The Master's thesis was focused on the estimation of the quality of carcasses and meat of bulls from the Czech fleckvieh cattle with the genotype TT and CT for leptin. The experiment was carried out on 121 slaughter modified bodies. The effect of slaughter age of bulls, the slaughter weight, the "nett" increment and the classifica-tion in the SEUROP system was analyzed. Within the frame of morphometric analysis were provably (p < 0,01) the highest proportions almost in all of the analyzed parts (leg length, leg plenitude, leg circumfer-ence, leg spiral circumference, forequarter length and thorax semi circuit) ascertained by the bulls of the highest age and weight categories (aged 701 -- 822 days or life weight 701 -- 890 kg). A positive correlation was discovered between the class of conformation assessed by the SEUROP methodology and JUT weight when by the deteriorating class of conformation "U" > "R" > "O" was the weight of carcasses (428 > 341 > 294 kg) declining. The lowest content of meat (72,54 +- 2,53 %) with the highest content of separable tallow (10,22 +- 3,24 %) was proved on slaughter bodies of bulls of the highest weight category which is not good especially for the meat processor. The greatest per-cent of dry meat (26,08 %) was provably (p < 0,01) found by the bulls that are most intensively growing, whereas this category of bulls also reaches the highest qualities in the parameter of meat energy value (5797,13 kJ.kg-1). The technologic parameters were provably not influenced by the levels of evaluated factors although some exceptions appeared. The statistically evidential (p < 0,01) differences were noticeable in the size of the area musculus longissimus et thoracis (MLT) when the greatest area MLT (104,24 +- 11,03 cm2) was stated by the bulls slaughtered in the highest age (701 -- 822 days), whereas the strength of muscular fibers was by all three age categories comparable.

The aim of this thesis was to conduct the ethological observation of the meat cows´ maternal behaviour in the period of calving. The observation was realized on the farm with utility breeding of meat cows Milná at an altitude of 800 m, where two herds (A, B) of 20 heads were formed. In herd A, there were horned crossbred cows of Masný Simentál breed that were placed on the pastures, including 20 ha winter rally, year-round. In herd B, there were also the crossbred cows of Masný Simentál breed that were stabled in the empty reconstructed shed organized in boxes during the wintertime. In herd A, 55% of cows calved during the daylight. The biggest incidence of parturitions was registered from 6:30 to 8:30 am (36 %). 65 % of cows calved out of the herd in the distance from 200 m to 450 m. The first suction at 90% of calves happened without the keeper´s assistance. Among the stabled cows, only 25 % of them calved during the daylight, mainly from 7:00 to 8:00 am. 50% of cows calved in the corridor. The first suction without the keeper´s assistance occurred at 85 % of calves. Placement of meat cows into the shed during winter proved to be suitable due to better care of both the cow and the calf. Cows winter in better climatic conditions that can, for example, positively influence their longevity. Devastation of the winter rally lands decreases markedly.

Main aim of the diploma thesis was the analysis of Highland cattle herd and presentation of possibilities of this breed usage in mountain and submoutain areas in the area of the Czech Republic with respect to production of breeding stock and beef. Secondary target was to evaluate the longevity and length of productive life phase of cows of this breed and to describe all management procedures of the studied herd. On the ecological farm with extensive breeding of Highland cattle where the research was done total number of 60 cows and 101 calfs was bred. The structure of cows was analysed according to the year of birth, number of calves, calving interval, age at the first calving and birth difficulty. The average age of cows in the herd was 5 years and maximum number of calves per cow was 11. Calving interval was up to 350 days in 20.4% of the breeding cows, however 14.8% of cows experienced calving interval even more than 710 days. The age at the time of first calving was up to 4 years and the birth difficulty was classified as 100% without any human help. The calves reached in the years 2014 and 2015 an average weight at the age of 120 days 120 kg and 129 kg respectively. At the age of 210 days the weights were 177 kg and 182 kg respectively. The average daily gains were 825 g and 735 g in case of 120 days and 884 g and 772 g in case of 210 days respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. The average weight of steers at the age of 20 months was approx. 335 kg and slaughter weight at 46 months was 563 kg in average. It can be claimed that with appropriate herd management comparable results can be reached under average conditions in the Czech Republic. This also means that a satisfying economic profit is attainable

This diploma thesis was focused on comparison of movement activity of dairy cows of Czech Fleckvieh Breed and Holstein Breed. Three herds of Czech Fleckvieh Breed and three herds of Holstein Breed were chosen on six farms. An observation of movement activity of dairy cows took place using pedometers during one year. Gained data was processed afterwards and then the comparison of breed influence on their movement activity was made. Possible effect of season on movement activity and effect of movement activity on efficiency was taken into account. The observation did not prove any difference of moving activity between observed breeds.

