In this thesis the author analyses the changes in the view of the British Royal Family in general public during the 20th century. Given the extensiveness of the topic, the author focuses on two crisis situations - so called "Simpson Affair" - the abdication of King Edward VIII in 1936 and his relationship with divorced American Wallis Simpson, and so called "Annus Horribilis" - the divorce of the successor to the throne prince Charles and princess Diana Spencer. The author analyses changes in perception of the role of British Royal Family in life of British nation and its role within British general public. Author works with unpublished sources (mainly from the archive materials gathered from the sources of the Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Czech Republic and the National Archives in London - Kew, with published sources and extensive specialized literature mostly from British provenience. Keywords Great Britain, Monarchy, Royal Family, Edward VIII, Wallis Simpson, Elizabeth II, Prince Charles, Diana Spencer, General Public

Submitted by Maria Aparecida (cidazen@gmail.com) on 2017-08-21T14:59:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Pereira.pdf: 3105574 bytes, checksum: 06e2fe68d48179a3c62a46e447b82513 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-21T14:59:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Pereira.pdf: 3105574 bytes, checksum: 06e2fe68d48179a3c62a46e447b82513 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-20 / Breast cancer is one of the major causes of mortality among women throughout the world. Presently, the analysis of breast radiography is the most used method to early detection of this kind of cancer. It enables the identification of anomalies at their initial stage, which is a fundamental factor for success in the treatment. The sensitivity of this kind of exam, although, depends on several factors, such as the size and the location of the abnormalities, density of the breast tissue, quality of the technical resources and radiologist's ability. This work presents a methodology that uses the K-Means clustering algorithm and the Template Matching technique for segmentation of suspicious regions. Next, geometry and texture features are extracted from each of these regions, being the texture described by the Simpson's Diversity Index, a statistic used in Ecology to measure the biodiversity of an ecosystem. Finally, this information is submitted to a Support Vector Machine so that the suspicious regions are classified into masses and non-masses. The methodology was tested with 650 mammographic images from the DDSM database, achieving 83.94% of accuracy, 83.24% of sensibility and 84.14% of specificity in average. / O câncer de mama é uma das maiores causas de mortalidade entre as mulheres no mundo todo. Atualmente, a análise da radiografia da mama é o recurso mais utilizado na detecção precoce desse tipo de câncer, pois possibilita a identificação de anomalias em sua fase inicial, fator fundamental para o sucesso do tratamento. A sensibilidade desse tipo de exame, no entanto, depende de diversos fatores, tais como tamanho e localização das anomalias, densidade do tecido mamário, qualidade dos recursos técnicos e habilidade do radiologista. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para detecção de massas em imagens digitais de mamografias que poderá auxiliar o especialista em sua análise. O método proposto utiliza o algoritmo de agrupamento K-Means e a técnica de Template Matching para segmentar as regiões suspeitas de conterem massas. Em seguida, medidas de geometria e textura são extraídas de cada uma dessas regiões, sendo a textura descrita através do Índice de Diversidade de Simpson, uma estatística usada na Ecologia para mensurar a biodiversidade de um ecossistema. Finalmente, essas informações são submetidas a uma Máquina de Vetores de Suporte para que as regiões suspeitas sejam classificadas em massas ou não massas. A metodologia foi testada com 650 imagens mamográficas obtidas da base de dados DDSM, atingindo 83,94% de acurácia, 83,24% de sensibilidade, e 84,14% de especificidade em média.

