Im Juli und August 2014 habe ich im Rahmen meines Bibliotheksreferendariats fünf Wochen an der SLUB Dresden verbracht. Schwerpunkte des Praktikums waren die Themen „Open Access“ und „Digitalisierung“, Zentrum die AG „Elektronisches Publizieren“, die sich mit unterschiedlichsten Aspekten der Problematik beschäftigt — von Fragen der bibliometrischen Analyse über die Betreuung des Dokumentenservers „Qucosa“ bis hin zu Rechtsfragen bei Open Access-Veröffentlichungen. Neben der Mitarbeit in der Gruppe und dem Kennenlernen anderer Abteilungen der SLUB, die sich im Umfeld von Digitalisierung und elektronischem Publizieren bewegen, habe ich während des fünfwöchigen Aufenthalts in Dresden auch ein eigenes Projekt bearbeitet: es ging um die Bewertung von Open Access- Monographien im Bereich der Geistes- und speziell der Geschichtswissenschaften.

Im Juli und August 2014 habe ich im Rahmen meines Bibliotheksreferendariats fünf Wochen an der SLUB Dresden verbracht. Schwerpunkte des Praktikums waren die Themen „Open Access“ und „Digitalisierung“, Zentrum die AG „Elektronisches Publizieren“, die sich mit unterschiedlichsten Aspekten der Problematik beschäftigt — von Fragen der bibliometrischen Analyse über die Betreuung des Dokumentenservers „Qucosa“ bis hin zu Rechtsfragen bei Open Access-Veröffentlichungen. Neben der Mitarbeit in der Gruppe und dem Kennenlernen anderer Abteilungen der SLUB, die sich im Umfeld von Digitalisierung und elektronischem Publizieren bewegen, habe ich während des fünfwöchigen Aufenthalts in Dresden auch ein eigenes Projekt bearbeitet: es ging um die Bewertung von Open Access- Monographien im Bereich der Geistes- und speziell der Geschichtswissenschaften.

Ce travail de thèse est centré sur les effets de la distraction sur les performances de conduite. Lorsqu’il conduit, un conducteur doit non seulement être capable de maintenir le contrôle du véhicule, mais également être en mesure de prélever et de traiter les informations pertinentes provenant de l’environnement routier. Ces capacités peuvent être mises à défaut par l’introduction des systèmes de communications et d’informations dans les véhicules qui le placent en situation d’attention partagée et augmentent les sources de distraction. Ce travail a tenté de déterminer comment la population des jeunes conducteurs novices, caractérisée par un fort taux d’accidents (Clarke et al. 2005) et des compétences de conduite faiblement développées (Whelan at al. 2004) gère ces situations d’attention partagée. Deux expérimentations ont alimentés cette thèse. La première, en environnement réel de conduite, visait à analyser les effets de l’utilisation conjointe d’un système de navigation et d’un téléphone portable sur la qualité de la prise d’information et du traitement de l’information (au travers de différents paramètres comportementaux). La seconde, réalisée en laboratoire, était destinée à compléter les résultats de la première expérimentation en se concentrant exclusivement sur les modalités de recherche et de prise d’informations selon que le conducteur soit novice ou expérimenté. En fonction de l’expérience de conduite, les résultats offrent des conclusions mitigées en matière de traitement de l’information en situations d’attention partagée. / This PhD thesis aims to study the distraction effects on driver performances. While driving, a driver must be able to maintain the vehicle control and also to process the relevant information from the road environment. These abilities can be impaired by the introduction of information and communication systems inside the car which put the driver in dual-task situation and increase the sources of distraction. This work tries to determine how the population of young novice drivers, characterized by a high crash rate (Clarke et al. 2005) and by poorly developed driving skills (Whelan et al. 2004) manages these situations of time sharing.Two experimentations were conducted. The first one, on real road, aims at analyzing the effects of simultaneously use of a navigation system and a mobile phone on the information processing (achieve by analyzing behavior parameters). The second one, in laboratory, aims at completing the first results, by focusing on modalities of research and handling information according to the drivers’ experience (novice or experienced). According to the driving experience, results are ambivalent in terms of information processing during divided attention situations.