The purpose of this study is to examine how preschool teachers work with signs as alternative and additional communication in preschool to promote the development of children's language development. My questions of issue are how do preschool teachers use signs as alternative and additional communication in preschool, how do the teachers motivate and describe their work and what experiences does the preschool teachers have with signs as alternative and additional communication in preschool? My method of this study has been qualitative where interviews were made with six preschool teachers. To analyze the result of the interviews I have used the socio-cultural perspective by Vygotskij, that describes how important the language and interaction between people are. I also used Vygotskijs model the nearest development zone to analyze the importance of interplay between the preschool teachers and children. I have also used previous research and studies to strengthen my study. The study results are that all preschool teachers work with signs as alternative and additional communication with the purpose to develop all children’s communication. All the teachers had good experiences and a positive attitude to signs as language development for children. The preschool teachers consider it necessary to have more education in signs and to get follow-up of their work.

Aprender decorre da interpretação que cada pessoa faz do que está a sua volta e lhe emite signos. Este pressuposto norteou a construção deste texto, a partir de uma prática docente desenvolvida em duas turmas de estudantes do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental, por meio da qual se propôs a elaboração do conceito de fração, levando-se em consideração diferentes contextos e significados para essa forma de representação dos números racionais. Os estudantes, em geral, apresentaram elementos indicadores de uma aprendizagem do conteúdo proposto, não concluída em termos de um acabamento conceitual, visto que a representação fracionária referente ao conceito de número racional é móvel, conforme seu contexto de significação. As constatações e percepções experimentadas nessa prática expressaram-se por meio de um fazer compartilhado entre os alunos, complementado por momentos de reflexão individual, e aqui são relatadas por meio da análise dos registros e produções realizadas. Enquanto professor-pesquisador, acompanhado de Deleuze, percebi-me como alguém, cujo fazer docente em um cotidiano de vivências de afetos e decifração de signos altera-se e me afeta de maneira contínua. / Learning derives from the interpretation that each person makes of what surrounds him or her and emits signs. This assumption guided the construction of this text, based on a teaching experience carried out in two classes of sixth grade elementary school students, through which the elaboration of the concept of fraction was proposed, taking into account the different contexts and meanings of this form of representation of rational numbers. In general, the students presented elements that indicate that they learned the proposed content, although not finished in terms of its conceptual completion, considering that the fractional representation of the concept of rational numbers is mobile, according to the context of its meaning. The findings and perceptions experienced in such a practice were expressed through a shared performance among the students, which was complemented by moments of individual reflection, and are reported here through the analysis of records and productions made. As a teacher-researcher, accompanied by Deleuze, I realized myself as a person continuously changed and affected by teaching in a daily life of affections and decipherment of signs.

This study examined the attitudes of foreigners towards inaccurately-translated signs in China. Three categories of signs were explored, including menus, restaurants' names and product labels. The researcher studied foreigners' reactions when they saw inaccurately-translated signs, the foreigners' preferences toward the bilingual signs and the factors that probably affect foreigners' perspectives on the bilingual signs. The instrument was a questionnaire, with questions about participants' backgrounds and attitudes towards bilingual signs in China. The data was analyzed through descriptive, inferential, and content analyses. The results of the study showed that the participants' Chinese-culture backgrounds most affected their attitudes toward signs most--the participants who had more Chinese background had more willingness to accept inaccurately-translated English on signs. The English translation affected the participants' choices--better English translation could attract more customers. Otherwise, the factor of design and the quality of pictures affected the participants' choices as well.

Aprender decorre da interpretação que cada pessoa faz do que está a sua volta e lhe emite signos. Este pressuposto norteou a construção deste texto, a partir de uma prática docente desenvolvida em duas turmas de estudantes do sexto ano do Ensino Fundamental, por meio da qual se propôs a elaboração do conceito de fração, levando-se em consideração diferentes contextos e significados para essa forma de representação dos números racionais. Os estudantes, em geral, apresentaram elementos indicadores de uma aprendizagem do conteúdo proposto, não concluída em termos de um acabamento conceitual, visto que a representação fracionária referente ao conceito de número racional é móvel, conforme seu contexto de significação. As constatações e percepções experimentadas nessa prática expressaram-se por meio de um fazer compartilhado entre os alunos, complementado por momentos de reflexão individual, e aqui são relatadas por meio da análise dos registros e produções realizadas. Enquanto professor-pesquisador, acompanhado de Deleuze, percebi-me como alguém, cujo fazer docente em um cotidiano de vivências de afetos e decifração de signos altera-se e me afeta de maneira contínua. / Learning derives from the interpretation that each person makes of what surrounds him or her and emits signs. This assumption guided the construction of this text, based on a teaching experience carried out in two classes of sixth grade elementary school students, through which the elaboration of the concept of fraction was proposed, taking into account the different contexts and meanings of this form of representation of rational numbers. In general, the students presented elements that indicate that they learned the proposed content, although not finished in terms of its conceptual completion, considering that the fractional representation of the concept of rational numbers is mobile, according to the context of its meaning. The findings and perceptions experienced in such a practice were expressed through a shared performance among the students, which was complemented by moments of individual reflection, and are reported here through the analysis of records and productions made. As a teacher-researcher, accompanied by Deleuze, I realized myself as a person continuously changed and affected by teaching in a daily life of affections and decipherment of signs.