Soit $M$ une variété projective lisse. Soit $\mathscr{F}$ une filtration holomorphe sur $M$, c'est à dire une filtration d'un fibré vectoriel holomorphe $\mathcal{F}$ induite par des sous-fibrés. Nous introduisons une notion de Gieseker stabilité pour de tels objets puis donnons une condition analytique équivalente en terme de métriques sur $\mathcal{F}$, dites équilibrées au sens de S.K. Donaldson, provenant d'une construction de la Théorie des Invariants Géométriques. Si le fibré $\mathcal{F}$ peut être muni d'une métrique $h$ solution de l'équation $\boldsymbol{\tau}$-Hermite-Einstein étudiée par \'lvarez-C\'{o}nsul et Garc\'a-Prada:<br />$$\sqrt\Lambda F_h = \sum_i \widetilde_i\pi^_$$<br />alors nous prouvons que la suite de métriques équilibrées existe, converge et sa limite est, à un changement conforme, solution de l'équation précédente. De ce résultat nous déduisons, par réduction dimensionnelle, un théorème d'approximation dans le cas des équations Vortex de Bradlow ainsi que leurs généralisations aux équations couplées Vortex.

Les données issues de la télédétection couplées à des approches de type système d'information géographique sont d'un grand intérêt potentiel pour l'aménagement forestier. Le but de cette recherche est dans un premier temps de fournir une cartographie utilisable des espèces forestières dominantes à l'échelle du pixel, en utilisant des méthodes éprouvées de la télédétection. Le site d'étude choisi est le versant sud du Mont Ventoux, une montagne méditerranéenne présentant une forte biodiversité forestière. Les travaux relatés dans la première partie ont permis de réaliser des cartographies discriminantes des espèces forestières à partir des données satellitaires (Spot 5) par classification supervisée et non supervisée, en lien avec des relevés terrains. La pertinence de ces méthodes pour la cartographie de la couverture forestière est évaluée et discutée, l'objectif étant d'identifier les conditions optimales en fonction de la résolution spatiale et de la bande spectrale pour la discrimination des espèces forestières majeures du Mont Ventoux. Ce travail nous a ensuite amenés à proposer une méthode originale de mesure de la variabilité de la biodiversité à l'aide de 4 indices classiques : indices de Shannon, de Simpson, de Richesse et de Dominance. L'approche a été appliquée en utilisant deux descripteurs de la biodiversité : l'indice de végétation normalisé (NDVI) et la diversité en espèces forestières. Cette méthode inédite permet, grâce au recours à différentes images de résolutions spatiales imbriquées et à un processus systématique d'agrégation, d'extraire la part de biodiversité (alpha et bêta) due à la structure spatiale, en éliminant l'effet du support spatial, composante déterminante du Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP). Nous discutons également dans cette recherche de la capacité de notre méthode à extraire, une « échelle pertinente » de mesure de la diversité.

Hydrogeologic investigations were conducted on the drainage systems of an area of the Pennyroyal sinkhole plain of south central Kentucky. The degree of karstification of five area streams was studied to develop an understanding of the evolution of drainage as the landscape changes from a sandstone caprock plateau to a limestone sinkhole plain. The Chester Upland, capped by the Big Clifty Sandstone, possesses predominantly surface drainage and the Pennyroyal Plain, formed on Mississippian limestones, possesses considerable subsurface drainage. As the Chester Upland Escarpment retreats and surface streams are onto the limestones, the streams evolve to become subsurface streams. The five streams observed in the study (all flowing on limestones) demonstrated less karst development close to the Chester Escarpment and more karst development with increasing distance from the escarpment. Sediments derived from the escarpment and plateau blanket the stream beds thus perching the streams and preventing chemically aggressive water from forming karst solution features in the limestones. The streams farther away from the escarpment are removed from the sediment source and are therefore able to downcut into the limestone and invade the subsurface to become cave streams. Lithologic investigation of limestones exposed in stream beds revealed that minor resistant units can act to diminish downcutting and maintain short sections of surface flow. The stream investigated was not flowing on a perching layer, but instead was held on the surface by a stratigraphic control (spillover layer) that prevented subterranean stream invasion. Dye traces conducted on groundwater flow in the sinkhole plain revealed that the area drainage pattern is changing as surface streams invade the subsurface and that integration between drainage basins is taking place. Stream piracy and stream diversion are occurring in the subsurface causing alteration of the existing topographic drainage divides that developed before the surface streams invaded the subsurface. A general model is presented which shows the evolution of surface drainage to subsurface drainage, as the Chester Escarpment continues its northwestward retreat.