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-05-29T13:06:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Closs_.pdf: 1614709 bytes, checksum: f513dd4879d78d758e585d56586b19bc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T13:06:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lucas Closs_.pdf: 1614709 bytes, checksum: f513dd4879d78d758e585d56586b19bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Os constantes avanços na computação móvel e ubíqua possibilitam novos desenvolvimentos e novos recursos em diversas áreas, dentre estas, destaca-se a área da saúde. A partir destas novas possibilidades, surge então o conceito de Cuidados Ubíquos, onde são aplicados estes novos recursos com o intuito de prover melhores condições para médicos e equipes médicas no tratamento de pacientes. Utilizando então como referência o conceito de cuidados ubíquos, o presente trabalho apresenta uma nova abordagem para o monitoramento de pacientes através do uso da ciência de situação, apoiada pelo uso da Lógica Difusa, das Redes Neurais Artificiais e das Séries Temporais de Dados, dispondo com também com os dados dos pacientes coletados através dos dispositivos móveis e dos vestíveis. O modelo SAC – Situation-Aware Care objetiva então a aplicação das três fases da ciência de situação – percepção, compreensão e projeção – utilizando os dados coletados como entradas para as inferências. Visando prover uma solução que auxilie médicos e equipes médicas em diagnósticos – e em prognósticos – mais assertivos, através do monitoramento e da disponibilização de registros e de informações mais apuradas quanto ao estado de saúde dos pacientes. Para a avaliação do modelo, foram então desenvolvidos protótipos referentes aos Serviços SAC e a aplicação SAC4Mobile. O modelo SAC teve a sua avaliação em relação ao seu desempenho dos serviços e também através de caso de uso estendido, aferindo sobre a usabilidade. Avaliações por desempenho apresentaram bons indicadores de tempos de respostas e de recursos computacionais, onde que tempo médio mais elevado para o retorno de todas as requisições, 100 requisições simultâneas, foi de 5,5 segundos e o consumo de recursos computacionais não ultrapassou 18%. Assim como a avaliação sobre usabilidade teve resultados positivos, enaltecendo a relevância da proposta do modelo SAC. / The constant advances in mobile and ubiquitous computing enable new developments and new features in different areas, among thesethe health area stands out. From these new possibilities comes the concept of Ubiquitous Care, where these new resources are applied in order to provide better conditions for doctors and medical staff in the treatment of patients. Using the concept of ubiquitous care as a reference, the present work presents a new approach for monitoring patients through the use of Situation Awareness, supported by the use of Fuzzy Logic, Artificial Neural Networks and Time Series, also with patient data collected through mobile devices and wearable devices. The SAC - Situation-Aware Care model aims to apply the three phases of situation awareness - perception, comprehension and projection - using the data collected as inputs to the inferences. Aiming to provide a solution that assists physicians and medical teams in diagnostics - and prognoses - more assertive, through the monitoring and availability of records and more accurate information regarding the patient's health status.For the evaluation of the model, prototypes were developed for the SAC Services and the SAC4Mobile application. The SAC model had its evaluation in relation to its service performance and also through an extended use case, assessing the usability. Performance evaluations presented good indicators of response times and computational resources, where the highest time for the return of all the requests, 100 simultaneous requests, was 5.5 seconds and the consumption of computational resources did not exceed 18%. As well as the assessment of usability had positive results highlighting the relevance of the SAC model proposal.