The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the level of performance of Aberdeen Angus beef cattle breed bred in Less-favoured areas in southern Bohemia. This evaluation was carried out on Mr. Lepša?s farm in the years 2010 and 2011. 74 basic herd cows and 108 purebred calves born during this period were selected for this purpose. The date of birth, number of births, age at first calving and the average time interval between calving were checked on cows and the date of birth, the weight at birth and the weight in the age of 120 and 210 days were checked on calves. Average daily increments in the interval from birth to 120 days of age, from 120 to 210 days of age and from the day of birth to 210 days were calculated. The group of calves was sorted out by following parameters. Year of birth; sex and year of birth; month of birth; order of calving of the mother. Microsoft Excel was used for processing the statistic data. Basic statistical characteristics for the monitored parameters were calculated and differences between groups were verified by single-factor analysis of variance (F-test) and paired t-tests for the corresponding levels of significance. Breeding cows were evaluated by age and number of births. Cows with 1 (23%) or 2 (17.6%) births are represented in the largest number in the herd including even the cows with 15 births. Cows at first calving reached an average age of 813 days and average length of the interval between calving was 393 days. Calves regardless of sex reached the average birth weight of 33.72 kg in the year 2010, 33.31 kg in 2011, in 120 days of age the average live weight reached 207.95 kg in 2010, 202.94 kg in 2011 and calves in 210 days of age reached an average weight of 309.61 kg in 2010 and in 2011 306.09 kg. Average daily gain of calves from birth to 120 days reached 1451 g in 2010, 1.413 g in 2011, between 120 and 210 days of age the average daily gain was 1413 g in 2010, 1169 in 2011 and in the period from birth to 210 days of age it was 1314 g in 2010 and 1299 g in 2011. Analysis of breeding from economic perspective by comparing revenues (including subventions) and expenditures in each year resulted in findings that the breeding is moderately profitable and it follows that without subventions which constitute an important part of the revenue would be difficult to realize this breeding.

The thesis Difference between business production of dairy cattle and beef cattle breed is focused on quantification the differences between dairy and beef cattle breed. Main objects of observation were differences in the number of born and dead calves, the differences in negative selection of cows, average states of heifers during one year, average number of fattening bulls and young bulls destined to fattening , and also differences between revenues of milk and sold animals. This information was gathered on two farms with cattle production, one is dairy farm on South-Moravia region and another with beef cattle is in Moravian-Silesian region. All was observed in year 2016. The results of this thesis were that difference of all business production between dairy farm × beef cattle farm could be until 53 036,5 Kč/cow/year for dairy cow farm. Dairy cattle farm earned almost 30 799 824 Kč for year, with no subsidy. The 77,8 % of revenues was formed by milk and 22,2 % was formed by slaughter animals. The beef cattle farm earned 2 509 888 Kč for year 2016, with no subsidy. Difference between the number of born and dead calves was almost identical. Approximate natality in dairy farm was 91,2 %, in beef farm was 95,5 %. The number of dead calves was in both farms same, 10 %. About negative selection of cows, there was bigger selection in dairy farm (20.51 %), than on beef farm, where was lower selection (8,15 %). In average states of heifers in category from 6 months to 1 year the states were different in seasons, when in June and July there were no heifers in beef farm. The states in category of 1 year to 2 years were judged as a contradictory, because in months where on dairy farm states grew up, the states on beef farm falls. The category of heifers in 2 years and older was the most same and the lower state were in both on the beginning of the year and higher on the end of the year. About the fattening bulls, in both farms were different production (fattening × production of young bulls and heifers). The dairy farm has earned for fattening bulls all year long. The September was the month where the both farms sell the most animals. In this month the beef farm sold all young animals. The exception was two breed bulls sold in the half of the year.

