Em 2010, instala-se na cidade de Palmas no Paraná, um Campus do Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR), com a missão de atuação na comunidade local e regional, tendo com um dos balizadores de atuação, o suporte aos Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL´s). Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de avaliar as possibilidades e limites de atuação do Instituto Federal do Paraná – Campus Palmas nos Arranjos Produtivos Locais da região Sudoeste do Paraná. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como documental e de campo, exploratória. Os documentos institucionais utilizados foram a Lei n° 11.892/2008, de criação dos Institutos Federais, o Estatuto de Instituição do Instituto Federal do Paraná e a publicação Concepções e Diretrizes para Instalação dos Institutos Federais. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada com as governanças dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL´s) da região Sudoeste do Paraná, no intuito de detectar a forma organizativa e cooperativa destes, bem como com empresas de cada APL visando se construir um diagnóstico setorial individual. Outro conjunto de entrevistas envolveu dirigentes de instituições de ensino técnico e profissional públicas e privadas, sendo, IFPR e sistema “S”, com o objetivo de detectar as formas de condução da educação profissional na região. O trabalho se estrutura em três partes essenciais, a primeira faz um resgate histórico da educação profissional no Brasil, desde as Escolas de Artes e Ofícios, no Período Colonial até culminar em 2008, com a instalação dos Institutos Federais. A segunda parte faz uma revisão conceitual sobre as teorias das aglomerações produtivas, chegando-se à terminologia adotada no Brasil, de Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL´s). A terceira parte apresenta os resultados da pesquisa, na qual se identificou três Arranjos Produtivos Locais da região Sudoeste do Paraná, categorizados pelo IPARDES - confecções, móveis e software. A seguir, foi apresentado um diagnóstico individual de cada APL, com suas demandas específicas, para se avaliar as possibilidades de atuação do IFPR – Campus Palmas-PR. Além disso, avaliou-se a educação técnica e profissional na região lócus do estudo, a partir de suas instituições. Uma das conclusões evidencia uma principal deficiência, comum a todos os APL´s da região: a falta de mão de obra qualificada. Esta constatação abriria uma grande possibilidade de atuação do IFPR, se não fosse uma segunda conclusão obtida - a limitação geográfica - uma distância média de 200km entre o campus Palmas e os municípios de localização dos APL´s. Contudo, são cogitadas outras formas de suporte aos APL´s, através da pesquisa e inovação, participação nas governanças e o fomento a outras atividades econômicas locais que possuem potencial a tornarem-se APL´s. / A new campus of Federal Institute of Paraná was implemented in 2010, in the city of Palmas, Paraná. Its local e regional mission is to provide supporting actions to local clusters (arranjos produtivos locais – APL).The objective of this research was to discuss the possibilities and limitations of the relationship between the Federal Institute of Paraná - Campus Palmas and local clusters in the southwest region of Paraná. The methodology used was exploratory, documentary and field research. The institutional documents used were Law No. 11.892/2008, which describes the creation of the Federal Institutes, the Statute of the Institution of the Federal Institute of Paraná and publication Concepts and Installation Guidelines of the Federal Institutes. For the field research, semi-structured interviews with governance’s production arrangements were used, in order to detect its organizational and cooperative form and also with the companies in each cluster (APL) to build a sectorial and individual diagnostic. Another set of interviews addressed the institutions of technical and vocational education, IFPR, "S" system and private initiative, aiming to detect forms of conducting professional education in the region. The work is structured in three essential parts. The first is a historical review of vocational education in Brazil, from the Imperial period culminating in 2008, with the installation of the Federal Institutes. The second part is a review on conceptual theories of productive clusters, reaching the terminology adopted in Brazil, local clusters (APL's). The third part presents the results of the research, where it was identified as a local production of the southwest region of Paraná, categorized by IPARDES, the arrangement of clothing, furniture and software. It then presented a diagnostic of each individual APL, with its specific demands, to evaluate the possibilities of intervention of IFPR - Campus Palmas. In a second stage, the results evaluated the technical and vocational education in the region from its institutions. One of the conclusions was that the main shortcoming common to all APL's from the region is the lack of skilled labor. This finding would open a high possibility of IFPR performance, but a second conclusion obtained from geographical limitations brings a new challenge, because it was recorded an average distance of 200km between the IFPR campus and the municipalities of APL's location, making the teaching process not viable. However, other forms are contemplated to support APL's, through research and innovation and participation in governances. Finally, the essentially quantitative method of categorization of local clusters was questioned, which prevents the analysis of a series of economic activities of lower volume, but with significant potential for social inclusion, leading role of the Federal Institutes.

