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Bakgrund: Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) är ett bedömningsinstrument för utvärdering av patienters vitalparametrar. Verktygets funktion är att genom strukturerade observationer identifiera patienter med sviktande vitala funktioner, och således kunna vidta åtgärder innan patienten avlider eller kräver intensivvård. Nyttan av MEWS inom onkologisk heldygnsvård är än så länge dokumenterat i mycket liten utsträckning. En studie från 2012 indikerar att MEWS inte är ett effektivt verktyg för att förutse försämringar hos onkologiska patienter.   Syfte: Att undersöka om patienter inom onkologisk vård uppvisar MEWS 0-17 poäng veckan innan dödsfall. Vidare ämnar författarna vilka specifika parametrar inom MEWS som orsakade förhöjda totalpoäng, samt om några skillnader föreligger mellan män och kvinnor. Metod: Retrospektiv journalgranskningsstudie där dokumentation av MEWS-bedömningar granskades i 70 patientjournaler. Resultat: Undersökningsgruppen hade ett genomsnittligt MEWS på 2,99 under den sista levnadsveckan. Av de enskilda variablerna inom MEWS var andningsfrekvens den som oftast gav poäng ≥1. Det genomsnittliga värdet av MEWS steg från 3,13 poäng det sjunde sista till 8 poäng det sista levnadsdygnet, men på grund av den låga frekvensen av mätningar under det sista levnadsdygnet kan inga slutsatser dras från resultatet. Inga signifikanta skillnader mellan män och kvinnor har identifierats. Låg förekomst av registrerade MEWS hos avlidna onkologpatienter orsakade ett stort initialt bortfall.   Slutsats: Studien indikerar att MEWS används i liten utsträckning på onkologiska patienter innan dödsfall. Det är dock inte möjligt att med detta underlag uttala sig om huruvida MEWS är ett relevant verktyg inom den onkologiska vården, och vidare forskning måste därför göras. / Background: Modified Early Warning Score, MEWS, is a scoring system (0-17 points) for assessment of patients’ vital signs. The function of MEWS is to detect deteriating patients at an early stage, and being able to put in adequate treatment before their physical condition worsens. The benefits from using MEWS on oncology patients have so far been researched to small extent. A study from 2012 indicates that MEWS is not an effective tool for detecting deteriation in oncology patients.   Objective: To research if oncology patients have scores 0-17 on MEWS measurements the week before they are deceased. The writers also intend to research which certain parameters within MEWS caused higher overall scores, and lastly whether there are any differences in scores between men and women.   Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was performed on a total of 104 MEWS measurements belonging to 70 deceased patients. Results: The main results show an average MEWS of 2,99 points during the last week of the patients’ lives. Respiratory rate was the variable within MEWS to cause elevated scores (≥1) most often. The average MEWS increased from 3,13 points the seventh day before death to 8 points the last day before death, but due to the low frequency of measurements from the last day of the patients’ lives, it is not possible to make any assumptions based on these results. Furthermore, the initial loss of patients meeting the inclusion criteria was substantial due to low prevalence of registered MEWS.   Conclusion: The results indicate that MEWS is not used on oncology patients to a great extent. It is not, however, possible to determine whether MEWS is a relevant assessment tool in care of oncology patients, and further research is therefore needed.

Ätstörningar i samband med graviditet är ett växande, dolt problem. Kvinnor som lider av en ätstörning väljer i många fall att dölja sina symtom, inte minst under en graviditet. Tecken kan vara svåra att se, vilket ställer stora krav på att sjuksköterskan är väl insatt i de tecken och symtom som tyder på att en ätstörning förekommer. Syftet med studien var att beskriva tecken och symtom på att en ätstörning förekommer i samband med en graviditet. Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie, där resultatdelen baserades på elva vetenskapliga artiklar. Analysen mynnade ut i fyra kategorier: kontrollerad kosthållning och vikt, utsatta livssituationer, förvrängd självbild samt depression och ångest. Resultatet påvisade en oro, starkt kopplad till den egna vikten, samt kroppens form. Smalhetsidealet i dagens samhälle sätter stor press på kvinnor och deras utseende. Kvinnor i sårbara livsituationer och med låg självkänsla, var mer benägna att utveckla en ätstörning i samband med en graviditet än kvinnor med stabil livsituation och god självkänsla. Sjuksköterskan behöver vara lyhörd för tecken och symtom på att en ätstörning förekommer i samband med graviditet. God kommunikation är av stor vikt för att nå fram till patientgruppen. Ytterligare forskning kring hur sjuksköterkor skall arbeta med gravida kvinnor, efter upptäckten av att en ätstörning förekommer, är av intresse. / Eating disorders in pregnancy is a growing, yet hidden problem. Women who suffer from an eating disorder often choose to hide their symptoms, especially during a pregnancy. Signs which indicate that an eating disorder occurs during the pregnancy may be difficult to detect. This is a dilemma and therefore the nurse has to be familiar with signs and symptoms which may occur. The aim of the study was to describe signs and symptoms of eating disorder during a pregnancy. A literature study was accomplished as a method, where the result was based on eleven scholarly articles. The analysis of the study culminated into four categories: controlled diet and weight control, tough circumstances in life, distorted self-image and depression and anxiety. The result demonstrates a concern, strongly related to the perception of an individual’s weight and body shape. The idea of being slim in today’s society puts a lot of pressure on women and their appearance. Women in vulnerable circumstances of life and with low self-esteem, were more likely to develop an eating disorder during pregnancy. Therefore the nurse has to be alert to detect symptoms and signs of eating disorders during pregnancy. Good communication is of importance to reach out to the patient group. Additional research about nursing of pregnant women after discovering that an eating disorder occurs, is of interest.

