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Uma generalização da distribuição do índice de diversidade generalizada por Good com aplicação em Ciências AgráriasSANTOS, Vanessa Kelly dos 23 March 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-03-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Diversity as a concept was first introduced by Williams in Fisher et al. (1943). Later, Good (1953, 1982) proposed a generalized index that included as special cases both Shannon’s and Simpson’s indices. Baczkowski et al. (1997, 1998) generalized the proposed generalization deriving the first four moments and then obtaining a distribution prior to the general index for Good (BACZKOWSKI et al., 2000). Therefore, is proposed a new generalization that, in addition to the indices the Shannon and Simpson as special cases, includes more general indices such as the unfamiliar (PATIL & TAILIIE, 1982). The moments of h(a,b,d) presented here extend the results presented in Baczkowski et al. and Bowman et al. for a class of diversity indices of more general and it is concluded then that while the distribution of index Shannon can be approximated by a Gaussian distribution, if any difference between abundance of species, to more general values of (a,b,d), it is suggested a distribution of type I as the most appropriated. The results are also consistent with those presented for real populations, as in Heip & Engels (1974), especially when it examines the index of Shannon. / A diversidade como um conceito foi inicialmente introduzida por Williams em Fisher et al. (1943). Mais tarde, Good (1953, 1982) propôs um índice generalizado que incluía como casos especiais os índices de Shannon e o de Simpson. Baczkowski et al. (1997, 1998) propuseram generalizar essa generalização derivando os quatro primeiros momentos e obtendo assim uma distribuição para o índice antes generalizado por Good (BACZKOWSKI et al., 2000). Sendo assim, apresenta-se uma nova generalização que, além de ter os índices de Shannon e Simpson como casos especiais, engloba índices mais gerais como o não familiar (PATIL & TAILIIE, 1982). Os momentos de h(a,b,d) aqui apresentados estendem os resultados apresentados em Baczkowski et al. e Bowman et al. para uma classe de índices de diversidade mais geral, concluindo-se então que enquanto a distribuição do índice de Shannon pode ser aproximado por uma distribuição Gaussiana, caso haja diferença entre abundância de espécies, para valores mais gerais de (a,b,d), sugere-se uma distribuição do tipo I como sendo a mais apropriada. Os resultados obtidos são tão consistentes quanto os de trabalhos que lidam com populações reais como em Heip & Engels (1974), principalmente quando examina-se o índice de Shannon.
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Religious Diversity in the Southeastern United States: An Exercise in Mapping Religious Diversity in the Region from 1980-2010Greene, Richard Royce, Jr. 10 June 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Reconstructing the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event through brachiopods of OklahomaTrubovitz, Sarah, 23 September 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE NÓDULOS PULMONARES SOLITÁRIOS UTILIZANDO ÍNDICE DE SIMPSON E MÁQUINA DE VETORES DE SUPORTE. / CHARACTERIZATION OF SOLID PULMONARY NODULES USING SIMPSON INDEX AND VECTOR MACHINE SUPPORT.SILVA, Cleriston Araújo da 12 February 2009 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-12 / The diagnosis of lung nodules has been constantly looked for by researchers as
a way to minimize the high global mortality indices related to lung cancer. The
usage of medical images, such as Computerized Tomography, has made
possible the deepening and the improvement of techniques used to evaluate
exams and provide diagnosis. This work presents a methodology for diagnosing
single lung nodules that can be an aid for studies performed on similar areas
and for specialists. This methodology was applied to two different image
databases. The representation of the nodules was done with extraction of
geometry and texture features, being the last one described through Simpson’s
Index, a statistic used in Spatial Analysis and in Ecology. These features were
submitted to the Support Vector Machine classifier (SVM) in two approaches:
