2 pp. / It is increasingly common for people to report symptoms of itching and skim problems which they attribute to bug bites even when no evidence of insects can be found. Potential causes for this phenomena are identified as well as a referral to a primary care provider for diagnosis and treatment.

Introdução: A Doença Ocupacional relacionada à pele é um importante problema de Saúde Pública atingindo milhares de trabalhadores industriais no Brasil e no mundo, trazendo sérias conseqüências econômicas e sociais, como custos com cuidados médicos, ações trabalhistas, afastamento do trabalhador do seu posto de trabalho e queda na produtividade. O objetivo geral deste estudo é realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a ocorrência de dermatoses ocupacionais em trabalhadores industriais, em particular, da indústria do cimento, bem como sobre suas causas, consequências, medidas preventivas e de promoção da saúde. O objetivo específico é propor um Programa de Promoção da saúde da pele e sua possível avaliação. Materiais e Métodos - levantamento bibliográfico e elaboração de uma proposta de um programa de promoção da saúde da pele do trabalhador na indústria do cimento no Brasil. Resultados - a pesquisa registrou a literatura existente no campo da promoção da saúde do trabalhador industrial e problemas de pele relacionados ao trabalho, nesses trabalhadores. A proposta do programa foi elaborada na forma de um modelo lógico, que consistiu no reconhecimento da exposição do trabalhador aos agentes químicos presentes nos ambientes de trabalho e nos pontos de higienização das mãos, educação em saúde e implantação de um sistema adequado e específico de higienização, restauração e proteção da pele. A avaliação do resultado foi sugerida com base no monitoramento do nível de hidratação da pele dos trabalhadores, avaliações visuais da pele e fotografias das mãos, além de questionários de percepção respondidos pelos trabalhadores. / Occupational Skin Disease is an important issue in Public Health involving million of industrial workers ìn Brazil and worldwide, bringing serious economic and social consequences like healthcare assistance costs, labour proceedings, worker absence and decrease of production. The general objective of this study is to carry out a bibliographical survey on industrial workers affected by occupational dermatosis, particularly those linked to cement industry correlating causes, consequences, preventive measures and health promotion approaches. The specific objective is to propose a skin health promotion program and its possible evaluation. Methods and Material - bibliographical survey and a skin health promotion program proposal at a cement industry in Brasil. Results - the research has showed the currently literature in health promotion for industrial workers and skin problems related to the developed activities. The program suggestion was constructed in a logical model in relation to recognizing the worker exposure to chemical agents that can exist in the occupational environment and at handwashing stations, education health and one specific hand care system for hand hygiene, skin restoration and protection. The result evaluation was suggested considering the worker's skin hydration level, as well as visual evaluations and hand pictures, besides the perception questionnaires answered by the workers.

Introdução: A Doença Ocupacional relacionada à pele é um importante problema de Saúde Pública atingindo milhares de trabalhadores industriais no Brasil e no mundo, trazendo sérias conseqüências econômicas e sociais, como custos com cuidados médicos, ações trabalhistas, afastamento do trabalhador do seu posto de trabalho e queda na produtividade. O objetivo geral deste estudo é realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre a ocorrência de dermatoses ocupacionais em trabalhadores industriais, em particular, da indústria do cimento, bem como sobre suas causas, consequências, medidas preventivas e de promoção da saúde. O objetivo específico é propor um Programa de Promoção da saúde da pele e sua possível avaliação. Materiais e Métodos - levantamento bibliográfico e elaboração de uma proposta de um programa de promoção da saúde da pele do trabalhador na indústria do cimento no Brasil. Resultados - a pesquisa registrou a literatura existente no campo da promoção da saúde do trabalhador industrial e problemas de pele relacionados ao trabalho, nesses trabalhadores. A proposta do programa foi elaborada na forma de um modelo lógico, que consistiu no reconhecimento da exposição do trabalhador aos agentes químicos presentes nos ambientes de trabalho e nos pontos de higienização das mãos, educação em saúde e implantação de um sistema adequado e específico de higienização, restauração e proteção da pele. A avaliação do resultado foi sugerida com base no monitoramento do nível de hidratação da pele dos trabalhadores, avaliações visuais da pele e fotografias das mãos, além de questionários de percepção respondidos pelos trabalhadores. / Occupational Skin Disease is an important issue in Public Health involving million of industrial workers ìn Brazil and worldwide, bringing serious economic and social consequences like healthcare assistance costs, labour proceedings, worker absence and decrease of production. The general objective of this study is to carry out a bibliographical survey on industrial workers affected by occupational dermatosis, particularly those linked to cement industry correlating causes, consequences, preventive measures and health promotion approaches. The specific objective is to propose a skin health promotion program and its possible evaluation. Methods and Material - bibliographical survey and a skin health promotion program proposal at a cement industry in Brasil. Results - the research has showed the currently literature in health promotion for industrial workers and skin problems related to the developed activities. The program suggestion was constructed in a logical model in relation to recognizing the worker exposure to chemical agents that can exist in the occupational environment and at handwashing stations, education health and one specific hand care system for hand hygiene, skin restoration and protection. The result evaluation was suggested considering the worker's skin hydration level, as well as visual evaluations and hand pictures, besides the perception questionnaires answered by the workers.