Em 2010, instala-se na cidade de Palmas no Paraná, um Campus do Instituto Federal do Paraná (IFPR), com a missão de atuação na comunidade local e regional, tendo com um dos balizadores de atuação, o suporte aos Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL´s). Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de avaliar as possibilidades e limites de atuação do Instituto Federal do Paraná – Campus Palmas nos Arranjos Produtivos Locais da região Sudoeste do Paraná. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como documental e de campo, exploratória. Os documentos institucionais utilizados foram a Lei n° 11.892/2008, de criação dos Institutos Federais, o Estatuto de Instituição do Instituto Federal do Paraná e a publicação Concepções e Diretrizes para Instalação dos Institutos Federais. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada com as governanças dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL´s) da região Sudoeste do Paraná, no intuito de detectar a forma organizativa e cooperativa destes, bem como com empresas de cada APL visando se construir um diagnóstico setorial individual. Outro conjunto de entrevistas envolveu dirigentes de instituições de ensino técnico e profissional públicas e privadas, sendo, IFPR e sistema “S”, com o objetivo de detectar as formas de condução da educação profissional na região. O trabalho se estrutura em três partes essenciais, a primeira faz um resgate histórico da educação profissional no Brasil, desde as Escolas de Artes e Ofícios, no Período Colonial até culminar em 2008, com a instalação dos Institutos Federais. A segunda parte faz uma revisão conceitual sobre as teorias das aglomerações produtivas, chegando-se à terminologia adotada no Brasil, de Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL´s). A terceira parte apresenta os resultados da pesquisa, na qual se identificou três Arranjos Produtivos Locais da região Sudoeste do Paraná, categorizados pelo IPARDES - confecções, móveis e software. A seguir, foi apresentado um diagnóstico individual de cada APL, com suas demandas específicas, para se avaliar as possibilidades de atuação do IFPR – Campus Palmas-PR. Além disso, avaliou-se a educação técnica e profissional na região lócus do estudo, a partir de suas instituições. Uma das conclusões evidencia uma principal deficiência, comum a todos os APL´s da região: a falta de mão de obra qualificada. Esta constatação abriria uma grande possibilidade de atuação do IFPR, se não fosse uma segunda conclusão obtida - a limitação geográfica - uma distância média de 200km entre o campus Palmas e os municípios de localização dos APL´s. Contudo, são cogitadas outras formas de suporte aos APL´s, através da pesquisa e inovação, participação nas governanças e o fomento a outras atividades econômicas locais que possuem potencial a tornarem-se APL´s. / A new campus of Federal Institute of Paraná was implemented in 2010, in the city of Palmas, Paraná. Its local e regional mission is to provide supporting actions to local clusters (arranjos produtivos locais – APL).The objective of this research was to discuss the possibilities and limitations of the relationship between the Federal Institute of Paraná - Campus Palmas and local clusters in the southwest region of Paraná. The methodology used was exploratory, documentary and field research. The institutional documents used were Law No. 11.892/2008, which describes the creation of the Federal Institutes, the Statute of the Institution of the Federal Institute of Paraná and publication Concepts and Installation Guidelines of the Federal Institutes. For the field research, semi-structured interviews with governance’s production arrangements were used, in order to detect its organizational and cooperative form and also with the companies in each cluster (APL) to build a sectorial and individual diagnostic. Another set of interviews addressed the institutions of technical and vocational education, IFPR, "S" system and private initiative, aiming to detect forms of conducting professional education in the region. The work is structured in three essential parts. The first is a historical review of vocational education in Brazil, from the Imperial period culminating in 2008, with the installation of the Federal Institutes. The second part is a review on conceptual theories of productive clusters, reaching the terminology adopted in Brazil, local clusters (APL's). The third part presents the results of the research, where it was identified as a local production of the southwest region of Paraná, categorized by IPARDES, the arrangement of clothing, furniture and software. It then presented a diagnostic of each individual APL, with its specific demands, to evaluate the possibilities of intervention of IFPR - Campus Palmas. In a second stage, the results evaluated the technical and vocational education in the region from its institutions. One of the conclusions was that the main shortcoming common to all APL's from the region is the lack of skilled labor. This finding would open a high possibility of IFPR performance, but a second conclusion obtained from geographical limitations brings a new challenge, because it was recorded an average distance of 200km between the IFPR campus and the municipalities of APL's location, making the teaching process not viable. However, other forms are contemplated to support APL's, through research and innovation and participation in governances. Finally, the essentially quantitative method of categorization of local clusters was questioned, which prevents the analysis of a series of economic activities of lower volume, but with significant potential for social inclusion, leading role of the Federal Institutes.