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-05-04T15:21:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinícius Tocantins Marques_.pdf: 1798612 bytes, checksum: 644619b1572a14e55b710812ab705ff0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-04T15:21:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinícius Tocantins Marques_.pdf: 1798612 bytes, checksum: 644619b1572a14e55b710812ab705ff0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / Nenhuma / O uso de aplicações que padronizam as informações utilizadas em emergências médicas é uma das grandes ferramentas de apoio para as equipes de médicos plantonistas neste novo século. A Computação Ubíqua e a Ciência de Situação são elementos de evolução para aplicações computacionais em hospitais. Mais especificamente, a aplicação que consegue correlacionar dados de redes heterogêneas em prol do sucesso do atendimento médico, produz uma ampla rede de colaboração. Sustentado nesse conceito, o paciente em atendimento poderá usufruir de opiniões de uma ampla gama de médicos especialistas, todos a favor do seu bem estar. No geral o que se tem de resultado das buscas são trabalhos que abordam os conceitos de formas separadas. Nesse âmbito, o presente trabalho propõe o desenvolvimento de um modelo colaborativo com suporte à troca de informações entre equipes médicas plantonistas utilizando Ciência de Situação. O modelo visa utilizar recursos de computação ubíqua para melhorar a inserção de dados relevantes na aplicação, bem como otimizar a saída de dados em dispositivos móveis. Como contribuição científica, o modelo proposto emprega inferências computacionais mediante o uso de ciência de situação no intuito de melhorar a tomada de decisão médica e suportar a colaboração entre as equipes médicas. O modelo proposto realizou duas avaliações, sendo uma através de estudo de caso e a outra referente à usabilidade. As avaliações atestaram que o Doctor Collab alcançou uma média de aceitação de 86,9% utilizando o modelo TAM para verificar o grau de assentimento da aplicação frente aos médicos plantonistas. Desta maneira pode-se indicar que o modelo proposto é coerente com as Hipóteses identificadas. / Technological applications used in medical emergencies is one of the greatest support tools for attending physicians teams in this new century. The Ubiquitous Computing and the Situation Awareness are evolving elements for computer applications in hospitals. Specifically, the application that is able to correlate data from heterogeneous networks to improve the success of health care, produces a wide collaboration network. Beside that, the patient can benefit from various views of a wide range of medical specialists, all in favor of their welfare. Overall the results of researches are works that address the topics of different forms. One of the articles did not apply the concepts of ubiquitous computing in order to minimally interfere with the day-to-day medical team. In this context, this paper proposes the development of a collaborative model that supports the exchange of information between physicians medical teams using the Situation Awareness. The model aims to use ubiquitous computing resources to improve the inclusion of relevant data in the application, as well as optimize the data output on mobile devices. As scientific contribution, the proposed model employs computational inferences by using Situation Awareness in order to improve medical decision making and support collaboration between medical teams. The proposed model had two evaluations, one through case study and the other regarding the usability of the model. Evaluations show that the Doctor Collab reached an average of 86.9% acceptance using the Technical Architecture Modelling model to check the assent of application to the attending physicians. In this way it way be indicated that the proposed model is consistent with the identified assumptions.