Bakgrund : Felaktiga arbetsställningar utgör ett dominerande arbetsmiljöproblem inom frisöryrket. Ett stort problem är också kemiska preparat som orsakar hudirritation och handeksem. Frisörer arbetskadeanmäler oftare belastningsskador och uppger oftare hudöverkänslighet än personer i andra branscher. Syfte : Syftet med studien var att beskriva i vilken utsträckning som ergonomiska besvär och hudbesvär förekommer på frisörsalonger i Gävleborgs län och om förebyggande åtgärder vidtas för dessa besvär. Metod : Detta är en retrospektiv tvärsnittsstudie med kvantitativ ansats med deskriptiv dataanalys. En webbenkät har skickats ut till 87 frisörer i Gävleborgs län, 50 personer har deltagit. Resultat : Resultatet visade att 36 av 50 personer uppgav att de hade ergonomiska besvär, främst från axlar/skuldror och nacke vilket förekom hos 25 personer. På de flesta salonger uppgavs att det fanns hjälpmedel för att förebygga besvär från nacke, axlar, skuldror, rygg och nedre extremiteter. De flesta uppgav att de använde de hjälpmedel som fanns och utövade fysisk aktivitet för att förebygga sina besvär på egen hand. En övervägande del svarade att inga hjälpmedel fanns på arbetet för att förebygga ergonomiska besvär från övre extremiteter. De flesta uppgav att de inte gjorde något på egen hand för att förebygga besvär från övre extremiteter. Det var 14 av 50 frisörer som uppgav att de hade hudbesvär på händerna. Handskar uppgavs som det främst förekommande hjälpmedlet på arbetet och de flesta uppgav att de använde dessa. Handkräm uppgavs som främst förekommande för egenvård. Slutsats : Ungefär tre fjärdedelar av frisörerna i Gävleborgs län uppgav att de hade ergonomiska besvär. Nästan en tredjedel av frisörerna uppgav att de hade hudbesvär på händerna. De allra flesta uppgav att de använde befintliga hjälpmedel och förebyggde både ergonomiska besvär och hudbesvär. Nyckelord: Arbetsrelaterade besvär, ergonomiska besvär, frisör, förebyggande, hjälpmedel, hudbesvär. / Introduction: Incorrect posture is a dominant health problem in the hairdressing profession. A significant problem is also chemicals that cause skin irritation and hand eczema. Hairdressers report musculoskeletal and skin sensitization more frequently than people in other professions. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which ergonomic problems and skin problems occur in hairdressing salons in Gävleborg, and if preventive measures are taken for these problems. Method: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study with quantitative data with descriptive data analysis. A web survey was sent out to 87 salons in Gävleborg, 50 people took part in the study. Results: The results showed that 36 of 50 people said they had ergonomic problems, mainly from the shoulders and neck which were reported by 25 people. Most salons had aid tools to prevent problems from neck, shoulders, back and from lower extremities. The majority of the hairdressers use the aid tools, mainly sadel chairs. The hairdressers practiced physical activity to prevent ergonomic problems. The majority responded that no aid tools were available at work to prevent ergonomic disorders of upper extremities. Most said they did not do anything on their own to prevent symptoms from upper limbs. There were 14 of 50 hairdressers who reported having skin problems on their hands. Gloves were the main aid available at work and hand cream mainly occurring in self-care. Conclusion: Approximately three-quarters of the hairdressers in Gävleborg had ergonomic problems. One third of the hairdressers had skin problems on their hands. The vast majority used the provided aid tools and prevented both the ergonomic problems and skin problems. Keywords: Aid tools, ergonomic problems, hairdresser, prevention, skin problems, work-related problems