the traditional approach and the approach by using One Class. With the
traditional SVM approach, we have obtained sensibility rates of 90%, specificity
of 96.67% and accuracy of 95%. Using One Class SVM, the obtained rates
were: sensibility of 89.7%, specificity of 89.7% and accuracy of 89.7%. / O diagnóstico de nódulos pulmonares tem sido buscado constantemente por
pesquisadores como forma de amenizar os altos índices de mortalidade
mundial relacionado ao câncer de pulmão. O uso de imagens médicas, como a
Tomografia Computadorizada, tem possibilitado um aprofundamento e
melhoramento de técnicas para avaliar exames e prover diagnósticos. Este
trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para diagnóstico de nódulos pulmonares
solitários que possa servir como um auxílio para estudos realizados em áreas
afins e para especialistas. Esta metodologia foi aplicada a duas diferentes
bases de dados de imagens. A representação dos nódulos foi feita com a
extração de medidas de geometria e de textura sendo esta última descrita
através do Índice de Simpson, uma estatística utilizada na Análise Espacial e
na Ecologia. Essas medidas foram submetidas ao classificador Máquina de
Vetores de Suporte - MVS em duas abordagens: a abordagem tradicional e
abordagem usando uma classe. Com abordagem MVS tradicional, obtiveramse taxas de sensibilidade de 90%, especificidade de 96,67% e acurácia de
95%. Usando MVS de uma classe, as taxas obtidas foram: sensibilidade igual a
89,7%, especificidade igual a 89,7% e acurácia igual a 89,7%.
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Tourisme et vulgarisation historique dans le milieu artistique montréalais : étude des recueils Old Montreal d'Herbert Raine et Le Vieux Montréal historique de Georges Delfosse et Croquis Montréalais de Charles Walter SimpsonMatte, Gabrielle January 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Plusieurs bâtiments érigés dans la plus vieille partie de la ville de Montréal sont, entre les années 1913 et 1929, menacés de disparition. Les modifications apportées au paysage urbain, la construction de structures dues au développement commercial et au mouvement de la population sont permanentes et ont un impact visible sur le patrimoine montréalais alors en définition. Des préoccupations envers la préservation de cette richesse historique se manifestent à cette époque, dans les milieux académiques, commerciaux et artistiques. Ces enjeux ainsi que l'iconographie documentaire qui en découle seront d'abord exposés, à travers l'étude des photographies de journaux et de brochures touristiques. Plusieurs acteurs au sein d'organisations différentes partagent les mêmes points d'intérêt. Ainsi, les efforts d'historiens se combineront à ceux des artistes, afin de publiciser la ville et de présenter les bâtiments dignes d'intérêt. Les éditeurs ne sont pas en reste dans ces interventions artistiques, puisque les trois documents étudiés, Old Montreal, d'Herbert Raine, Le Vieux Montréal historique de Georges Delfosse et Croquis Montréalais de Charles Walter Simpson ont été largement diffusés, un peu à la manière des brochures touristiques. Nous comprenons, suite à l'étude de ces documents visuels qu'il existe un « discours visuel », soutenu par une rhétorique faite d'oppositions. Celle-ci présente Montréal comme deux villes en une seule. Ainsi la métropole est-elle
digne d'intérêt puisqu'à la fois européenne et américaine, française et anglaise, ancienne et moderne. Ces séries de qualificatifs caractérisent le discours touristique montréalais, du début du 20e siècle, jusqu'à nos jours. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : H. Raine, G. Delfosse, C. W. Simpson, Vieux-Montréal, Tourisme, Patrimoine.
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Exploring patterns of phytodiversity, ethnobotany, plant geography and vegetation in the mountains of Miandam, Swat, Northern PakistanAkhtar, Naveed 21 August 2014 (has links)
Das Miandam-Untersuchungsgebiet (35° 1′- 5′ N, 72° 30′-37′ E) liegt in der Swat-Region der Provinz Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (ehemals North West Frontier Province) im nördlichen Pakistan. Die vorliegende Arbeit berücksichtigt sowohl ethnobotanische und pflanzensoziologische Aspekte als auch die Pflanzenartendiversität innerhalb des Gebietes.
