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Cílem diplomové práce bylo vyhodnotit u stáda plemenic holštýnského skotu denní biorytmus jednotlivých kategorií chování a podchytit případné změny v průběhu pastevního období. Dále bylo cílem vyjádřit vztah pastvy a užitkovosti na základě dat ze sestav kontroly užitkovosti (kg mléka, % tuku, % bílkovin a % laktózy) a ukazatele plodnosti (inseminační interval a servis perioda).

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This work is focused on the incidence of mastitis in three selected breeds with different reckoned milking. Breeds are a free stall and no litter technology. Resting boxes are lined with plastic litter. The authors compared the effects of milkings per day on the incidence of mastitis.

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The aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the effects of dry period length and type of diet through dry and transition periods on feed intake, lactation performance, health status and reproduction of high-yielding dairy cows. The experiment was conducted with 29 high-yielding dairy cows which were divided into two groups. The control group (C; n=14) was assigned to a traditional dry period of approximately 60 d (57 +- 5.9 d) and was fed a far-off dry cow ration from dry-off until 21 d prepartum. From d 21 until calving, the cows were switched to a pre-calving ration containing an additional 3 kg of concentrates. The cows of experimental group (S; n=15) were assigned to a shortened dry period (35 +- 6.3 d) and were continuously fed a late-lactation diet until calving. After calving, both groups were fed the same lactation diet corresponding to their lactation requirements. Dry matter intake of the cows assigned to a shortened dry period and fed a late-lactation diet (17.1 kg/cow/d) was approximately 4.11 kg per cow/d greater compared with the control group (13.0 kg/cow/d) through 60 d prepartum (P=0.0004). After calving, however, the average dry matter intake was approximately 0.71 kg per cow/d higher in the control group (21.48 kg/cow/d (C) vs. 20.77 kg/cow/d (S); P>0.05). Cows with a shortened dry period produced approximately 3.34 kg/d (8.3%) less milk and had flatter lactation curves during the first 100 d of lactation. Through standardized lactation (305 days) cows produced in the average 10 583 kg (C) and 9 638 kg (S) of milk. No differences were observed in live body weight, body condition score or back-fat thickness between the treatments. Shortening the dry period and feeding a late-lactation diet increased the concentrations of VFA and decreased the rumen pH (P<0.05). No differences were observed in basic parameters of blood and rumen fluid after calving. The insemination interval of the cows with shortened dry period was in the average about 34 days shorter compared with conventional dry period (S 64.67 d vs. C 99.11; P=0.007). Shortening the dry period did not affect the colostrum quality or birth weights of the calves.

The aim of the work was evaluate on the dynamic of live performance at the beef cows in the system of breeding cows withour market milk production in the subnountain areas. The chosem method was a direct group observation within ten-minute intervals. The longest duration of pasture was in autumn 59.6 % of the day and the shortest in winter 30.8 % of the day. The activity of lying depended on standing and decreased from spring period 15.3 % of the day on 5.7 % of the day in winter period. The observation flows to the fact, that breeding of the livestock from welfare and adaptability herd of view is suitable in sub-mountain areas.