Research in this diploma thesis was focused on monitoring of the beef cattle parasites and periodically was done from April 2015 to November 2015 on three different farms in two different regions (Vysočina and Středočeský region) in the Czech Republic. 20 samples of fresh faeces were collected every month from each farm during morning. Processing and consequent evaluation of samples took place in parasitology laboratory at State Veterinary Institute in Jihlava. Samples were evaluated using a relatively new coprological technique FLOTAC, developed in Italy and recommended for parasitological qualitative and quantitative analysis of large farm animal eggs and oocysts. For each farm two pooled samples (10 g each) by subtracting 1 g of faeces from individual samples were used. Results were evaluated and statistically analysed by statistical software Statistica 13. There was occurrence of eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes (family Trichostrongylidae), tapeworms (Moniezia spp.) and oocysts of coccidia (Eimeria spp.) on all of the farms. Only on the farm 3 there was also occurrence of fluke eggs (Paramphistomum spp.). From the results it was evident, that farms that administered anthelmintic to livestock had significantly lower amounts of EPG/OPG in animal faeces. Despite of using pooled samples, method proved to be reliable and sensitive for monitoring of developing stages of livestock parasites. Even low amount of eggs or oocysts in animal faeces were detected by coprological technique FLOTAC.

The aim of this study was to evaluate research of reproduction indicators on the level of milk production and the quality of the milk on selected farm. Materials for processing thesis were obtained on Oldřich Poláček´s Farm Hole. Mr. Poláček´s farm is located in Central Bohemia and manages 380 ha of arabe land. The farm bred Holstein cows, for now there are 190 dairy cows of this breed. The indicators of milk production and reproduction were observed from 2013 to 2015. Results of the observed farm were compared with results of milk yield of Holstein cattle breeders association in the Czech Republic. The data were analyzed and statistically processed using SAS 9.3 (SAS / STAT; 9.3, 2011). To determine the basic parameters of the files were used MEANS procedures and UNIVARIATE. Evaluation of milk yield and indicators of reproduction was based on the results obtained from the recorded milk production of cows done by Holstein cattle breeders association and stable computer system AFIFARM. To evaluate the data were used 104 dairy cows, which had last two standardized lactation completed in the test years from 2013 to 2015 and 121 dairy cows, which had the first standardized lactation completed in 2014 or 2015. For the milk yield were evaluated parameters of kilograms of milk per lactation, kilograms of milk per day, fat (%), protein (%) milk, depending on reproduction (days open, calving interval, age at the first calving) and lactation order. Milk yield on the farm in 2015 was above the national average in Czech Republic. For dairy cows with the first lactation was up to 8 536 kilograms per standardized lactacion, for dairy cows with second lactation was up to 10 928 kg, and for dairy cows with third and more lactation was up to 10 864 kg. The average content of 3,71% fat and 3,28% protein. The influence of lactation negatively impacted % protein (r = -0.278). Conclusiveness was on the significance level (P <0.001). The highest protein content was on the first lactation 3,40%, and lowest in the fifth lactation 3,20%. Statistically failed to demonstrate the influence of the order of lactation on the milk yield per standardized lactation, kilograms of milk and % of fat content. The positive effect was shown between milk yield per lactation in kg and daily milk yield in kg (r = 1). Conclusiveness was on the significance level (P <0,001). The lowest daily milk yield on the first lactation was (30,24 kg) with the production of 9223,06 kg of milk and the highest on the third lactation (47,43 kg) with the production of 14466,76 kg of milk. Increasing of milk production per lactation had a negative effect on the % of fat content (r = -0,137), and % of protein content (r = -0.196). Conclusiveness was on the significance level (P <0.05). With increasing milk production declined % of fat content and % of protein content. Statistically failed to demonstrate the influence of the milk production per lactacion on the open days and the calving interval. Effect was demonstrated between the % of fat content and protein content in % (r = 0,501) at a level of significance (P <0,001). With increasing of fat content in%, increased also the the protein content in %. The lowest protein content (3,20%) was with a 3,66% of fat content. The highest protein content (3,40%) was with a 3,68% of fat content. Age at first calving of dairy cows negatively impacted on % of the fat content of milk (r = -0,186). Conclusiveness was on the significance level (P <0,05). With age increasing at first calving declined % of fat content in milk. There was also demonstrated a connexion between the standardized lactacion and days open (r= 0,227). Conclusiveness was on to the level of significance (P <0,05). With open days increasing the amond of milk per lactacion was higher.