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-11-03T11:54:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Murillo da Silveira Grübler_.pdf: 3027339 bytes, checksum: 2fdb175c76ab90e275bf8ba04792e452 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-03T11:54:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Murillo da Silveira Grübler_.pdf: 3027339 bytes, checksum: 2fdb175c76ab90e275bf8ba04792e452 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-19 / CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O Gerenciamento de Leitos é uma importante área de planejamento e controle hospitalar. Sua função é garantir o equilíbrio entre os pacientes que chegam através do setor de emergência, os eletivos que possuem algum tratamento agendado e aqueles que saem do hospital. Dessa forma, esse gerenciamento possibilita manter alta a taxa de ocupação dos quartos, mas sem realmente lotá-los, além de prever qualquer situação não planejada. A gestão eficaz de leitos hospitalares como recurso sempre foi um desafio para os gestores. Nas décadas de 80 e 90, por exemplo, milhares de pacientes tiveram operações canceladas em virtude de razões não médicas. Como há necessidade de um melhor controle do fluxo, a área de Gerenciamento de Leitos começou, então, a receber mais atenção acadêmica e também políticas nacionais para a sua gestão. O processo de admissão e posicionamento de enfermos, a partir do Gerenciamento de Leitos, vem se desenvolvendo nos últimos anos através de diversas técnicas de pesquisa operacional, tais como simulação, teoria de filas, análise estatística, entre outras. Devido às constantes incertezas vividas pelos hospitais atualmente, o uso do modelo cognitivo Ciência de Situação em pesquisas científicas na área da saúde vem crescendo cada vez mais. A Ciência de Situação é uma área de estudo que busca compreender o contexto dos ambientes e projetar ações futura. Em suma, é uma técnica que vai além do tradicional processamento de informações, visto que procura explicar o comportamento humano na operação de sistemas complexos. Nessa assertiva, este trabalho tem como objetivo utilizar a Ciência de Situação na área de Gerenciamento de Leitos, usando um modelo híbrido que une a técnica de Rede Neural Artificial Multilayer Perceptron com a Teoria do Valor Multiatributo para tomada de decisão, auxiliando gestores no processo de atribuição de pacientes em leitos adequados ao seu tratamento. Através da implementação de um protótipo baseado neste modelo híbrido de apoio à decisão, nomeado de IMBEDS, foram avaliados 50 pacientes em um total de 266 leitos gerenciados pela Central de Leitos, no Hospital Mãe de Deus, localizado em Porto Alegre. O resultado final dos testes foi de 93,5% de similaridade entre o leito apto apresentado pelo modelo e o processo real de alocação dos enfermos. / The Bed Management is an important area of planning and control hospital. It’s function is to ensure the balance between the patients who come through the emergency department, elective that have some scheduled treatment and those leaving the hospital. Thus, the Bed Management enables the hospital keep high occupancy rate of rooms, but without fill all the beds, in addition to providing any unplanned situation. Effective management of hospital beds as a resource has always been a challenge for managers. In the 80s and 90s, for example, thousands of patients have operations canceled due to non-medical reasons. As there is need for better control of the flow, Bed Management area then began to receive more academic attention and also policies national for the Bed Management. The process of admission and positioning the patients, from the management of beds, has been developing in recent years through of operational research, such as simulation, queuing theory, statistical analysis, among others. Due to the uncertainties experienced by hospitals nowadays, the use of model Situation Awareness in research in the health field is growing increasingly. Situation Awareness is a field of study that seeks to understand the context of the environment and designing future actions. In short, it is a technique that goes beyond the traditional information processing, as it seeks to explain human behavior in the operation of complex systems. In this statement, this work aims to use the Situation Awareness in Bed Management area, using a hybrid model that combines the technique Artificial Neural Network Multilayer Perceptron with the Multi-Attribute Value Theory for decision making, assisting managers in process of patient's allocation to the bed suitable in his treatment. Through the implementation of a prototype based on this hybrid model of decision support, named of IMBEDS, were evaluated 50 patients in a total of 266 beds managed by Beds Center, in the Hospital Mãe de Deus, located in Porto Alegre. The final result of the tests was 93.5% similarity between the bed apt selected by the model and the allocation process of the patients.