As propriedades rurais brasileiras evoluíram muito nas últimas décadas, obrigando os agricultores a melhorarem sua gestão. Se em diversas áreas da empresa os proprietários rurais conseguiram desenvolver seu negócio, na gestão de pessoas esses ainda possuem vasto espaço para melhorias. Isso tem causado graves problemas, tais como: dificuldade de retenção de pessoas qualificadas, prejuízos na produção e custo elevado de manutenção de máquinas e equipamentos. Tendo isso em vista, o presente estudo visa a identificar os fatores relevantes para retenção de mão de obra rural qualificada nas empresas agrícolas patronais e que utilizam tecnologias avançadas de modo que essas possam melhorar sua gestão de pessoas. Para atingir o objetivo proposto foram aplicados questionários quantitativos com produtores rurais patronais que possuem tecnologias avançadas e com técnicos agrícolas do Rio Grande do Sul. Enquanto os primeiros expressam a perspectiva dos gestores rurais, os segundos representam o tipo de mão de obra demandado pelas empresas rurais. Constatou-se que, segundo os agricultores, para um funcionário ser bem sucedido e permanecer na empresa ele deve, principalmente, ser honesto, ter comprometimento, ter responsabilidade, buscar conhecimento e ser proativo. Esse sujeito da pesquisa considera também que os técnicos agrícolas são mais aptos para trabalhar no meio rural do que os demais funcionários rurais. A grande maioria dos técnicos agrícolas está mais satisfeita trabalhando no meio rural e prefere trabalhar nesse ambiente, contudo quase metade deles prefere residir no urbano. Verificou-se que os agricultores possuem perspectivas muito diferentes dos técnicos agrícolas quanto a maioria dos fatores que podem ou não reter funcionários rurais, principalmente, ao avaliar sua propriedade, já que os agricultores avaliaram essas de forma mais positiva em quase todos os fatores em relação aos técnicos agrícolas. Os três fatores com maior diferença foram valor de o salário recebido ser condizente com a qualificação de cada funcionário, superiores serem capazes de gerir a empresa e funcionários receberem recompensas por desempenho individual; esses representam fatores os quais foram muito bem avaliados pelos produtores rurais e mal avaliados pelos técnicos agrícolas. Com base nos resultados, os produtores não somente sabem que precisam melhorar sua gestão de pessoas, mas também estão cientes de quais são exatamente os fatores que precisam ser repensados e melhorados para que consigam reter a nova mão de obra que tanto necessitam. / Brazilian rural properties’ have evolved significantly in recent decades, forcing farmers to improve their management. Landowners have developed its business in many areas but still have a large room for improvement regarding people management. This has caused serious problems, such as difficulty in retaining qualified people, losses in production and high maintenance costs of machinery and equipment. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the relevant factors for retaining skilled rural labor in unfamiliar agricultural business that uses advanced Technologies so they can improve the workforce management. To achieve this purpose, quantitative questionnaires were applied with rural producers that use advanced Technologies and agricultural technicians from Rio Grande do Sul. As the first express the perspective of rural managers, the latter represent the type of labour demanded by rural businesses. It was found that according to the farmers, for an employee to be successful and stay in business, he should mainly be honest, have commitment, take responsibility, seek knowledge and be proactive. They also believe that agricultural technicians are more suitable to work in rural areas than other rural workers. The vast majority of agricultural technicians are more satisfied working in rural areas and prefer to work in that environment, yet almost half of them prefer to live in urban areas. It was also found out that farmers and agricultural technicians have a very different perspective regarding what may or may not retain rural workers, mainly when assessing property, as farmers evaluated these more positively in almost all factors than the agricultural technicians. As an example, the three factors with the greatest difference were if the wage received is consistent with the qualifications of each employee, if the superior is able to manage the company and if employees receive rewards for individual performance; these represent factors which were very well evaluated by farmers and poorly assessed by agricultural technicians. The main conclusion is that after this research producers not only know they need to improve their people management, but are also aware of exactly which factors need to be rethought and improved so that they can hold the workforce they need.