This thesis studies the relationships between newcomers employed by the Hudson’s Bay Company at Fort Simpson and the Ts’msyen people who came to live outside the fort from its establishment in Ts’msyen territory in 1834 until the founding of a Christian Ts’msyen village at Metlakatla in 1862. I argue that a mutually intelligible – if not equally understood – world was developed at this site in which the lives of these newcomers and local Ts’msyen people became intertwined and somewhat interdependent. While this world was not characterized by universal conditions of fellowship and trust it did involve shared Ts’msyen-newcomer participation in significant cultural activities, the repurposing or remaking of each other’s customs, and jointly developed practices in which customs from both groups were intermingled. I propose that some of these practices, particularly those of law and marriage, can be considered as culturally hybrid. This study suggests the compromised position of the HBC on the northern Northwest Coast, Ts’msyen cultural disposition, and dynamics of power within and between these groups fostered the development a mutually intelligible world and hybrid Ts’msyen-newcomer practices. Far from any centre of British power, greatly outnumbered by the Ts’msyen, and soon out-armed, the newcomers of Fort Simpson were particularly vulnerable. Ts’msyen people, it is claimed, generally valued innovation and had a long-established system for acquiring ownership of changes brought from outside into their communities. Ts’msyen women had a special role in this process. Moreover, both the Ts’msyen and the newcomers had hierarchically structured societies in which displays of power and authority were important. These local circumstances were fundamental to the formation of the hybrid institutions of marriage and law at Fort Simpson/Laxłgu’alaams and to the other complex social and cultural interactions of the two groups documented here. While this study acknowledges that Ts’msyen and newcomer people had distinct motivations for entering relationships with each other, for sharing and cross-participating in customs of the other, and for developing new joint and hybrid practices, it argues that for both groups power and authority were crucial factors. The distinct circumstances which made a mutually intelligible world possible at Fort Simpson/Laxłgu’alaams came to an end in 1862. The return of smallpox in Ts’msyen territory, the removal of the missionary William Duncan and his followers from Fort Simpson to Metlakatla, and the increasing colonial regulation of Indigenous people brought an end to the brief period of accommodation and collaboration between HBC newcomers and Ts’msyen people.

The Simpson Mountains have long been of economic interest and have renewed interest in their potential value. Field mapping of the project area redefined structural relationships between stratigraphic units. Geometric and kinematic analysis of structures in the Simpson Mountains show the range is deformed by the three most recent tectonic events: the Sevier Orogeny, the Laramide Orogeny, and Basin and Range Extension. Laramide structures define the range with a significant E-W normal fault and an E-W thrust fault, which are both likely related to Eocene-age igneous intrusions. Principal component analysis (PCA) of regional quartzite X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) data resulted in distinctive populations between the Eureka Quartzite and the Mutual and Prospect Mountain Quartzites. The PCA was paired with petrographic analysis of regional quartzites where samples were diagnostically classified to help validate the PCA results. XRF analysis of volcanic rocks show volcanic arc origin. 40Ar/39Ar dating of the volcanic rocks associated with the intrusions yield new ages of 34.09±0.10 to 37.05±0.06 Ma and 19.11±0.02 to 19.18±0.03. Lithostratigraphy of the map area was validated by identification of fossil samples. The Eocene intrusions are likely sources of mineralization in the range along older Sevier structures.