The Multiple Remote Tower Center concept (mRTC) is a cutting edge project which allows one air traffic control officer (ATCO) to be in charge of multiple remotely situated airports simultaneously. When implemented, it will revolutionise how air traffic is managed at smaller airports and allow for increased efficiency and decreased operational costs. Consequently, at the time of writing a lot of effort is going into evaluating this new way of air traffic management from a safety perspective. Air traffic management has been defined as an issue maintaining situational awareness and exercising control. This thesis aims to investigate how the phenomenon target fascination affects the ATCOs ability to exercise control over its controlled airspace and maintain its situation awareness. It does so by creating a baseline scenario of work in a mRTC, and then comparing the ATCOs performance in the baseline scenario with its performance in the same corresponding scenario, but with elements of target fascination introduced. The differences in the scenarios are analysed using the Contextual Control Model, the Extended Control Model and a holistic framework for studying situation awareness. The analysis shows that target fascination does affect the ATCOs ability to maintain control, but not radically so, and only for a short period of time. The target fascination forces the ATCO to rely on information in the immediate environment to a higher degree than during regular work, as opposed to making decisions based on a holistic understanding of the situation and high level goals. However, once the understanding of the situation have been re-established, the level of control quickly returns to normal levels. Situation awareness is thus a key concept in maintaining control. The situation awareness analysis show that target fascination affects situation awareness by causing the ATCOs understanding of the situation to become outdated without the ATCOs knowledge. Because of this, there may be developments in the situation that the ATCO is not aware of, which hinders it from acting as it normally would. In some cases an intervention from an external actor or element may be necessary to break the fascination and re-establish the ATCOs understanding for the situation. As soon as the fascination is broken, the ATCO quickly takes steps to re-establish its situation awareness and return to normal operations.

Although most modern, highly-computerized flight decks are known to be robust to small disturbances and failures, humans still play a crucial role in advanced decision making in off-nominal situations, and accidents still occur because of poor human-automation interaction. In addition to the physical state of the environment, operators now have to extend their awareness to the state of the automated flight systems. To guarantee the accuracy of this knowledge, humans need to know the dynamics or approximate versions of the dynamics that rule the automation. The operator's situation awareness can decline because of a deficient mental model of the aircraft and an excessive workload. This work describes the creation of a computational human agent model simulating cognitive constructs such as situation awareness and mental models known to capture the symptoms of poor human-automation interaction and provide insight into more comprehensive metrics supporting the validation of automated systems in aviation.

Trust is a core construct of our social lives, influencing how we interact with other individuals that are part of our social circle. Whether at work, in teams, or with friends and family, trust influences how much information we exchange with the other individuals and how we interact as a dyad. Defined as risk acceptance behaviour in situations where there is dependency between the parties, trusting another person means accepting some risks to benefit from the social integration of tasks and knowledge. In an institutional environment, trust is a core component of teamwork dynamics, having a strong influence on team effectiveness and performance. Teams are the backbone of current industry, research, healthcare, and business domains. Teams have the power to increase the momentum of projects and tasks, and may also benefit from the collective body of knowledge brought by experts from different fields. Teamwork also brings new constraints to the interpersonal dynamic; for instance, a lack of interpersonal trust can deeply impact the performance and effectiveness of a team. Without trust, communication and interaction between team members can be significantly impaired, limiting the ability of a team to perform and to become effective. As teams move to non-collocated work, the development of trust is restricted by the limited media richness of communication channels. The perceptual mechanisms that compose the major part of the trust development process become constrained, as behavioural cues are not readily available through Computer Mediated Communication Systems (CMCSs). For this reason, virtual teams can suffer from low, fragile, and delayed trust, impairing team effectiveness and performance. Given the increasing prevalence of non-collocated teams, there is a need for the development of a toolset for understanding, measuring, and fostering trust in distributed teamwork environments. The existing literature provides only a partial understanding of the trust