diversify styles, while that were selected authors who represent a form as close to the standard level of language (the language with little spontaneous reproduction without regional variation, for this is not the object of our study). Initially are compared every two centuries between them, and finally, compares the data with the twentieth century, aiming to verify the occurrence of changes in spelling and meanings in these prepositional connectives. Anchored on the assumption that, on the basis of the linguistic system of Portuguese prepositional connectives occupy important role, justified the development of such a survey. As a result, it is believed that the prepositions themselves carry some degree of meaning that make them, in the Portuguese language, basic elements that accompany the diachrony of language without changing its form or function / Esta pesquisa, de cunho estruturalista, intitulada Estudo diacrônico das preposições com, em, por e per em textos portugueses do século XIV ao XX, objetiva investigar e descrever as preposições com, em, por e per na língua portuguesa, suas alterações de grafia e sentidos sob a perspectiva histórica. Trata-se de pesquisa histórico-descritiva que tem como base de análise gramáticas históricas e textos do século XIV ao XX. O corpus é constituído de textos arcaicos dos séculos XIV e XV, retirados das coletâneas de José J. Nunes (1959) e J. L. de Vasconcellos (1959). Os textos dos séculos XVI ao XVIII foram consultados na Biblioteca Nacional Digital de Lisboa. Para representar os séculos XIX e XX escolhemos obras literárias variadas de escritores brasileiros, dando preferência à prosa e, quanto ao gênero literário, procura-se variar entre contos, auto, romances etc., com o intuito de diversificar estilos, ao mesmo tempo em que foram selecionados autores que representam uma forma o mais próximo possível do nível padrão da língua (com pouca reprodução da língua espontânea e sem variante regional, por não ser este o objeto do nosso estudo). São comparadas, inicialmente, cada dois séculos entre si e, por último, comparam-se os dados com o século XX, objetivando verificar as ocorrências de alterações de grafia e sentidos nesses conectivos preposicionais. Ancora-se na hipótese de que, na base do sistema linguístico do idioma português os conectivos preposicionais ocupam papel relevante, justifica-se o desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa dessa natureza. Como resultados, julga-se que as preposições carregam em si algum grau de significação que as tornam, na língua portuguesa, elementos de base que acompanham a diacronia da língua sem mudar sua função ou forma

No cenário atual, as transformações sócio-culturais e tecnológicas vêm ampliando as fronteiras culturais entre as nações, acentuando a individualidade e redefinindo práticas afetivas. Assistimos a pulverização dos ideais de verdade, a desagregação das estruturas tradicionais de normatização, o excesso de liberdade, o hiper-consumismo, a valorização do novo e do hedonismo. Na aparente efemeridade das relações afetivas, buscamos compreender que significados homens e mulheres atribuem a vivencia da infidelidade amorosa da(do) parceira(o) e como re-significam suas relações amorosas após estes(estas) lhes terem sido infiéis. Entrevistamos 05 mulheres casadas pela Lei Civil e Igreja Católica, sendo que uma delas se separou após a infidelidade do parceiro e depois se reconciliou com ele; 04 homens, sendo que um deles se casou pela Lei Civil e Igreja Católica e se separou após a infidelidade da parceira; outro se uniu pelo contrato de conjunção marital e se separou após a infidelidade da parceira; e os outros dois, solteiros, se separaram das namoradas após a infidelidade delas. Utilizamos o método fenomenológico descritivo proposto por Rezende (1990) e obtivemos as descrições dos(das) colaboradores(as) mediante a questão: Fale a respeito da sua relação afetiva e sexual no decorrer do seu casamento (namoro) e, em especial, após seu (sua) marido (esposa/namorada) lhe ter sido infiel. Submetemo-as aos momentos da análise propostos por Giorgi (1978) e Bruns (2003) e situamos o fenômeno em sua temporalidade e construção sócio-histórica, bem como realizamos sua compreensão psicológica à luz do referencial psicanalítico. Ao analisarmos as descrições compreendemos que, embora vivenciamos no campo familiar, a transgressão de regras, a ruptura de modelos e a pluralização de formas de se relacionar, presenciamos a persistência de elementos tradicionais coexistindo com os comportamentos contemporâneos, como o ideal de amor romântico que imprime as idealizações de felicidade nas parcerias. Percebemos que os desencantos vivenciados por homens e mulheres exprimem a quebra da idealidade frente à figura amada e se manifestam