Aufgrund der hohen Habitatvielfalt weist das Miandam-Gebiet einen großen Reichtum von Medizinalpflanzen auf. Die im Rahmen der Arbeit durchgeführte ethnobotanische Studie dokumentiert das Vorkommen der Medizinalpflanzen sowie deren Nutzung in der Region. Weiterhin wurden die durch Sammlerpräferierten Lebensräume bestimmt und evaluiert inwiefern die Heilpflanzen durch Sammlung und Habitatzerstörung bedroht werden. Insgesamt wurden 106 traditionelle Heilpflanzen aus 54 Pflanzenfamilien verzeichnet. Zu den am häufigsten gefundenen Wuchsformen zählten mehrjährige (43%) und kurzlebige Kräuter (23%), Sträucher (16%) und Bäume (15%). Ein Großteil der untersuchten Heilpflanzen und ihrer Produkte wird zur Behandlung von Magen-Darm-Erkrankungen eingesetzt. Die Produkte werden vorrangig als Sud oder Pulver zubereitet und oral angewendet. Achtzig der 106 traditionellen Heilpflanzen gehören der Gruppe der einheimischen Arten an. Fast 50% der Pflanzenarten treten dabei in synanthroper Vegetation auf, während der Rest in naturnaher Umgebung (z.B. extensiv beweidete Wald- und Graslandbereiche) vorgefunden werden kann. Wälder sind der Ursprung der meisten nicht synanthropen einheimischen Medizinalpflanzen. Drei Arten (Aconitum violaceum, Colchicum luteum, Jasminum humile) können als Folge intensiven Sammelns als bedroht eingestuft werden.
Um die pflanzensoziologischen und phytogeografischen Aspekte des Projektes abzudecken wurde die Vegetation des Miandam-Gebietes mit einem Fokus auf Wäldern, Gebüschen und anderen Formationen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Vegetationserhebungen wurden mit denen anderer Studien in der weiteren Umgebung des Hindukush-Himalayas verglichen. Weiterhin wurde untersucht inwiefern die Waldökosysteme durch anthropogene Aktivitäten im Untersuchungsgebiet bedroht sind. Die im Gebiet verzeichneten Gefäßpflanzenarten umfassen insgesamt 33 Bäume, 52 Sträucher, 305 Kräuter und 11 Lianen. Basierend auf einer multivariaten Analyse konnten 12 Pflanzengesellschaften identifiziert werden. Die Spanne dieser Gesellschaften reichte von subtropischen semiariden Wäldern mit Ailanthus altissima im Tiefland zu alpinen Rasen von Sibbaldia cuneata durchsetzt mit Juniperus. Die dominierende Vegetation des Untersuchungsgebietes besteht aus von Abies pindrow und Viburnum grandiflorum Wäldern. Eine georeferenzierte Karte der Vegetation erleichtert die Lokalisierung der ökologisch interessanten Vegetation.
Artenreichtum und –diversität wurden entlang eines Höhengradienten untersucht. Dazu wurde die Alpha- sowie Beta-Diversität verschiedener Wuchsformtypen bestimmt. Der Artenreichtum aller Gefäßpflanzenarten erreichte sein Maximum zwischen 2200-2500 m. Dagegen zeigte der Artenreichtum der Sträucher einen glockenkurvenartigen Verlauf mit einem Maximum zwischen 2000 und 2200 m. Die höchste Alpha-Diversität der Gefäßpflanzenarten wurde in den tieferen Lagen des Untersuchungsgebietes verzeichnet. Die Beta-Diversität aller Wuchsformtypen zeigte entlang des gesamten Höhengradienten hohe Werte und somit einen starken Artenwechsel. Die Beta-Diversität der Straucharten fluktuiert entlang des Höhengradienten und zeigt damit ein einzigartiges Muster.
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It's a living the post-war redevelopment of the American working class novel /Hardman, Stephen. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Title taken from PDF title screen (viewed October 5, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-256).
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It's a living : the post-war redevelopment of the American working class novel : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the University of Canterbury /Hardman, Stephen. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-256). Also available via the World Wide Web.
