The aim of this thesis titled "The impact of external and internal factors on the production and quality of milk" was to evaluate these effects in the company. Venture in which those effects are assessed is Kozákov-cooperative in northern Bohemia, on the border of the Bohemian Paradise and Krkonose Mountains foothills at an altitude of approximately 500 m. Kozákov-cooperative behaves Czech Pied cattle. Evaluated were about 290 dairy cows, it is mainly for pasture breeding. This team is not complete the objective of maximum intensity of the yield, but it is also to ensure that the cows produce milk more lactation periods. At present about 200 cows free housing barn in the BIOS, and about 90 cows housed in the stachion stable K 96. In this work we compared the influence of different conditions in the breed and type of housing.

Summary In this thesis I dealt with verification of performance of beef cattle Charolais Breed on farm: Chov Charolais spol. s r. o. Slabce. The main objective of my diploma work was to assess the growth abilities of calves Charolais breed from birth till weaning in relation to various factors, for instance: gender, order of calving, number of born calves during one calving, month and year of the birth on the respective farm. The relevant data was assessed for the period of years 2012 - 2015. In this period there was born 324 calves of which 162 bulls, 153 heifers and 9 still born calves. The assessment of calf's growth characteristics was related to the average birthweight, average gain from birth to 120 days, and average weight at the age of 120 and 210 days. For the evaluation of calf's growth characteristics was used data gained from the database of performance testing of beef cattle (KUMP) for the given period. Growth parameters related to selected factors were processed with the use of statistical software SAS 9.3 (SAS 9.3, 2011). The average weight of young bulls at birth was 33,58 kg and average weight of heifers was 32,99 kg. The average weight of bulls at the age of 120 days was 183,66 kg and the average weight of heifers was 175,58 kg which was demonstrated to be statistically significant (P < 0,01). The average weight of bulls at the age of 210 days was 288,28 kg which is again higher than heifers with average weight of 264,21 kg (P < 0,05). To summarize, there was identified statistically significant difference of the gender influence in behalf of bulls. After comparison of average weight at birth, at the age of 120 and 210 days separately for twins and an only child, there is obvious and also statistically significant finding (P < 0,01) that the observed twins are usually smaller at birth and their growth abilities are worse than that of only child. The average weight at birth for an only child is about 4,48 kg higher compared to twins. Then the average weight at the age of 120 days for an only child is about 38,68 kg higher than average weight of twings. Finally the average weight at the age of 210 days is about 58,26 kg higher for an only child. Regarding to the influence of order of calving there was identified no significant effect to both average birth weight and weight at the age of 210 days. The only statistical significance was identified between order of calving and the average weight at the age of 120 days in 1st, 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th order of calving (P < 0,05). Further I found out that calves in the 1st order of calving have significantly lower average weight from the 1st calving mothers at the age of 120 days than the calves in the 2nd, 5th, 7th, 10th order of calving. The average weight of calves at the age of 120 days is about 9,29 kg lower than weight of calves in the 2nd order of calving. On the other hand the average weight of calves at the age of 120 days in the 5th order of calving is about 18,37 kg higher than weight of calves in the 1st order of calving. Similarly, calves in the 7th order of calving have about 13,63 kg higher weight than calves from the 1st calving mothers. And also calves at the age of 120 days in the 10th order of calving have about 15,78 kg higher weight than calves from the 1st calving mothers. In respect of influence of year of birth was identified statistically significant different level (P < 0,01) of the average birthweight in year 2013 compared to other years. Similarly there was demonstrated the statistically significant difference (P < 0,01) regarding to the average gain from birth in year 2013 compared to other years. The average birthweight in 2013 was 34,91 kg. The lowest average birthweight of 31,65 kg was observed in 2015. And for instance in 2012 the average birthweight was 32,48 kg which is still about 2,43 kg lower than in 2013. Regarding the evaluation of the average gain from birth till the age of 120 days there was only reported value of 1046,78 g in 2013. The best year regarding the average gain from birth till the age of 120 days was year 2014 which represented value of 1214,37 g. In the observed breed there took place births predominantly from January till June. Regarding the month of birth there was demonstrated statistically significant difference (P < 0,05) in respect of average birthweight of calves born in May 31,98 kg compared calves born in February 32,55 kg and in March 33,07 kg. Further was identified statistically significant difference regarding the average gain from birth for calves born in June 995,28 g compared to calves born in February 1197,87 g (P < 0,01). Similarly in March was reported value of 1181,18 g (P < 0,05). The last statistically significant difference (P < 0,01) was identified in respect of average weight at the age of 210 days of calves born in May 199,55 kg and in June 201 kg in comparison to calves born in January 282,05 kg, in February 284,65 kg, in March 277,21 kg and in April 277,76 kg. To conclude, based on the statistical analysis, conclusive results and literary sources there had been confirmed hypothesis that internal factors positively affect the growth abilities of calves.

