Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The School of First Letters was submitted to a confirmation process in Sergipe during the XIX Century. When province administrators understood that they would be able to transform behavior rules and guarantee social stability through the use of these schools, they began promoting the instruction of the school-age population. Using the most modern European pedagogic technology, the administrators adopted the teaching methods of the School of First Letters in Sergipe. The first method adopted was the mutual method starting in 1820. There was only one mutual method school operating in Sergipe which was situated in São Cristóvão, the capital of the Province. This method was chosen to discipline the population of the capital on that time. The mutual method was used until the 1950´s when other administrators started criticizing their efficiency to Sergipe and adopted the simultaneous teaching method. This new method had as an objective transmiting the values of Brazilian Empire through schools and establishing social order. Unlike the previous method, the intention was not a disciplinal one but to transmit values that would prepare people to respect Imperial Laws and the religion as vassals. The simultaneous teaching method was in practice until the 1970´s, when administrators following ideas of Pestalozzi and Basedaw uncharacterized it and recommended the adoption of the lessons with things and the intuitive method. / No século XIX a escola de primeiras letras passou por um processo de afirmação na Província sergipana. A partir do momento em que os administradores provinciais entenderam que através desta instituição escolar seria capaz de transformar regras de condutas e garantir estabilidade social, levantaram bandeira de luta a favor da instrução pública para a população escolarizável. Tomando de empréstimo o que havia de mais moderno em termos de tecnologia pedagógica, os administradores adotaram métodos de ensino para as escolas de primeiras letras sergipanas. O primeiro a ser adotado foi o método mútuo ou método de Lancaster, no final da década de 1820. Em Sergipe, só funcionou uma escola com essa tecnologia de ensino, em São Cristóvão, capital da Província. Não se sabe até quando durou essa escola, mas em forma discursiva o método se estendeu até a década de cinqüenta quando os administradores passaram a fazer críticas e apontar um outro. A partir desse momento o método de ensino simultâneo passou a fazer parte nos discursos dos defensores da instrução pública para a população sergipana. Com a aplicação dessa nova tipologia de ensino não era bem disciplinar, como fazia a anterior, mas ordenar fazendo com que os valores transmitidos pela escola de primeiras letras formassem um homem capaz de respeitar as leis, imperiais e a religião professada pelo Império, garantindo desta forma condição de governabilidade. O ensino simultâneo teve vigência em Sergipe até a década de 1870 quando os administradores provinciais se apropriaram das idéias de Pestalozzi e Basedaw passando a descaracterizá-lo e indicar outro: o método de coisas.

Abstract The current study discusses the pedagogical development work of two teachers from the viewpoint of listening and being heard. The study was implemented using the methods of narrative action research, and the data consist mainly of the teachers’ professional biographies, video materials, and shared pedagogical diary. The data was gathered in the course of a single school year as part of the inclusive physical education. In this context, inclusion refers to the merger of the groups of children in special and mainstream education. The studied group of pupils was taught simultaneously by a primary teacher and a special teacher. The study is theoretically based on the ethic of pedagogical love. In the data, moments of being heard were encouraged by a commitment to ethical core values as teachers’ practical morality, respect for students’ freedom of choice, sufficient availability of time, the possibility to anticipate teaching, assessment of the interfacing of privacy and closeness, as well as giving individual attention. Based on the individual moments of being heard emerging from the data, a conscious manner of teaching and supervision was developed and subsequently named the pedagogy of being heard. This study describes the development of the pedagogy of being heard in the context of physical education. First the study discusses the elements of interaction that allowed for moments of being heard, second the supporting of students in physical education by means of the pedagogy of being heard, and third the fulfillment of being heard in the relationship between the teachers contributing to the research process. At the core of the pedagogy of being heard are relations of caring and interaction between all the group members both in teacher-student relationships and in peer relationships between students, as well as in relationships between the adults in the group. Central to the pedagogy of being heard is every individual’s right to be respected and accepted as him- or herself. The quality of interaction and relationships is seen as a core factor in supporting students in physical education. Teachers employing the pedagogy of being heard need constantly to redirect their pedagogical implementation by way of active listening. / Tiivistelmä Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kahden opettajan pedagogista kehittämistyötä kuuntelemisen ja kuulluksi tulemisen näkökulmasta. Tutkimus on toteutettu narratiivisena toimintatutkimuksena, ja aineisto koostuu pääasiassa opettajien ammatillisista elämäkerroista, videomateriaalista ja yhteisesti tuotetusta pedagogisesta päiväkirjasta. Aineisto on tuotettu yhden lukuvuoden aikana osana inklusiivisen opetusryhmän liikunnanopetusta. Tässä yhteydessä inklusiivisuudella tarkoitetaan erityisopetuksen ja yleisopetuksen opetusryhmien yhteensulauttamista. Opetusryhmää opetettiin luokanopettajan ja erityisluokanopettajan samanaikaisopettajuutena. Tutkimus nojaa teoreettisesti pedagogisen rakkauden etiikkaan. Eettiseen arvopohjaan sitoutuminen opettajien käytännön moraalina, oppilaiden valinnanvapauden kunnioittaminen, kiireettömyys, mahdollisuus ennakoida opetusta, yksityisyyden ja läheisyyden rajapintojen arvioiminen sekä yksilöllisen huomion antaminen synnyttivät aineistoon kuulluksi tulemisen hetkiä. Aineistosta nostetuista yksittäisistä kuulluksi tulemisen hetkistä kehitettiin tietoinen opettamisen ja ohjaamisen tapa, joka on nimetty kuulluksi tulemisen pedagogiikaksi. Tässä tutkimuksessa kuvataan kuulluksi tulemisen pedagogiikan kehittämistä koululiikunnan kontekstissa. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan 1. niitä vuorovaikutuksen elementtejä, jotka mahdollistivat kuulluksi tulemisen hetken syntymisen, 2. oppilaan tukemista koululiikunnassa kuulluksi tulemisen pedagogiikan keinoin, ja 3. kuuntelemista tutkimuksessa mukana olleiden opettajien välisessä suhteessa. Kuulluksi tulemisen pedagogiikan ytimessä ovat välittävät ja vastavuoroiset vuorovaikutussuhteet kaikkien ryhmän jäsenten välillä niin opettaja–oppilassuhteissa kuin oppilaiden välisissä vertaissuhteissa ja ryhmän aikuisten välisissä suhteissa. Kuulluksi tulemisen pedagogiikassa keskeistä on jokaisen yksilön oikeus olla arvostettu ja hyväksytty omana itsenään. Vuorovaikutussuhteiden laatu nähdään keskeisenä tekijänä oppilaan tukemisessa koululiikunnassa. Kuulluksi tulemisen pedagogiikkaa toteuttavien opettajien tulee jatkuvasti suunnata pedagogista toteutustaan aktiivisen kuuntelemisen avulla.