Esta dissertação é um estudo sobre o cinema de Eugène Green. A sua estrutura se dividirá de acordo com o que se supõe ser - do ponto de vista da recepção do espectador - o aspecto central de seus filmes: de um lado, Green conduzirá o seu espectador a se relacionar com o filme pela via da \"leitura\"; de outro, pela via do \"empirismo\". Essa importante distinção dará início a uma série de desdobramentos que serão tratados ao longo da análise de dez cenas selecionadas dos seus dois primeiros longas metragens: Toutes les nuits (2001) no primeiro capítulo e Le Monde vivant (2003) no segundo. Na conclusão da dissertação, trataremos ainda de uma questão suscitada a partir da colocação, lado a lado, dos dois filmes acima citados. / This dissertation is a study of Eugène Green\'s films. Its structure will be divided according to what we suppose to be - in terms of the spectator\'s reception - the central aspect of his films: on one hand, Green will lead the spectator to establish with the film a connection based on the \"reading\"; on the other hand, a connection based on the \"experience\". This important distinction will be developed throughout the analysis of ten selected scenes from Green\'s first two feature films: Toutes les nuits (2001) in the first chapter, and Le Monde vivant (2003) in the second. At the end of the dissertation, a final question will be brought to light by putting together both films.

Road safety is an aspect of major concern on road networks, not only on a local scale in South Africa, but also on a global scale. South Africa is experiencing an unacceptably high rate of fatal road traffic crashes and as a result has one of the highest per capita rate of road fatalities in the world. The Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011 – 2020 was published in 2011 by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to guide and assist countries with the improvement of road safety. The management of vehicle speeds is one of numerous important interventions identified in the Global Plan. The technical and economic feasibility of using a specific Road safety is an aspect of major concern on road networks, not only on a local scale in South Africa, but also on a global scale. South Africa is experiencing an unacceptably high rate of fatal road traffic crashes and as a result has one of the highest per capita rate of road fatalities in the world. The Global Plan for the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011 – 2020 was published in 2011 by the World Health Organisation (WHO) to guide and assist countries with the improvement of road safety. The management of vehicle speeds is one of numerous important interventions identified in the Global Plan. The technical and economic feasibility of using a specific technology, namely Vehicle Activated Signs (VAS), to contribute to the overall improvement of road safety on a national level in South Africa were investigated, with particular emphasis on the improvement of road safety through the reduction of fatal road traffic crashes. VAS are part of a range of measures that can be used to curb vehicle speeds, similar to conventional measures like speed cameras and traffic calming devices. VAS technology has seen limited use in South extrapolation of results from SCC’s VAS effectiveness study, and the application of these results to the South African road safety and road user statistics for the one year period March 2011 to March 2012. Key factors relating to speed and general driver obedience were also taken into consideration. It was established that the use of VAS would lead to a moderate reduction in the number of fatal road traffic crashes that occur annually, which in turn holds financial and socio-economic benefits for South Africa. A comparison of selected products available from two South African based electronic road sign manufacturing companies with conventional VAS was also carried out, focussing on product function, use and cost. It has been concluded that it would be technically and economically feasible to introduce VAS on the South African road network to improve the prevailing road safety situation.

The objective of this research is to investigate different propagation models to determine if specified models accurately predict received signal levels for short path 900 MHz spread spectrum radio systems. The City of Denton, Texas provided data and physical facilities used in the course of this study. The literature review indicates that propagation models have not been studied specifically for short path spread spectrum radio systems. This work should provide guidelines and be a useful example for planning and implementing such radio systems. The propagation model involves the following considerations: analysis of intervening terrain, path length, and fixed system gains and losses.

Relevance has been applied to various conditions in the marketing literature but no single definition has been developed. A single clear definition will be helpful to researchers investigating relevance in the marketing and consumer behavior fields. Confusion also exists in the literature regarding to what extent a symbolic visual in an advertisement is relevant. Many researchers are also calling for empirical evidence of a linkage between relevance and response through a theoretical measure of relevance. The central theory used in this dissertation is Sperber and Wilson's (1995) theory of relevance (TOR). TOR can help researchers and marketing managers by explaining how consumers may interpret visuals in advertising. TOR explains why some visuals thought to be unconnected with the product become relevant in advertising. This study makes the assertion that TOR has been underutilized and even ignored by some researchers in past marketing literature. Thus, TOR is used to provide greater explanatory power of consumers' interpretation and response to advertising visuals than what is currently realized by researchers and marketing managers. A reliable measure of relevance was developed using TOR as a foundation. Experiments were conducted to empirically test TOR and support was found for most aspects of the theory. This dissertation makes several contributions to the consumer behavior literature. These contributions include: 1) clarifying the definition of relevance in advertising, 2) developing a tentative measure of relevance, 3) providing an explanation of how non-relevant visuals produce effects expected for relevant visuals as occurred in experiments conducted by Mitchell and Olson (1981) and Miniard, Bhatla, Lord, Dickson and Unnava (1991), 4) showing how relevance of symbolic visuals in advertisements relates to specific consumer responses, and 5) offering suggestions for how the theory of relevance can be used by researchers and marketing managers to gain a better understanding of consumers' interpretation of advertising visuals.

This diploma thesis is focused on the comparison of perception of traffic signs and advertising areas in two different conditions day and night with focus on visual distraction of the driver. The introductory part deals with the analysis of the current state of the elements acting on the driver with an emphasis on mental processes and the senses of drivers affecting traffic safety. The analytical part draws on the videos from driving tests, the whose goals was to monitor the optical reactions of drivers. The resulting data were evaluated with goal to determine the time consuming views of the drivers on individual elements and the compared in different conditions. The last chapter includes the interpretation of the results of the analysis with suggestion of their use to increase traffic safety.

Mini-dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / tm2015 / Music / MMus / Unrestricted