formation process and does not encompass a detailed description of the perceptual mechanisms that would help explain trust formation and allow the design of interventions tailored at targeting trust. I started by developing a model that explains trust formation and the perceptual mechanisms involved in this process, in which I also incorporate the distinction between intuitive trust and calculative confidence. The Human Factors Interpersonal Trust State Formation Model developed in this thesis helps explain the situational variability of interpersonal trust, a very important characteristic to consider when using the knowledge about trust formation to inform design. This model explains how researchers and practitioners can develop designs and interventions to foster trust based on increasing the perception of trust-building cues. Similarly, good trust metrics must capture both a measurement of trust between two people and provide information about how each trust cue influences the formation of the trust state. With the intent of incorporating situational sensitivity to a trust metric, I designed the Quick Trust Assessment Scale (QTAS), based on the NASA-TLX structure, using a combination of direct rating of subjective subscales of trust, with a pairwise comparison of each pair of subscales. I evaluated the QTAS using Crombach’s Alpha and Factor Analysis. The results showed high internal validity and identified one component for extraction from the metric, since this component focused on measuring a construct outside the interest of the QTAS. The QTAS is the first trust metric to be developed that includes a component to measure the situational variability of trust. The next component of this thesis focuses on identifying and testing ways to foster trust in a specific other through electronic communication. To achieve this objective, I initially conducted an ethnographic study to identify how team members foster trust in face-to-face collaborations and which trust cues are most often exchanged. In this study, I identified the effect of a third party on fostering trust (liaison) and five behaviours, or trust building cues, that were most used: recommendation, validation, expertise, social network, and benevolence/willingness to help. These five behaviours were later converted into interface design objects (trust tokens), in the form of badges, to be used in CMCSs and social network environments, acting as surrogates for the missing trust cues. The trust tokens were tested on simulated social network interfaces to identify the effects of multiple latent factors. Results showed that the use of the trust tokens is independent of gender, age, education level, and personality type. However, use was dependent on the type of risk the participants were facing and their cultural background. Although trust tokens are effective in fostering trust behaviour, there was not a unified solution for every type of situation. In order to further validate the situational dependence of trust decisions, I have evaluated two major variables of interest. Through experimental manipulation, I demonstrated the influence of (1) situational risk and (2) cultural background on the use of trust cues. These findings are of relevance for the design of systems that support the development of interpersonal trust as they raise the awareness of the highly variable nature of trust. In order for designers, researchers, and practitioners to successfully influence trust behaviour in teamwork environments, they need to include interpersonal trust as a variable of interest in the design requirements of systems that support teamwork, as well as carefully consider the impact of their interventions, as their interventions will influence variably, depending on the situation and target population. Ultimately, this research program demonstrates the importance of including interpersonal trust as a variable of interest in and as a requirement for the design of systems that support teamwork and collaboration.

La réalité augmentée (Augmented Reality ou AR) peut potentiellement changer significativement l’expérience utilisateur. Au contraire les applications sur Smartphone ou tablette, les technologies d’affichage tête haute (Head Up Display ouHUD) aujourd’hui sont capables de projeter localement sur une zone du pare-brise ou globalement sur tout le pare-brise. Le conducteur peut alors percevoir l’information directement dans son champ de vision. Ce ne sont pas que les informations basiques comme vitesse ou navigation, le système peut aussi afficher des aides, des indicateurs qui guident l’attention du conducteur vers les dangers possibles. Il existe alors un chalenge scientifique qui est de concevoir des visualisations d’interactions qui s’adaptent en fonction de l’observation de la scène mais aussi en fonction de l’observation du conducteur. Dans le contexte des systèmes d’alerte de collision avec les piétons (Pedestrian Collision Warning System ou PCWS), l’efficacité de la détection du piéton a atteint un niveau élevé grâce à la technologie de vision. Pourtant, les systèmes d’alerte ne s’adaptent pas au conducteur et à la situation, ils deviennent alors une source de distraction et sont souvent négligés par le conducteur. Pour ces raisons, ce travail de thèse consiste à proposer un nouveau concept de PCWS avec l’AR (nommé the AR-PCW system). Premièrement, nous nous concentrons sur l’étude