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-22T12:11:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 amandareisalmeidasilva.pdf: 821062 bytes, checksum: 3bd797ee776accee1783b0947a774cfa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-26T20:28:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 amandareisalmeidasilva.pdf: 821062 bytes, checksum: 3bd797ee776accee1783b0947a774cfa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T20:28:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 amandareisalmeidasilva.pdf: 821062 bytes, checksum: 3bd797ee776accee1783b0947a774cfa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-17 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal investigar os determinantes pessoais e regionais da migração de trabalhadores no estado de São Paulo. São analisadas duas amostras de indivíduos, onde uma constituída por trabalhadores em geral e a outra por trabalhadores qualificados. Os dados individuais utilizados foram obtidos da base de dados Rais-Migra, e dados municipais provenientes do IBGE e Ipeadata. A metodologia aplicada aborda um modelo logit hierárquico, que considera as variáveis explicativas nos seus devidos níveis individual e municipal, para modelar a probabilidade de migrar. A metodologia estende-se para a análise exploratória dos dados espaciais (AEDE) que permite verificar de que forma a heterogeneidade espacial presente no nível municipal pode ser incorporada no modelo multinível. A análise hierárquica-espacial revelou que as características municipais no destino têm maior impacto na decisão de migrar dos trabalhadores qualificados. Eles são atraídos por cidades de grande porte que têm maior capacidade de geração de emprego, além de apresentar proporção relevante de seu produto determinada por empresas inovativas e exportadoras. As características individuais como idade, salário no destino, experiência e tamanho da empresa em que trabalha também se mostram importantes. / The present work aims to investigate the migration’s personal and regional determinants of migration of workers in the state of São Paulo. Two samples are examined, one composed by workers in general and another by skilled workers. The micro-data was obtained from Labor Ministery of Brasil (Rais-Migra), and data from municipalities from IBGE and Ipeadata. The methodology deals with a hierarchical logit model, which considers the variables in their proper individual and municipal levels, to model the determinants of worker’s mobility. The methodology extends to the spatial exploratory data analysis (ESDA) that lets us check how the spatial heterogeneity present at the municipal level can be incorporated into the multilevel model. Spacial-Hierarchical analysis revealed that the characteristics in the destination city has greater influence on decision to migrate of skilled workers. They are attracted to cities that have greater capacity to generate employment, and present relevant portion of their value-added determined by innovative and exporters companies. Individual characteristics such as age, wage at the destination, experience and size of company they work are also important.

Notre thèse porte sur le rôle de la libéralisation des échanges extérieurs dans les mutations qui ont eu lieu sur le marché du travail dans les pays en développement, cas de la Tunisie. Notre analyse se décompose en deux parties, la première étudie les fondements théoriques et leurs validations empiriques de la relation entre l’ouverture commerciale et le marché de l’emploi. La deuxième étudie les effets de l’ouverture commerciale sur le marché du travail tunisien. Nous présentons le degré d’intégration de la Tunisie dans l’économie mondiale ainsi que les différentes réformes du marché du travail qui ont eu lieu après l’adoption du programme d’ajustement structurel et la mise en œuvre des accords de libre-échange. Dans notre étude nous estimons un modèle à deux équations portant sur l’emploi et le salaire. Notre estimation se base sur deux approches, l’une à deux dimensions, temps et secteurs, et l’autre portant seulement sur le temps. Les principaux résultats sont:- Les importations et les exportations sont les variables les moins signifiantes car elles ont un effet marginal sur la demande de travail. À l’inverse, la production et l’emploi retardé sont les variables les plus explicatives et cela sans spécificité sectorielle. - La détermination du salaire réel dépend des importations et des exportations qui ont des effets différents à court ou à long terme selon le type de secteur (exportable, importable et non échangeable). Par ailleurs, l’emploi ainsi que la productivité des travailleurs qualifiés et non qualifiés sont des variables explicatives qui peuvent avoir une spécification