The goal of the thesis was an evaluation of the growth rate of calfs since their birth up until to the 365th day of their life, and reproductive performance in a selected group of the Charolais cattle. Data was gathered from the results of a utility-control carried out by a selected farm (UFARM spol. s.r.o.) from 2009 to 2014. This farm has been operating in an ecological system since 2007. A total of 806 calves has been evaluated. Several factors were selected (sex, lifespan, breed frequency, order of fertilizations, development of delivery, breeding technique, year and month of birth of the calves) that were supposed to prove the influence on the calves' growth rate. From the reproductive factors the meantime, during which was the year's development observed and breeding technique were selected. Statistical programme SAS 9.3, procedures MEANS, UNIVARIATE, REG, CORR, STEPWISE and MIXED were used to obtain results. From the results of statistical evaluation, it was possible to prove, that delivery development is affected by weight on the level of significance P < 0,001. The insignificant influence on the growth until the age of 120 days (P < 0,05), weight in 210 days (P < 0,05) and growth until the age of 210 days (P < 0,05) was interesting as well. After observing the influence of the fertilization order on the calf's growth developement, it is fair to state that the order of fertilization has a strong influence only on the calf's weight during delivery (P < 0,001). Birth weight varied strongly in all of the listed fertilization orders (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and higher) on the level of significance. Calfs born to a heifers weighed the least on average (43, 03 kg). On the contrary, the highest average weight of a newborn calves was observed by mothers that gave fourth (45, 68 kg), eighth and higher fertilization (45,69 kg). The influence of sexual dimorphism on the development of all growth factors of calves is apparent from the results (weight and growth since birth to the 365th day of life) and benefits the males (bulls) with the level of sigficance P < 0,001. One year's influece has been proven on almost all of the calves' growth factors (weight and growth since birth to the age of 365 days) on the significance level P < 0,001. Further observation showed that year 2009 had no influence on weight in 120 days and growth up until 120 days. Years 2012 and 2013 had no influence on calves' weight at 365 days, as well as on growth at 365 days. In 2014, on average highest, statistically proven values in all the monitored parameters. Furthermore, influence of the month, in which the calf was born, has been proven to have influence on weight at 210 days, growth at 210 days, growth (up to day 365) and weight at 365 days (P < 0,05). During further observation, statistically relevant differences depending on the month of birth have been recorded only in growth up to 210 days and in weight on day 365 (P < 0,05). The heaviest calves at the age of 365 were those born in March and, on the other hand, those born in April weighed the least. The chosen breeding technique influeced particularly the growth since birth (P < 0,01), weight at 210 days (P < 0,01) and growth until 210 days (P < 0,05). Less influenced is the weight at 120 days and growth up to 120 days of age. Except for the birth weight, the values of growth coefficients were higher in natural breeding. Analysis of results proved multiparity to be influetial on the calves' growth rate. Litter size influenced foremost the birth weight, weight at 120 and 210 days, and growth up to 120 days of age and 210 days of age on the significance level P < 0,01. A statistically less significant influence of the (litter size / breeding frequency) on the growth since birth and weight at 365 days was observed. All of the growth coefficients were higher in one offspring (only child/calf). The selected factors (calf's year of birth and fertilization method) had a statistically significant influence on the postpartum anestrus (P < 0,001). The duration of postpartum interval varied in all monitored years (2009/2014) on the significance level P < 0,01. On average, the highest number of days had the postpartum interval in 2012 (379,60) and the least number of days had the 2009 postpartum interval (282,50). postpartum inverval duration is proven to be influenced by the breeding technique on the significance level P < 0,01. Only in 2009 and in inseminated cows did the average length of the postpartum interval not meet the requirements set by breeding objective of the charoalais cattle.