This thesis deals with load of carbon dioxide on large and small farm, which is subsequently converted by digestibility coefficients of nutrients to the equivalent carbon dioxide. The objects of the calculation are two given farms, located in the Zlín Region. Small farm entertain with 15 pieces of pig sows in a closed herd turnover and large farm breeding cattle herds with a turnover of 100 dairy cows. From the sales of the pig herds on a small farm, I found a total feed consumption, which is 133.5 tons per year, which I calculated the carbon content received from the compound feed, which is 50.35 tons and 3.08 tons of nitrogen per calendar year. Pigs in the feces excrete 8.12 tons of carbon and 0.52 tons of nitrogen. Pigs consume 0.36 tons of carbon and 0.44 tons of nitrogen per ton of edible particles in the meat. To produce 1 kg of meat consumes 0.246 kg of carbon. On a dairy farm income in total 1,645.29 tons of compound feed per year in which they adopt 609.61 tons of carbon and 31.23 tons of nitrogen. In feces they excrete 156.84 tons of carbon and 8.05 tons of nitrogen. In the milk is eliminated 42.78 tons 2.51 tons of carbon and nitrogen. The herd turnover of 31 bulls with the increments 1.4 kg / day 210.53 tons annually consume feed mixtures from which bulls take 71.70 tons, and 3.21 tons of carbon. In feces they excrete 18.09 tons and 1.10 tons of carbon and nitrogen in the meat, at the slaughterhouse is excluded 4.49 tons 0.35 tons of carbon and nitrogen. At the turn of the herd of bulls with the increments of 33.7 1.7 kg / day annually consumes 265.49 tons of feed mixtures from which the bulls take 71.70 tons and 3.21 tons of carbon nitrogen. In feces they excrete 21.35 tons and 1.35 tons of carbon and nitrogen in the meat, at the slaughterhouse is excluded 4.88 tons 0.38 tons of carbon and nitrogen. To produce 1 kg of meat bulls consume 0.248 kg of carbon. In conclusion are recommendations to reduce emissions at the farm which is needed.

The goal of the thesis is to evaluate the haematologic indicators of red blood cells depending to the physiological condition and yield of cattle, sheep and dogs. The evaluation of qualitative parameters of red blood cells included 59 dairy cows, 57 meat cows, 62 sheep and 73 dogs. The evaluation of the haematologic parameters of cattle was performed based on the production (yield) type and by season; that of sheep, by season, age and sex of lambs; and that of dogs, by sex, age and size - weight. The yield types showed statistically significant difference between the number or erythrocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, MCV and MCH concentration. The dairy cows showed seasonal fluctuations of the number of erythrocytes, haematocrit and haemoglobin; the meat cows showed fluctuations of the haemoglobin, MCH and MCHC values. The age influenced higher values of erythrocytes in sheep and lower values of MCV and MCH in lambs. The sex of lambs did not lead to significant differences. The evaluation of dogs by age showed differences of haematocrit and haemoglobin values. The dog size (weight) and the sex did not have demonstrable influence on haematologic values. Anaemia was found in 36 % dairy cows (it did not occur in meat cattle) and in 2 sheep (3 %). By most authors, anaemia was not found in dogs.

The aim of this thesis was to obtain and evaluate information from behavioural monitoring of beef cattle herd (cows, bull, calves) reared in the suckler system in the year-round grazing. The beef herd situated in the Pilsen region near Přeštice and is owned by private breeder was chosen for observation. Basic herd consisted of 20 cows with calves and one Charolais sire. There were three ethological observations, two observations in 2014 and one observation in 2015, duration of observations was 24 hours. The course of each category of behaviour was recorded by interval group method with interval length of 5 minutes. Activities as feed intake, rest, standing and movement. It was also reported comfort, sexual and maternal behaviour within the herd. The longest period of cows feed intake was recorded at the end of the grazing season (30.56% of the day, i.e. 7.33 hours). In contrast, feed intake took cattle in the winter months only 28.31% of the day (6.8 hours). Values in the standing category were not substantially different during the year. The longest standing time in the spring and autumn (5.97 hours respectively. 5.95 hours), standing time in the winter was shortened to 5.56 hours. Locomotion activity of animals in the spring reached 7.78%, i.e. 1.87 hour and due to the fact that cattle was still fed hay, but also first low vegetation started to grow in some areas and animals on its wintering actively sought it. In contrast, in the autumn the value was only 2.43%, i.e. 0.58 hours of the day due to sufficient suitable pasture. In the winter due to bad weather conditions, the value also decreased to 7.8%, i.e. 1.88 hours of the day. The longest representation of rest category in form of laying was recorded in the herd in autumn at level of 10.13 hours of the day (i.e. 40.22% of the day). In the spring rest category took 9.00 hours (i.e. 37.48%). The form of animal husbandry at the farm was in correspondence with the natural biorhythms of the animals and allowed them to freely demonstrate natural instincts and behaviour. Based on the findings it is possible to judge that the system of suckler beef herds is useful in terms of ensuring animal welfare and Charolais breed is exercisable under those conditions.