também, nas insatisfações sexuais. A dor psíquica desencadeada pela vivência da infidelidade do(a) parceiro(a) expressa a comoção pulsional ou autopercepção do eu sobre o tumulto interno desencadeado pela perda ou ruptura da imagem que o parceiro traído tem de quem lhe foi infiel e, ao mesmo tempo, pela ruptura de sua própria imagem, que gera confusão mental e dúvidas sobre a própria identidade e sanidade mental. A irrepresentabilidade da dor psíquica pelo eu é expressa tanto pela marca da subtaneidade da descoberta da infidelidade do(a) parceiro(a), quanto pela negação da realidade. A manifestação exterior de sintomas são refletidos em dores psicogênicas e revelam sentimentos como culpa, menos-valia, impotência, insegurança, mágoa, ressentimento, solidão, abandono, rejeição, falta de apoio familiar e social e falta de perspectiva futura, bem como a projeção da dor psíquica no(a) parceiro(a). Os valores, as regras e os mitos que regem um grupo familiar são transmitidos de pais para filhos e há uma relação entre a preocupação com os filhos e o desejo de separar-se do(da) parceiro(a). A dramática ligação entre ciúme e violência compõe o cenário das relações infiéis. Contudo, as re-significações existenciais frente à vivencia da infidelidade podem percorrer territórios psíquicos que se dirigem para duas instâncias, a reconstrução e/ou dissolução do relacionamento amoroso, na busca de vivencias prazerosas; o aprisionamento da dor que encerra o eu em um dilaceramento sem fim, preso a uma antiga imagem não re-significada do eleito amado. / In the current scenery, socio-cultural and technological changes have been increasing cultural borders among the nations, accentuating individuality and redefinig affective practicals. We have watched the pulverization of the ideals of truth, the disaggregation of the traditional structures of normatization, the excess of freedom, the hiper-consumerism, the valorization of the new and of the hedonism. In the apparent efemerity of affective relationships, we attempt to understand which meanings men and women attribute to the existence of love infidelity of male or female partners and how they resignify their relationships after their partners´ infidelity. We interviewed 05 women, married in the Civil Law and Catholic Church; one of them separated after the partner\'s infidelity and later reconciled to him; 04 men; one of them got married in the Civil Law and Catholic Church and separated after the partner\'s infidelity; another one joined in the contract of marital conjunction and separated after the partner\'s infidelity; and the other two single men, separated after their girlfriends´ infidelity. We used the descriptive phenomenologic method proposed by Rezende (1990) and we obtained the descriptions by asking: \"Talk about sex and love during your relationships an especially after your partners´ infidelity. We made our analysis according to Giorgi (1978) and Bruns (2003) and we placed the phenomenon in its temporality and socio-historical construction and also accomplished its psychological understanding according to phyco analysis. To analyze the descriptions we understood that although we live in the familial field, the transgression of rules, the rupture of models and the pluralization relationships, we witness the persistence of traditional elements coexisting with contemporary behaviors, such as the ideal of romantic love in the idealization of happiness in the relationships. We noticed that disapointments experienced by men and women express the break of the ideal love and also appear in their sexual dissatisfactions. Psycic pain revealed by the existence of the partners´ infidelity expresses the pulsional commotion or autoperception of the internal tumult resulting from the the loss or rupture of the image that the betrayed partner has of the unfaithful one, and at the same time, from the rupture of his/ her own image, which generates mental confusion and doubts about their own identity and mental sanity. The irrepresentability of the psychic pain is expressed in the discovery of partners´ infidelity as well as in the denial of reality. The external manifestation of symptoms is reflected in the psycogenic pain which reveal feelings such as blame, low self-confidence, impotence, insecurity, sorrow, resentment, solitude, abandonment, rejection, lack of family and social support and lack of future perspective, as well as the projection of the psychic pain to the partners. The values, the rules and the myths that govern a family group are transmitted from r parents to children and there is a relation between the concern with the children and the desire of separation. The dramatic connection between jealousy and violence composes the scenery of unfaithful relationships. However, the existential re-significances in the experience of infidelity can go through psychic territories that lead to two instances, the reconstruction and/ or breakup of the love relationship, in the search of pleasure; the imprisonment of pain that leads to endless suffering due to the non re-signified image of the partner.