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Comedy of the Impossible : The Power of Play in Post-war European Theatre / La Comédie de l’impossible : la force du jeu dans le théâtre européen de l’après-guerreStreet, Anna 05 December 2016 (has links)
En retraçant le développement des théories de la comédie dans la philosophie occidentale, cette thèse avance que des préjugés l’ont empêchée d’être reconnue comme un genre littéraire sérieux. Il est montré que la place donnée à la comédie comme genre mineur pendant plus de deux mille ans correspond à un modèle éthique qui affirme, en distinguant le réel de l'Idéal, une vision néo-platonicienne de l'existence. Partant de l’analyse d’un phénomène théâtral précis dans l’Europe de l’après-guerre et à travers de nombreux exemples choisis parmi des pièces de cinq dramaturges différents, cette thèse propose trois principaux critères de la comédie : le statut ontologique des personnages comiques, la relation paradoxale de la comédie au monde des apparences, et son aptitude à permettre l'impossible. Opérant ainsi un renversement total des systèmes de valeurs et remettant en question une vision binaire, la comédie brouille les clivages entre l’abstrait et le concret, le mécanique et l’organique, et au bout du compte entre la vie et la mort. Il est démontré comment ce renversement s’accomplit de manière linguistique, métaphorique ou encore dramaturgique. L’étude conclut que la comédie bouleverse l'ordre socio-symbolique qui repose sur la logique du possible. / By tracing the development of theories of comedy within Western philosophy, this thesis claims that anti-comic prejudices prevented comedy from being recognized as a serious genre. Comedy’s inferior status for over two thousand years is shown to correspond to an ethical model that distinguishes the real from the Ideal and affirms a Neo-Platonic vision of existence. Through numerous examples taken from a particular phenomenon of post-war European theatre comprising five different playwrights, this thesis proposes three primary characteristics of comedy: the ontological instability of comic characters, comedy’s paradoxical relation to the world of appearances, and comedy’s willingness to accommodate the impossible. By throwing binaries into question and promoting a complete reversal of dominant value systems, comedy blurs the lines of distinction between the abstract and the concrete, the mechanical and the organic and, ultimately, between life and death. Demonstrating how this reversal is accomplished linguistically, metaphorically, or dramaturgically, this study concludes that comedy subverts the socio-symbolic order that relies upon the logic of possibility.
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Model Based Analysis of Clonal Developments Allows for Early Detection of Monoclonal Conversion and LeukemiaBaldow, Christoph, Thielecke, Lars, Glauche, Ingmar 28 March 2017 (has links)
The availability of several methods to unambiguously mark individual cells has strongly fostered the understanding of clonal developments in hematopoiesis and other stem cell driven regenerative tissues. While cellular barcoding is the method of choice for experimental studies, patients that underwent gene therapy carry a unique insertional mark within the transplanted cells originating from the integration of the retroviral vector. Close monitoring of such patients allows accessing their clonal dynamics, however, the early detection of events that predict monoclonal conversion and potentially the onset of leukemia are beneficial for treatment. We developed a simple mathematical model of a self-stabilizing hematopoietic stem cell population to generate a wide range of possible clonal developments, reproducing typical, experimentally and clinically observed scenarios. We use the resulting model scenarios to suggest and test a set of statistical measures that should allow for an interpretation and classification of relevant clonal dynamics. Apart from the assessment of several established diversity indices we suggest a measure that quantifies the extension to which the increase in the size of one clone is attributed to the total loss in the size of all other clones. By evaluating the change in relative clone sizes between consecutive measurements, the suggested measure, referred to as maximum relative clonal expansion (mRCE), proves to be highly sensitive in the detection of rapidly expanding cell clones prior to their dominant manifestation. This predictive potential places the mRCE as a suitable means for the early recognition of leukemogenesis especially in gene therapy patients that are closely monitored. Our model based approach illustrates how simulation studies can actively support the design and evaluation of preclinical strategies for the analysis and risk evaluation of clonal developments.
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