An experiment was conducted with adding an agent based on 1,3 and 1,6 beta-glucans to standard cattle nutrition (TMR), which was regularly tested for content of some important mycotoxins, in order to gain knowledge about possible positive effect of this agent on the health of dairy cattle and about possible avoidance of negative effects of mycotoxins on dairy cattle due to their structural elimination caused by the agent. Using data from a control sample it is also able to determine some effects of mycotoxins contained in nutrition on dairy cattle in general. Throughout the four months long experiment, which took in place at Farm Sebranice in the Czech Republic, six groups of dairy cattle were fed alternately the standard nutrition and the above-discussed agent-enriched nutrition while data of their health state, milk yield and pregnancy rate were collected. Concerning health of cows, specifically the occurrence of mastitis, there was found no significant trend. The average milk yield of the dairy cows which were fed the agent enriched feed (30.2 kg a day) was slightly lower in comparison to control groups (31 kg a day, both results with P<0.001), however, fat content of milk of test groups' cows (4.02 %) was considerably higher than that of control groups' cows (3.79 %). The average pregnancy rate of cows which were fed the agent enriched feed also manifested considerable increase in percentage and stability (from 42.95 % of control groups' cows to 62.25 % of test groups' cows, the standard deviation decreased from 21.1 % to 14.4 % which means smaller differences among pregnancy rate of test groups' cows, hence higher stability), this increase manifested even long after the cows had been fed regular feed again

The aim of this study was to clarify factors affecting preference pit row and the frequency and the occurence of feeding table by Holstein cows. The investigated factors were milk yelds, seasons, temperature in the stable, lactation number and stage of lactation. The investigation was dated from February 20140 to January 2015 once per month in the course of 12 hours. The selected cote contains 52 boxes. We monitored preference of the box row by diary cows and the frequency of the occurence by the feeding table. During the monitoring we were writing down if diary cows were standing or lying. By lying doary cows, we monitored the preference of the lying side. For survey we used group shots method. Results were under the statistic analysis by Statistica 10.0 program. Results follows that diary cows in dependence on milk production prefered row number 1 or preferencies were equal. Differences between rows were not statistically conclusive (P > 0,05). When lying, diary cows prefered lying on the left side in both rows. Frequency occurence by feeding table was the highest by diary cows with daily yielding between 30,1 and 40 kg of milk. The influence of season: we discovered that in spring season and summer season diary cows prefered row number 1 (P < 0,01) and in autumn and winter season they prefered row number 2. In spring and winter was prefered lying on the left side unline summer, when they prefered right side. During autumn diary cows situated in row number 1 prefered right side and in row number 2 left side. Attendance the feeding table was during the year balanced. The influence of temeprature: Difference in preferences rows 1 or 2 were statistically conclusing (P > 0,05). Results of our monitoring show that diarycows prefered row number 1 and lying on the left side.

The quality of meat in cattle is influenced by many genes, one of them is SCD1 gene (stearoyl -- CoA desaturase). This gene is associated with composition of fatty acids in meat and milk and can influence the level of intramuscular fat. In this diploma thesis, the total of 260 bulls of Czech Fleckvieh breed was genotyped using the PCR -- RFLP method. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes were determined in this population by the SAS software and the association analysis between traits and genotypes was performed. Asociation with variability of all mentioned genotypes and myristoleic acid (C14:1) was found, with high significant value (p<0,0001), but CC genotype had a higher median value. The genotype effect on intermuscular fat and other traits was not proved.

This thesis on the topic "Initial selection pit row Holstein cows after coming out of the milking parlor," deals with the observation of cows in free housing boxing. When observations were recorded, only cows inside cubicles and these were mainly observed standing and lying down. Observations took place in the agricultural cooperative Telc. Stable was divided into nine sections. Observations took place in one section with an average of 55 cows. Among the influences that influenced the availability of boxes, or could in any way affect the filling of individual boxes, were included the following factors: lactation, milk yield, stable temperature and order in the parlor. The obtained results we can conclude that there are significant differences in preference filling boxes when most visited boxes were 17, 34, 36, 52, 53, 56, 60 and 62, at least the vacant boxes then only 3, 7, 49, 50, 37 . Furthermore, we can say that was a significant effect of lactation on the proportion of cows lying. The highest proportion of cows lying stationary compared to the first resp. 2nd lactation (92.3% resp. 79.9%), the lowest in the 3rd lactation (69.7%). We can note a significant impact on the proportion of milk yield of cows lying. It was highest in the yield of 20 <(80%), 15,1-20 kg of milk (78%), the lowest for the yield 10,1-15 kg of milk (72%). Was also found a significant effect on the proportion of stable temperature lying cows. This was the highest at a temperature of 10,1-15 ° C (80.2%), 5,1-10 ° C (78.3%), the lowest temperature to 5 ° C (72.2%). You can also say some influence in order to share parlor lying cow which was not as pronounced as in previous results. That was the highest for the second order in the parlor (77.4%) and third order (76.4%), the lowest for the first order in the parlor (74.4%).

The aim of thesis is focused on impact of early puerperium on cow performance and other healt and production characteristics. Describe basic anatomical structures of cattle reproduction organs, hormonal changes within physiological processes in female body in time of estrus, pregnancy, parturition and lactation too. This thesis evaluate healt status of Holstein cattle herd on lowland farm in two periods and describe differences between them.