M. Tech. (Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / Context: Pelargonium alchemilliodes L L' Her is an evergreen shrub, cultivated principally for the medicinal essence and decoction in Southern Africa for the treatment of skin problems, and wounds. Objective: the aim of the study was to optimize the extraction of phenolics and flavonoids from P. graveolens by response surface methodology with particular attention on the proliferative and cytotoxic effects on human keratinocytes, as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial activities and also to isolate active compounds. Materials and Methods: The optimization was achieved by Box-Behnken design. Extract, metabolite yields, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by gravimetric, spectrophotometric, and microdilution methods, respectively. The antiradical potentials were evaluated using the phosphomolybdate. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and lipid peroxidation assays, the diterpenoids were isolated and purified using open column chromatography, PTLC, and characterized with FTIR, NMR. The kinetics of the lipid protective activity was studied and fitted into models. The proliferative and cytotoxic effects were evaluated using the CellTiter® Blue cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase assay. Results: The regression coefficient r2 ≥ 0.9775 indicated a close correlation between actual and predicted values of the responses. The ideal parameter for the extraction of phenolics and flavonoids by macerations was determined as an extraction time: 9.63-12.01 h, material mass: 2.62-3.00 g, agitation speed: 143.11-197.11 rpm, and solvent volume: 68.06-69.87 mL. The optimal extractable acetone and methanol crude, flavonoids, and phenolic are (28.87±2.15%, 24.11±1.15%), (7.11±1.03 mg QE/g, 5.98±0.87 mg QE/g) and (58.08±0.88 mg GAE/g, 55.91±1.15 mg GAE/g), respectively. The detected different chemical groups of polyphenolic compounds such as alkaloids, saponins , sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols and cardiac glycosides from methanol and acetone extracts were in correlation with optimized yields. Two triterpenoids compounds 1-hydroxy-30-norlanosta-6, 8-diene and 1 2,3,4a,8,9,10,10a-octahydro-2-(2-hydroxypent-4-enyl)-4a-vinyl-1H-benzo[c]chromen-6(10bH)-one were isolated form methanol extracts. The main components of essential oils were citronellal (5.99%), citranellol (26.2%), geraniol (8.56%), citronellyl butyrate (20.3%), trans-farnesol (9.53%) and they were characterized by high amounts of oxygenated hydrocarbons (67.6%), followed by sesquterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpene (9.32%) and the least being mornoterpene hydrocarbons (5.20%). Total antioxidant capacity and reducing power were comparable to standard gallic acid, while the antiradical activity has IC50 value of 0.18±0.03-8.98±0.15 mg/mL. Further, the lipid protective revealed a dose-dependent activity fitting into a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. MIC value of 1.56 mg/mL for extracts was registered against Staphylococcus aureus and salmonella typhi comparable to chloramphenicol. There was a significant (P < 0.05) increase in cell proliferation and viability when the extract was administered at concentrations of ≤50 μg/mL. However, at ≥100 μg/mL concentrations at ≤ 1000 μg/mL for essential oil exhibited a significnt cytotoxicity in comparison to the untreated cell. Conclusion: These biological activities are confirmation of the phytomedicinal application and possible source of pharmaceutical compounds. However, administration of the decoction should take into cognizance the antiproliferative effect at doses ≥100 μg/mL as well as the potential to induce and maintain keratinocyte proliferation at low concentration with an eye on the antiproliferative effect at concentrations ≥100 μg/mL, except the P. Alchemilliodes essential oils at ≤ 1000 μg/mL.