sectorielle. Quant à la production, elle intervient différemment selon les secteurs. / Our thesis focuses on the role of liberalization of foreign trade in the changes that have taken place in the labor market in developing countries, notably the case of Tunisia. Our analysis is divided into two parts, the first looks at the theoretical foundations of the link between trade liberalization and labor market and their empirical validation, and the second looks at the effects of trade opening on the Tunisian labor market. We present the degree of integration of Tunisia in the global economy and the various reforms of the labor market that occurred after the adoption of the structural adjustment program and the implementation of free trade agreements, particularly with the European Union. In our study we estimate a two-equation model on employment and salary. Our estimate is based on two approaches, one in two dimensions, time and sectors, and the other only looking at the time dimension. The main results may be summarized as follows:- Imports and exports are the least meaningful variables because they have a marginal effect on labor demand. Conversely, production and employment with a time lag are the more explanatory variables without sectoral specificity.- The determination of the salary level adjusted for inflation depends on imports and exports which have different effects in the short or long term depending on the sector (exportable, importable and non-tradable). Moreover, employment and productivity of skilled and unskilled workers are explanatory variables and may have a sectoral specification. As for production, it operates differently in different sectors.

This research was prompted by the apparent lack of innovation in the South African construction industry. The aim was to obtain a better understanding of the state of innovation. The strategy involved engaging construction contractors in the mining industry to obtain information regarding their view of innovation in the construction industry. Data was collected following a mixed-method strategy. A literature review, interviews, a focus group and questionnaires formed part of the data-gathering strategy. A number of findings emerged from the study, notably that innovation is important for a contractor to facilitate differentiation, and to be more competitive. The industry has high levels of competition and low entry barriers. Relationships are complex, with clients demanding complex structures to operate at low cost and within tight schedules. Levels of investment in research and development (R&D) are generally low. There are not enough experienced and trained role-players, and the level of trust between role-players needs to be strengthened. Cooperation between industry and academics, and investment in R&D is insufficient. Government focuses too much on the empowerment of previously disadvantaged individuals, ignoring the innovation history and experience of potential contractors, which means that contractors are not motivated to be innovative. As a legislator, government is viewed as hampering innovation by not ensuring that the training of artisans is up to standard, by enforcing labour laws which do not allow for the easy transfer of skilled employees, and by neglecting to assist underperforming apprentices in improving their skills. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Construction Economics / unrestricted

Purpose of this treatise: The aim of this research is to determine, if the skilled labour shortage has had any impact on how construction projects are executed. If there is an impact the study aims to determine the nature and extent of the problem. Design/methodology/approach: A review of related literature was conducted, mainly to ensure that existing research is not replicated, in order to generate new ideas. The quantitative research approach was applied for this research. The questionnaire was designed so that scores can be easily summed in order to obtain an overall measure of the attitudes and opinions of the respondents. Findings: The results revealed that the skilled labour shortage has a negative effect on how construction projects are executed. The results further revealed that the biggest concern amongst employers and management of construction companies was the negative impact the shortage of skilled labour has on the levels of workmanship. Research limitations: The sample (construction companies) is mostly situated in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Practical implications: The research is of importance to managers and supervisors of construction companies of all sizes. The findings of this study will assist in ensuring that projects are efficiently managed irrespective of the current skills crisis in the construction industry.