Use of modern traffic signal coordination has now been proved by its performance to reduce the total delay, increase driving speed and provide the smoothness of driving significantly. To provide more possibility of success in any traffic development including traffic signal coordination, traffic analytical and modelling software packages are now the best answer. This thesis illustrates the practical using of aaSIDRA and PARAMICS in development of traffic signal coordination on Sri-Jan Road, Khon Kaen City Thailand. The fixed-time signal plan with bandwidth maximization strategy is selected for the studied corridor. Two essential steps in the development are: determination of signal plans and cycle times using Version 2.1 aaSIDRA Micro-analytical software package; and determination of coordination offsets by using Version 5.1 PARAMICS Micro-simulation software package. The PARAMICS is also using in the evaluation of actual and improved traffic condition on Sri-Jan corridor. The results show that the newly proper signal plans and offsets produces significant improvements on the traffic conditions of the Sri-Jan Road. Recommendations on the motorcycle impacts and the projection of future traffic condition have also been provided for further study. / Thesis (MTransportSysEngineering)--University of South Australia, 2006.

Transport systems can be modelled and analysed with two techniques namely analytical and simulation. Until recently, aaSIDRA was the leader in the traffic modelling and analysis software based on analytical theory at micro scale. However, it cannot be used for more than one intersection. Meanwhile, the PARAMICS, AIMSUN NG and VISSIM are micro simulation software which are widely used in modelling and analysing transport systems. Further, CUBE Dynasim is also micro simulation software. It is created by Dynalogic in France and integrated in CUBE by Citilabs, UK. However, this software is relatively new compared to PARAMICS, AIMSUN NG or VISSIM. It is able to model multi nodes and multi modals transport system. The version of software used in this research is CUBE Dynasim 1.4.9 released in 2004 aaSIDRA 2.0 version 2.0.0.205. / Thesis (MTransportSysEngineering)--University of South Australia, 2005.

This research focuses on the analysis of pictorial images from objects of Germanic/early Scandinavian cultures in order to discriminate elements which are only applied for decorative reasons from those which also express symbolic values. At the outset I introduced an interpretation of the terms �signs� and �symbols� in order to inform the reader to which extent these terms were applied. It appeared that techniques, such as the geographical and chronological classification, traditionally used by archaeologists and historians to analyse objects/artefacts, were not always sufficient enough to gain all information which images may offer. Sometimes it seems to be difficult to determine if certain images shown on objects from early mediaeval, central and northern European origin, were created as a space-filling decoration only or if they held additional, probably symbolic, information as well. I have investigated aspects from visual perception, as applied within the domains of psychology, visual art and design. The methods, as they are introduced in this thesis, can be used as a identification scheme, applied on objects of great diversity. I have applied them on guldgubber (little embossed gold foils), bracteates and Gotland picture-stones. Objects of great historical and geographic difference, as well as physical diversity, such as size and material were chosen purposely to create an overview of the symbolic expressions in Germanic/early Scandinavian artefacts and to test the extent of the identification method derived from the domain of visual perception. A detailed analysis of sixty four guldgubber, found in Lundeborg, near Gudme, on the island of Fyn (Denmark), is placed in an appendix. An analysis of these objects appeared to be particularly interesting because it is not known what the purpose of guldgubber were to the present day.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2007. / Principal faculty advisor: Joel Best, Dept. of Sociology & Criminal Justice. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio University, June, 1998. / Title from PDF t.p.