Au regard des restrictions à l’incarcération introduites par l’adoption de la Loi sur le système de justice pénale pour les adolescents (LSJPA), au Centre jeunesse de Montréal - Institut universitaire (CJM-IU), s’est amorcée en 2005 la mise sur pied du programme de suivis intensifs différenciés (SID) dans la communauté. Notre stage de maitrise en intervention clinique avait comme objectifs : de participer à la mise en œuvre transversale du programme SID, de contribuer à son intégrité, de supporter les intervenants y étant associés ainsi que de bonifier le processus de référence de ce programme en développant un outil d’évaluation. Suite à cette expérience, il nous semblait nécessaire d’entreprendre une réflexion sur la situation d’implantation du programme SID, plus précisément de faire une évaluation de type formatif et constructif du niveau de concordance entre son modèle théorique et son application au quotidien ainsi que des obstacles rencontrés. Une méthodologie qualitative est apparue appropriée pour produire le matériel. Deux techniques ont été utilisées, l’observation participante sur le terrain et l’analyse du contenu de documents écrits (procès-verbaux rédigés après certains comités). Pour structurer l’ensemble du présent rapport de stage, nous avons retenu le concept de plan d’action d’un programme proposé par Chen, dont les six composantes servent de grille à l’évaluation et aident à avoir une vue globale de son implantation, ainsi que le modèle de changement de programme de la TCU (pour Texas Christian University), qui inclut les principaux stades de changement et les facteurs, aux niveaux individuel, organisationnel et du programme en soi, favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre d’innovations avec succès. À la lumière de notre analyse, nous considérons qu’il serait possible de surmonter ce qui gêne l’application du programme SID et qu’il ne serait pas obligatoire de faire des changements majeurs à sa théorie. Nous nous sommes permis de suggérer des ajustements qui pourraient être apportés au processus d’implantation de ce programme. En conclusion, nous estimons que la mise en œuvre du programme SID pourrait être réussie seulement si les conditions propices étaient réunies. Toutefois, selon nous, il y aura toujours certaines contraintes avec lesquelles il faudra composer. / In 2005, in the wake of the adoption of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) and its attendant restrictions on incarceration, the Centre jeunesse de Montréal - Institut universitaire (CJM-IU) [Montreal youth centre - University institute] launched a community-oriented intensive differential case management program (IDCMP). The clinical internship reported here had the following objectives: allow participation in the cross-sectional implementation of the program, improve the program’s robustness, support program specialists, and develop an assessment tool that would improve this program’s referral process. The results of this internship indicated the necessity of reviewing the IDCMP’s implementation process, specifically through constructive, pedagogical assessment of the congruence of the plan’s theoretical model and day-to-day application, as well of the obstacles encountered. A qualitative methodology appeared appropriate for these purposes. Two techniques were used: field participant observation, and content analysis of written documents (committee minutes). Chen's Program Action Model and the Texas Christian University (TCU) Program Change Model provided the conceptual framework for the internship report. The former’s six components were the basis for an assessment checklist and oriented the global overview of the implementation of the IDCMP, while the latter provided a model of the main stages of change and the individual, organizational, and program-specific factors that favour or hinder innovation. The results indicate that overcoming obstacles to the application of the IDCMP would not require any significant changes to the program’s underlying theoretical basis. Modifications of the program’s implementation process are presented. In conclusion, we consider that the successful implementation of the IDCMP is dependent on certain conditions, and will always be subject to constraints.