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the influence of internal influences on the production and milk quality on selected farm. Data for preparation of this thesis were obtained on a farm in Skalica in Frydek-Mistek belonging to the joint-stock company Beskyd Agro. Data used in this thesis were evaluated for two years (1.10.2013-30.9.2014, 1.10.2014-30.9.2015). Data were analyzed and statistically processed using Microsoft Excel software. Evaluation of milk production and reproductive performance were based on the results obtained from regular inspections. For milk yield parameters were evaluated milk yield (kg) Fat (%, kg) Protein (%, kg) of milk somatic cell count (SB) depending upon reproduction and lactation. Evaluated herd were divided into 2 groups: I. lactation, II. lactation and the next lactation. Hypothesis: Worsening indicators of reproduction have negative impact on the level of milk production and its components. The final evaluation of the data were used, comprising 280 cows of Holstein cattle, which were included in monitoring performance period. The results show that the average length of the interim period was around 416 days in average.Milk yield was 10,062 kg of milk with fat contents of 4.21%, 3.37% proportion of protein and somatic cell count 477.75 thousand / ml. The difference in milk yield of heifers at first (9 326.38 kg) and second lactation (9 901.47 kg) reached 575.09 kg. Maximum milk production was achieved on 4th lactation, when milk yield reached 10 432.16 kg per lactation. Positive effect was demonstrated between the % fat content and protein content in%. With the increase in the% fat content, and increased protein content in%. The highest value of the average amount of fat has been statistically proven at 5th lactation and values of 4.18%. For proteins the highest number was reached during the lactation no. 6 with values of 3.40%. The best values were obtained in lactation number 4., where the rate reached the following parameters: milk yield per lactation 10,432, 16 kg daily milk yield: 34.20 kg fat: 4.08% protein: 3.35%. It was determined that the amount of milk yield per lactation in kg was positively affected by the value of the daily milk yield in kg, with the value (r = 1st) verified at a significance level (P <0.001). Increased milk yield per lactation kg should result in an increase daily milk yield. The negative impact was demonstrated in representating % fat content of milk (r = -0.653) and protein (r = -0.442) at the level of significance (P <0.001). Increased milk yield per lactation in kg was negatively effected and reduced the component of fat and protein. Milk yield per lactation had a positive effect on service period. Positive effect on milk yield heifers was demonstrated in service period and with a positive value (r = 0.327) with evidential significance level (P <0.05). Effect of milk yield per lactation, age at first calving was not demonstrated. Effect of daily milk yield in kg of milk, had a negative effect on the proportion of components in % fat (r = -0.653) and protein (r = -0.442). Conclusive came to the level of significance (P <0.001). Increase in daily milk yield will reduce the content of components of protein and fat milk. The positive impact of the daily milk yield was demonstrated in connection with the service period (r = 0.247) at a level of significance (P <0.05). Increasing daily milk yield, this will extend the service period. From the resulting data, negative effect on lactation representation% protein content (r = -0.288) and fat (r = -0.052) with evidential significance level (P <0.001) was determined . Effect of lactation on milk yield per lactation, daily milk yield, calving interval and service period has been shown. Daily milk yield in kg of milk is affected by the amount of milk yield per lactation in kg (r = 1). Conclusive came to the level of significance (P <0.001). Increased milk yield per lactation is proportional to increase of daily milk yield. Milk yield per lactation negatively affected% of fat content (r = -0.187) and% representation of protein (r = -0, 208). Conclusive came to the level of significance (P <0.05). Increasing milk yield per lactation kg reduces% fat and protein. The relationship between milk yield per lactation in kg, service period, and interim periods has not been demonstrated. Effect of daily milk yield in kg, had a negative effect on the% fat content (r = -0, 187) and protein (r = -0.208) with evidential significance level (P <0.05). Reduced% protein content and milk fat is a result of increased daily milk yield in kg. Effect of daily milk yield on service period and the interim has not been demonstrated. Fat content in% and the protein in% (r = 0.603) were demonstrated at a level of significance (P <0.001). Increased if the% fat content, increased the% protein content. The positive effect was demonstrated between service period and interim periods (r = 0.266) with evidential significance level (P <0.001). The longer the period of service increases the length meantime. It was confirmed that with increasing lactation milk yield as per lactation, daily milk yield and milk components content.