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-02-29T12:54:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Steigleder Neubauer_.pdf: 1348681 bytes, checksum: 31be2371d2e464c73ad6cf417bd178da (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-29T12:54:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Steigleder Neubauer_.pdf: 1348681 bytes, checksum: 31be2371d2e464c73ad6cf417bd178da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / Nenhuma / Esta tese dedica-se aos conceitos de vivência intencional e de experiência significativa na hermenêutica de Hans-Georg Gadamer, para aclarar a ideia de experiência vivencial significativa, comprometida com o modo como conduzimos a vida. Para o filósofo, a experiência atravessa a amplitude do mundo da vida histórica e pode ser compreendida no contexto das vivências intencionais factuais implicadas na circularidade de horizontes distintos que se fundem, a fim de encontrar o sentido apropriado. Segundo Gadamer, é ao colocar em xeque nossos preconceitos que se estrutura a interpretação e se direciona o modo de agir do próprio ser. O texto foi dividido em dois capítulos, os quais exploram os conceitos de vivência e de experiência. Nas seções estão expostos os temas: filosofia da vida, consciência histórica, intencionalidade, hermenêutica da facticidade, jogo, filosofia prática e phrônesis. A noção de experiência vivencial significativa de Gadamer é um exercício de compreender e interpretar sempre implicado à sabedoria prática. / This thesis is dedicated to the concepts of intentional existence and significant experience in the grounds of Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics to lighten the idea of significant living experience. For the philosopher, the movement of understanding runs the breadth of the world of historical life and can be understood in the context of the factual intentional experiences involved in the circularity of distinct horizons that merge to find the proper sense. According to Gadamer, is in questioning our prejudices that the interpretation is structured and directs the manner of action of the being itself. The text was divided into two chapters that explore the concepts of existence and experience. The following themes were presented along the sections: philosophy of life, historical consciousness, intentionality, hermeneutics of factuality, game, practical philosophy and phrônesis. The notion of significant living experience in the philosophy of Gadamer is an exercise of understanding and interpretation involved with the practical wisdom.

Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / O presente trabalho possui como objetivo central investigar a teoria acerca da origem da significação, presente na obra Ser e tempo, de Martin Heidegger, procurando mostrar em que medida a significação dos entes traz consigo a interpretação do conhecimento teórico como sendo uma transformação modal da relação semântica em que se movimenta medianamente o existente humano. Para tanto, procuraremos mostrar a partir da idéia de que existem dois extremos de um mesmo movimento de transformação semântica que caracterizam um processo de objetivação ou perda de sentido que a origem de sentido ou instância de produção de todos os conceitos e enunciados filosóficos reside no próprio ser-aí não como um sujeito cognoscente ou representacional, mas como um eu no sentido do si-mesmo próprio que, ao assumir a responsabilidade por seu ser, se mostra como sendo o ponto de vista modal a partir do qual é possível recorrer o sentido indo de encontro com sua própria atividade fundamental. / This work aims to investigate the theory of the origin of meaning, present in Being and Time, Martin Heidegger, trying to show to what extent the significance of loved brings the interpretation of theoretical knowledge as a modal transformation of the relationship semantics which moves in the medium human existent. For that, we show - from the idea that there are two extremes of the same movement of processing semantics that characterize an objective process or loss of sense - the sense of origin or production instance of all concepts and points of philosophy lies in their being-there not as a knowing subject or representational, but as an "I" in the sense of the self itself that, by taking responsibility for his being shown as the modal point of view from which is possible to appeal the order by meeting with its own fundamental activity.