Currently, much attention is paid to magnetoreception, a sense which allows an organism to detect a magnetic field of the earth. Now, this discovery is related to positional behaviour of animals (magnetic alignment) in the magnetic field and the world phenomenon of "magnetic cows". The magnetic alignment is a spontaneous (congenital) behaviour, when the animal puts its body axis into the positions of north - south or east - west. Most studies have demonstrated the north - south direction preference. This work contributes to clarify positional behaviour of cattle during the daily cycle. This study is based on a different data collection and is targeted at individuals in the herd. Individuals were photographed in a given direction, at hourly intervals. The magnetic alignment was determined in 26 individuals from three different cattle herds, mainly east or west. Statistically significant results during daily cycles in individual intervals also confirmed the north - south direction preference. There were also discussed the environmental conditions that may affect the final result. For inconclusive results, the individuals were probably motivated by temporarily more important local incentives.

The thesis deals with the composition variability of organic farm cow´s milk depending on the season of the year. It analyzes variability of cow´s milk composition focusing on the influences of seasons and nutrition, and on the differences between the composition of milk of conventional and organic origins. After organic farm milk sampling and its analyzing the results were evaluated statistically and the statistic data were compared to the data of analyses of conventional breeding. In discussion the evaluated analyses were compared to other copyright works.

In my work I deal with analysis of the impact of selected parameters of the breeding environment to live weight of cows. Observations took place in the company Golden Farm Ltd. in the village Štětovice with 60 pieces of Czech Pied breed. Among the parameters ana-lyzed were breeding environment milk yields, order and stage of lactation. Attention was dowry-Vána stage of pregnancy and the effect of the calendar month of the year on the live weight of cows. Data were collected during one year starting from September 2014 to October 2015. The obtained results were obvious influences lactation and gestation stage on live weight of cows. Cows at first lactation during gestation had lower weight (713 kg) than on the fifth (816 kg). Furthermore, it was found to influence calendar months of the year. Here, the weight varied depending on the season. Effect of milk production on a live weight of cows, but not conclusively confirmed, although cows with higher average milk yield of 25 l have a higher body weight (749 kg) than cows with milk yield up to 20 liters (703 kg).

The aim of this master thesis on the topic of: Evaluation of the effects of breeding and species belonging to livestock on the strength of the muscle fibers was to establish the influence of factors (breeding and species affiliation, sex, age at the time of slaughter, carcass weight, net gain, etc.) on the strength of the muscle fibres in these species of animals: cattle, pigs, rams, poultry, pheasants. The thinnest muscle fibers are measured by rams. Significantly (p <0.01) higher value diameter of muscle fibers should slaughter roosters, followed by pheasants and cattle. The strongest fiber (p <0.01) had slaughter pigs. The results show that pork is the observed species grossest muscle structure, while the finest muscle structure and thus have the finest meat rams. Significant influence on the strength of muscle fibers in most studied species of livestock should carcase weight and age at the time of slaughter. The strength fibers with age and carcass weight increased significantly.

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