The current shortage of artisans in the Nigerian house construction sector has constrained the productivity of the sector and exacerbated the nation‟s housing problem. The persistent neglect of the artisan training system has negatively impacted on the stock of artisans available for house construction projects. Nigeria‟s large and fast-growing population of over 140 million with an estimated growth rate of 3.2 percent has engendered increased investment in shelter provision; especially by individuals and families due to fast rising housing rentals- mainly in the urban centres. Past policies have not adequately addressed the realities of the skills crisis occasioned by inadequate and neglected apprenticeship training and poorly developed vocational education and training systems. The fallout of this is manifested in the difficulties faced by developers in sourcing suitably qualified and experienced artisans for house construction projects. In response to this challenge, an upsurge of migrant artisans and craftsmen from neighbouring West African nations like Togo, Benin Republic and Ghana to Nigeria has occurred in the recent times. They were attracted by building contracting firms to fill the gap created by inadequate artisan supply that is currently being experienced locally. This development is totally unacceptable as it exacerbates the overarching socio-economic problems in Nigeria, especially the already high unemployment rate which is estimated to be 23.9 percent. This study has consequently investigated the inadequate training of house construction artisans in South Western Nigeria; evolving interventions and developing a strategic model for improving the artisan training system to ensure an adequate and sustainable artisan supply in the house construction sector. The model incorporates best practices, rethinking strategies and integrated approaches in mitigating the identified challenges. The model is underpinned by reviewed literature and empirical findings. Quantitative surveys and interviews were utilised as the data sources. The research findings show that the factors which negatively impact on the artisan training system in the house construction sector include: the poor image of artisans in society; lack of recruitment strategies for attracting potential artisans; inadequate policy framework for training and employment; a faulty and rigid National Qualification Framework (NQF); the non-participation of employers in training; a poor funding mechanism; a weak regulatory framework and corrupt practices in training administration. Recommendations for addressing the inadequate training of artisans include education policy reforms to give priority to vocational education; a new regime of funding for vocational education and training; a review of the National Qualification Framework to integrate the vocational colleges with the university system; a reform of the regulatory framework; public re-orientation on the societal image of the artisans; adoption of a new approach of public- private partnership in artisan training; the provision of incentives schemes to attract potential artisans and the appropriation of the proposed model for an integrated approach to addressing the challenges.

In Canada, the non-recognition of foreign credentials remains a considerable policy issue as well as a challenge for skilled immigrants. Many studies have shed light on the difficulties that foreign professionals face when seeking a placement in the Canadian job market. This thesis focused on the experiences of professional women from Morocco on the basis of the premise that every racialized group’s immigration experience deserves a space in the literature to voice their realities and inspire policy considerations. As a result, this study focused on examining the experiences of Moroccan women in the Canadian job market and the impact thereof, on their socio-economic status, and as such, health and well-being. In order to effectively capture the experiences of this particular community, a fieldwork study was conducted in the form of semi-structured individual interviews with twelve women who immigrated to Canada from Morocco with professional qualifications. Based on the participants’ accounts, I described that systemic discrimination as manifested in Othering and racialization remain major obstacles to the realization of equal access in the Canadian labour market. All in all, this research provides valuable insight into the plight of skilled immigrants in Canada and thus, offers strong policy recommendations to facilitate a more effective integration process for this group into the Canadian Job market.

Au cœur du processus de construction de l'économie de la connaissance, les diasporas sont considérées comme des leviers du développement. Ainsi, on observe un intérêt grandissant de la part des gouvernements et des organisations internationales pour la production et la mobilisation des Diaspora Knowledge Networks. Dans le même temps, les associations de migrants sont de plus en plus nombreuses et l'émigration qualifiée en Amérique Latine atteint des sommets. En partant de ce constat, cette thèse a eu pour but d'observer les dynamiques de circulation du savoir entre l'Europe et les pays andins. Alors, cette thèse se construit autour de l'idée du partage de l'espace diasporique entre la société civile, les administrations des pays d'origine et pays de destination. La thèse consiste donc à montrer comment les modes de spatialisation diffèrent selon que l'on étudie une initiative systémique ou par le bas. Ainsi, en bénéficiant des expériences andines et européennes, à partir des organisations de la société civile, cette thèse révèle le partage des diasporas par, et entre, ses acteurs. / In the knowledge based economy building process, diasporas are seen as a development enabler. Thus we observe a growing interest of governments and international organizations in promoting and mobilizing diasporas knowledge networks, allowing them to contribute to national research and development activities in their countries of origin. In the mean time, diaspora organizations are growing and emigration of highly qualified at the highest rates ever reached in South America. Considering this situation as a starting point, this thesis was dedicated to observe dynamics of knowledge circulations between Europe and the Andean countries. In so doing, this thesis makes its point showing how the civil society, the origin countries and destination countries administrations share the diasporic space undertsood as the space of knowledge circulations. From this perspective we show that spatialization modes are different between systemic or spontanous initiatives. Thus, benefiting from andean and european experiences among civil society organizations we state that diasporas are both shared and split by their actors.