The thesis describes the problems of traditional and automatic systems for the cattle feeding. The theoretical part briefly review the methods of cattle feeding and compared to traditional methods of feeding, less automated and highly automated technological lines for the cattle feeding. Intend of the work was to use the acquired knowledge and perform technical and economic assessment of various methods for the cattle feeding.

The purpose of this thesis was to determine the influence and mutual relation between the body condition of cow and the weight of calfs at birth, at 120 and 210 days of age. Next, the influence of the breeding cows body condition on the conception rate was examined. As hypothesis served the assumption that cows with optimal body condition (assesed via the BCS systém, levels 5 and 6) would have the highest conception rate and that their calfs would achieve the expected level of results at the inspection weighting. By contrast, at cows classified by the BCS system as a lower levels e.g. 4 or higher levels e.g. 7 and higher, the conception rate would decrease and the calfs would achieve worse levels at the inspection weighting. For the evaluation, 81 cows with their calves were observed. The beginning of evaluation of the mothers condition began always approximately a week after the calving and further evaluations continued in monthly intervals. In total, six body condition assessments were made with every specimen. For the processing of data, the SAS 9.3 programme was used, namely MEANS, UNIVARIATE, CORR, REG and MIXED procedures. The influence of BCS levels on the weight of calves at birth, at 120 and 210 days of age was not statistically significant (P > 0,05). But if we compare the occuring BCS levels in this work with the stated required range (BCS 5 to 7), the conclusion can be made that the results confirm the hypothesis. Also, a positive correlation occured between the occuring BCS level in the second assesment (P < 0,05) and the weight of calves at 120 days of age, as well as in levels of BCS in first (P < 0,01), second (P < 0,001), third (P < 0,05) assesment and the weight of the calves at 210 days of age. The influence of individual BCS levels on the conception rate was also studied. Here, the influence was also not statistically confirmed (P > 0,05), but the comparison between the occurring BCS levels and the stated optimal range (BCS 5 to 7), the conclusion that the results confirm the hypothesis can be stated. The order of cows calving has statistically important influence on the weight of the calves at birth, at 120 and 210 days of age. The best results were achieved by dams on the 6th and subsequent calving (P < 0,01 and P < 0,05). A positive correlation on the level of importance P = 0,05 was detected, between the order of the calving and pregnancy, but the statistically important influence was not confirmed (P > 0,05). The influence of the calving month on the weight of the calves was confirmed only at weights at 210 days of age. The highest values were achieved by calves born in April (P < 0,01). The influence of sex on the weight of the calves at birth, at 120 and 210 days of age was also studied. Higher values were achieved by bulls (P < 0,05). The weight of the calves at birth affects the calving difficulty. Mothers with calves of lesser weight had demonstrably easier calving (P < 0,01). In the case of difficult calvings, the influence of calves weight on calving was not proven (P > 0,05).