Esta tese reafirma a importância das trocas de experiências intergeracionais na qualificação de processos de construção de conhecimento e cultura, na contemporaneidade, a partir do desenvolvimento de um dispositivo educacional e cultural - a Oficina intergeracional - em uma instituição que atende crianças e jovens, na comunidade de Paraisópolis, situada na região sul da cidade de São Paulo. A pesquisa foi realizada com base nos pressupostos da metodologia colaborativa, onde os sujeitos são compreendidos e tratados como criadores de conhecimento e cultura que atuam em associação com o pesquisador, construindo ações em conjunto em torno do objeto comum das trocas intergeracionais. Ao promoverem a interrupção nos fluxos cotidianos habituais dos membros de diferentes faixas etárias da comunidade de Paraisópolis e do PECP (Programa Einstein na Comunidade de Paraisópolis), as oficinas intergeracionais promoveram e permitiram a emergência e a recriação de uma corrente de saberes e fazeres que constituem, dão apoio, conferem, constroem e reconstroem identidades, signos e práticas relacionais e culturais. O encontro da saberes e fazeres intergeracionais, somados à articulação de saberes e fazeres científicos, profissionais e da experiência pode constituir-se em caminho para a instauração de novas e promissoras relações entre informação e significação, preservando e valorizando processos de apropriação e criação de conhecimento e cultura na \"era da informação\" / This thesis reaffirms the importance of intergenerational exchange of experiences in the qualification of construction processes of knowledge and culture, in contemporaneity, based on the development of an educational and cultural mechanism - the Intergenerational Workshop - in an institution that assists children and youths in the community of Paraisópolis, located in the southern region of São Paulo. The research was based upon the assumptions of the collaborative methodology, where the subjects are understood and treated as creators of knowledge and culture that act in association with the researcher, building actions together around the common object of the intergenerational exchanges. By promoting the interruption in the usual daily flows of members of different age groups of the Paraisópolis community and of the PECP (Einstein Program in the Paraisópolis Community), Intergenerational Workshops promoted and allowed the emergence and the recreation of a stream of knowledge and practices that constitute, give support, confer, reconstruct identities, signs and relational and cultural practices. In other words, the meeting of the intergenerational knowledge and practices, added to the articulation of scientific, professional and experienced knowledge and doings, can be the way for the introduction of new and promising relationships between information and signification, preserving and valuing creative processes of knowledge and culture in the \"information age\".

The study examines the role of different types of value of the material in selecting documents for digitization at Swedish humanities special libraries. The main goals of the study were to find out, which types of value are most and least important in the selection process at these libraries, to aid on the identification of general tendencies in attributing values to analogue material for digitization and to provide an overall depiction of significance of different value types for the digitization at the humanities special libraries in Sweden. The two research questions of the study are: 1) Which aspects of value of the material are most important for the Swedish humanities special libraries in their decisions for selecting documents for digitization? and 2) Is there any agreement about the concept of value of the material for digitization among these special libraries? The empirical data has been gathered by means of an extensive self-completion questionnaire which was constructed on the basis of the analysis of previous research literature on selection of material for digitization. The analysis of the findings demonstrates that the intrinsic (intellectual content) value types and use value types are the most important ones for the Swedish humanities special libraries in selecting documents for digitization. Even though the respondent libraries appear to be in accordance in perceiving and assessing significance of many value categories, several of them generate discrepancies and confusion within the informant library group. Therefore, there isn't any general agreement about the concept of value of the material for digitization among the respondent libraries.