Au regard des restrictions à l’incarcération introduites par l’adoption de la Loi sur le système de justice pénale pour les adolescents (LSJPA), au Centre jeunesse de Montréal - Institut universitaire (CJM-IU), s’est amorcée en 2005 la mise sur pied du programme de suivis intensifs différenciés (SID) dans la communauté. Notre stage de maitrise en intervention clinique avait comme objectifs : de participer à la mise en œuvre transversale du programme SID, de contribuer à son intégrité, de supporter les intervenants y étant associés ainsi que de bonifier le processus de référence de ce programme en développant un outil d’évaluation. Suite à cette expérience, il nous semblait nécessaire d’entreprendre une réflexion sur la situation d’implantation du programme SID, plus précisément de faire une évaluation de type formatif et constructif du niveau de concordance entre son modèle théorique et son application au quotidien ainsi que des obstacles rencontrés. Une méthodologie qualitative est apparue appropriée pour produire le matériel. Deux techniques ont été utilisées, l’observation participante sur le terrain et l’analyse du contenu de documents écrits (procès-verbaux rédigés après certains comités). Pour structurer l’ensemble du présent rapport de stage, nous avons retenu le concept de plan d’action d’un programme proposé par Chen, dont les six composantes servent de grille à l’évaluation et aident à avoir une vue globale de son implantation, ainsi que le modèle de changement de programme de la TCU (pour Texas Christian University), qui inclut les principaux stades de changement et les facteurs, aux niveaux individuel, organisationnel et du programme en soi, favorisant ou entravant la mise en œuvre d’innovations avec succès. À la lumière de notre analyse, nous considérons qu’il serait possible de surmonter ce qui gêne l’application du programme SID et qu’il ne serait pas obligatoire de faire des changements majeurs à sa théorie. Nous nous sommes permis de suggérer des ajustements qui pourraient être apportés au processus d’implantation de ce programme. En conclusion, nous estimons que la mise en œuvre du programme SID pourrait être réussie seulement si les conditions propices étaient réunies. Toutefois, selon nous, il y aura toujours certaines contraintes avec lesquelles il faudra composer. / In 2005, in the wake of the adoption of the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) and its attendant restrictions on incarceration, the Centre jeunesse de Montréal - Institut universitaire (CJM-IU) [Montreal youth centre - University institute] launched a community-oriented intensive differential case management program (IDCMP). The clinical internship reported here had the following objectives: allow participation in the cross-sectional implementation of the program, improve the program’s robustness, support program specialists, and develop an assessment tool that would improve this program’s referral process. The results of this internship indicated the necessity of reviewing the IDCMP’s implementation process, specifically through constructive, pedagogical assessment of the congruence of the plan’s theoretical model and day-to-day application, as well of the obstacles encountered. A qualitative methodology appeared appropriate for these purposes. Two techniques were used: field participant observation, and content analysis of written documents (committee minutes). Chen's Program Action Model and the Texas Christian University (TCU) Program Change Model provided the conceptual framework for the internship report. The former’s six components were the basis for an assessment checklist and oriented the global overview of the implementation of the IDCMP, while the latter provided a model of the main stages of change and the individual, organizational, and program-specific factors that favour or hinder innovation. The results indicate that overcoming obstacles to the application of the IDCMP would not require any significant changes to the program’s underlying theoretical basis. Modifications of the program’s implementation process are presented. In conclusion, we consider that the successful implementation of the IDCMP is dependent on certain conditions, and will always be subject to constraints.

Vegetative species diversity is under threat from environmental pressures, particularly climate change. As the impacts of climate change vary from place to place, response of vegetative species diversity to a changing climate also vary depending on geographical location. The response of vegetative species diversity under dry conditions in Zimbabwe is not well known. This study assessed the impact of climate change on vegetative species diversity under semiarid conditions of Masvingo province in Zimbabwe. This was achieved by determining climate change trends over a period of forty years (1974-2014), and examining the relationship between vegetative species diversity and spatially interpolated climate data. The absence of historical diversity data prompted the use of remote sensing to enable the assessment of spatial and temporal changes. Thus, the Normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to assess vegetative species diversity changes after establishing a positive relationship between species diversity and NDVI. The mixed methods research design was used as the strategy of inquiry. The non-aligned block sampling design was used as the sampling framework from which 198 sampling points were identified. Meteorological data obtained from Zimbabwe Meteorological Services Department (ZMSD) and the National Climate Data Centre (NCDC) were used for climate change analysis. Data collected through image analysis, direct observations, questionnaire surveys and interviews were used to assess the impact of climate change on vegetative species diversity. Results indicate that all temperature and precipitation variables have significant (p<0.05) trends over the period under study. However, the trend for seasonal total precipitation was not significant but declining. The significant trends indicate that climate change occurred over the period under study. 93% of the respondents confirmed having experienced the climate change phenomenon. Results also show a significant relationship between climate elements (precipitation and temperature) and vegetative species diversity represented by Shannon Weaver Index (H). More so, there is a positive relationship between NDVI and H. Vegetative species diversity represented by NDVI decreased over the period under review. The results indicate that climate change has contributed to the decrease of vegetative species diversity in Masvingo province, thus it is a force behind many other factors contributing to biodiversity loss. / College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences / Ph. D. (Environmental Sciences)