de la conscience de la situation (Situation Awareness ou SA) du conducteur lorsqu’il y a un piéton présent devant le véhicule. Nous proposons une approche expérimentale pour collecter les données qui représentent l’attention du conducteur vis-à-vis du piéton (Driver Awareness of Pedestrian ou DAP) et l’inattention du conducteur vis-à-vis de celui-ci (Driver Unawareness of Pedestrian ou DUP). Ensuite, les algorithmes basées sur les charactéristiques, les modèles d’apprentissage basés sur les modèles discriminants (ex, Support Vector Machine ou SVM) ou génératifs (Hidden Markov Model ou HMM) sont proposés pour estimer le DUP et le DAP. La décision de notre AR-PCW system est effectivement basée sur ce modèle. Deuxièmement, nous proposons les aides ARs pour améliorer le DAP après une étude de l’état de l’art sur les ARs dans le contexte de la conduite automobile. La boite englobante autour du piéton et le panneau d’alerte de danger sont utilisés. Finalement, nous étudions expérimentalement notre système AR-PCW en analysant les effets des aides AR sur le conducteur. Un simulateur de conduite est utilisé et la simulation d’une zone HUD dans la scène virtuelle sont proposés. Vingt-cinq conducteurs de 2 ans de permis de conduite ont participé à l’expérimentation. Les situations ambigües sont créées dans le scénario de conduite afin d’analyser le DAP. Le conducteur doit suivre un véhicule et les piétons apparaissent à différents moments. L’effet des aides AR sur le conducteur est analysé à travers ses performances à réaliser la tâche de poursuite et ses réactions qui engendrent le DAP. Les résultats objectifs et subjectifs montrent que les aides AR sont capables d’améliorer le DAP défini en trois niveaux : perception, vigilance et anticipation. Ce travail de thèse a été financé sur une bourse ministère et a été réalisé dans le cadre des projets FUI18 SERA et Labex MS2T qui sont financé par le Gouvernement Français, à travers le programme « Investissement pour l’avenir » géré par le ANR (Référence ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02). / Augmented reality (AR) can potentially change the driver’s user experience in significant ways. In contrast of the AR applications on smart phones or tablets, the Head-Up-Displays (HUD) technology based on a part or all wind-shield project information directly into the field of vision, so the driver does not have to look down at the instrument which maybe causes to the time-critical event misses. Until now, the HUD designers try to show not only basic information such as speed and navigation commands but also the aids and the annotations that help the driver to see potential dangers. However, what should be displayed and when it has to be displayed are still always the questions in critical driving context. In another context, the pedestrian safety becomes a serious society problem when half of traffic accidents around the world are among pedestrians and cyclists. Several advanced Pedestrian Collision Warning Systems (PCWS) have been proposed to detect pedestrians using the on-board sensors and to inform the driver of their presences. However, most of these systems do not adapt to the driver’s state and can become extremely distracting and annoying when they detect pedestrian. For those reasons, this thesis focuses on proposing a new concept for the PCWS using AR (so called the AR-PCW system). Firstly, for the «When» question, the display decision has to take into account the driver’s states and the critical situations. Therefore, we investigate the modelisation of the driver’s awareness of a pedestrian (DAP) and the driver’s unawareness of a pedestrian (DUP). In order to do that, an experimental approach is proposed to observe and to collect the driving data that present the DAP and the DUP. Then, the feature-based algorithms, the data-driven models based on the discriminative models (e.g. Support Vector Machine) or the generative models (e.g. Hidden Markov Model) are proposed to recognize the DAP and the DUP. Secondly, for the «What» question, our proposition is inspired by the state-of-the-art on the AR in the driving context. The dynamic bounding-box surrounding the pedestrian and the static danger panel are used as the visual aids. Finally, in this thesis, we study experimentally the benefits and the costs of the proposed AR-PCW system and the effects of the aids on the driver. A fixed-based driving simulator is used. A limited display zone on screen is proposed to simulate the HUD. Twenty five healthy middle-aged licensed drivers in ambiguous driving scenarios are explored. Indeed, the heading-car following is used as the main driving task whereas twenty three pedestrians appear in the circuit at different moment and with different behaviors. The car-follow task performance and the awareness of pedestrian are then accessed through the driver actions. The objective results as well as the subjective results show that the visual aids can enhance the driver’s awareness of a pedestrian which is defined with three levels: perception, vigilance and anticipation. This work has been funded by a Ministry scholarship and was carried out in the framework of the FUI18 SERA project, and the Labex MS2T which is funded by the French Government, through the program ”Investments for the future” managed by the National Agency for Research (Reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02).