In recent years, more data is becoming available for historical oncology case analysis. A large dataset that describes over 500 patient cases of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma is a potential goldmine for finding ways to improve oncological decision support. Unfortunately, the best approaches for finding useful inferences are unknown. With so much information, from DNA and RNA sequencing to clinical records, we must use computational learning to find associations and biomarkers. The available data has sparsity, inconsistencies, and is very large for some datatypes. We processed clinical records with an expert oncologist and used complex modeling methods to substitute (impute) data for cases missing treatment information. We used machine learning algorithms to see if imputed data is useful for predicting patient survival. We saw no difference in ability to predict patient survival with the imputed data, though imputed treatment variables were more important to survival models. To deal with the large number of features in RNA expression data, we used two approaches: using all the data with High Performance Computers, and transforming the data into a smaller set of features (sparse principal components, or SPCs). We compared the performance of survival models with both datasets and saw no differences. However, the SPC models trained more quickly while also allowing us to pinpoint the biological processes each SPC is involved in to inform future biomarker discovery. We also examined ten processed molecular features for survival prediction ability and found some predictive power, though not enough to be clinically useful.

The population in Florida is projected to double over the next 50 years. Large land areas now in rural settings will become residential and urban areas. More than seven million acres of agriculture and open space will convert to housing developments, shopping malls, and business space. At stake are natural and cultural resources, which are lost or fragmented in this growth process. New planning measures are called for in order to grow in ways that minimize and least impact resources. Archaeological value in preservation projects is often examined after priorities for natural resources have been set, relegating archaeology to a role of added-on value in acquisition targeting. Decisions are made daily by planners, cultural resource managers, and agencies, about what resources get saved and what get destroyed. These decisions are based on subjective evaluations such as archaeological significance, without a clear understanding for what resources exist and what resources have already been protected. In this dissertation, I use a GAP audit approach, more commonly used in natural resource planning and management, to look at what the record of protection is for archaeology. I examine the region of the Big Hammock in North-central Florida, where agricultural land holdings are shown to be critical to archaeology, with nearly 65 percent of the recorded sites there, found on agriculture crop and pasturelands. In the Pasco County portion of the region, more than 63 percent of agricultural lands have been converted to residential land over the last decade. Agricultural lands are often purposefully overlooked in land acquisition prioritization, with planners sometimes not looking at the long range land use changes that can occur and cause cumulative impacts to resources. The reality is that every year, nearly 150,000 acres of Florida farmland statewide is developed into new subdivisions and strip malls. This GAP audit, applied to the archaeological resources in one region in Florida, shows that lands holding the most archaeological diversity and potential, may not coincide with lands targeted for other resource acquisition priorities. Treating archaeology as an added-on value in the land preservation process is therefore, not an adequate means of resource conservation.

Medical imaging technologies offer the benefits of faster and accurate diagnosis. When the medical imaging combined with the digitization, they offer the advantage of permanent storage and fast transmission to any geographical location. However, there is a need for efficient compression algorithms that alleviate the taxing burden of both large storage space and transmission bandwidth requirements. The Perceptually Lossless Medical Image Coder is a new image compression technique. It provides a solution to challenge of delivering clinically critical information in the shortest time possible. It embeds the visual pruning into the JPEG 2000 coding framework to achieve the optimal compression without losing the visual integrity of medical images. However, the performance of the PLMIC under certain medical image operation is still unknown. In this thesis, we investigate the performance of the PLMIC by applying linear, quadratic and cubic standard and centered B-spline interpolation filters. In order to evaluate the visual performance, a subjective assessment consisting of 30 medical images and 6 image processing experts was conducted. The perceptually lossless medical image coder was compared to the state-of-the-art JPEG-LS compliant LOCO and NLOCO image coders. The results have shown overall, there were no perceivable differences of statistical significance when the medical images were enlarged by a factor of 2. The findings of the thesis may help the researchers to further improve the coder. Additionally, it may also notify the radiologists the performance of the PLMIC coder to help them with correct diagnosis.