Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In 1843, an African-American woman known as Kitty Payne and her three children arrived in Adams County, Pennsylvania, newly manumitted by their mistress, Mary Maddox of Virginia. Two years later, in July of 1845, a gang of men burst into the Paynes’ home and kidnapped the family, dragging them back south to slavery. The story of Kitty Payne and her children echoed and replayed itself thousands of times in the years before the end of the Civil War. Between 1620 and 1860, a race-based system of slavery developed in America. Not all persons of African descent came to America as slaves, however, and slaves sometimes obtained freedom through manumission or escape. This created opportunities for corrupt individuals to kidnap free black Americans and sell them as slaves, regardless of their previous status. The abduction of free blacks into slavery is an extremely significant and far-reaching part of the antebellum African-American experience that many historians have previously overlooked.

Doctorat en philosophie et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Johannesburg, 2017 / Set within a revisionist and feminist context, this thesis seeks to draw parallels in the autobiographical texts of Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) written by an African American ex-enslaved and Schizophrene (2011) penned by Bhanu Kapil, a British born Asian American, a descendant of a generation that live (d) through/with ‘what happened in a particular country on a particular day in August 14th 1947’ (Quaid). These literary representations will constitute the corpus of this research paper as it attempts to examine how these autobiographies draw attention to and break the notion of prevailing dominant geographies of oppression. In both texts, the authors juxtapose appropriation and hegemony with an alternative literary geographic narrative that seeks to recuperate the liminal (black) body and psyche. This research paper will seek to explore the multiple and interrelated ways in which both authors employ certain strategic mechanisms to re-appropriate tools of social power, thus exposing the frailties of their respective oppressive histories by disrupting their continued, albeit imagined stronghold on them. In employing their autobiographies as anthropological arsenals, these authors seem to demonstrate the manner in which history has attempted through its numerous sites of oppression not only to construct black victims and mere black bodies but also to un-write and evacuate its untidiness. These autobiographies will be employed to reconstruct and re-imagine the authors but symbolically the collective black body as more than objects but rather as humans with subjectivities and self-assertion. The paper further seeks to understand how these autobiographies tend to a vicious past of slavery and partition and how they translate these memories, remembering the depth of their experiences whilst also being haunted by their contemporary echoes. An accent will be given to the ambivalence, perversions and anxieties of these autobiographies. / XL2018

In her bibliography, Incidents in the life of a Salve Girl, Harriet Ann Jacobs appropriates the autobiographical "I" in order to tell her own story of slavery and talk back to the dominant culture that enslaves her. Through analysis and explication of the text, this thesis examines Jacobs' rhetorical and psyshological evolution from slave to self as she struggles against patriarchal power that would rob her of her identity as well as her freedom. Included in the discussion is an analysis of the concept of self in western plilosophy, an overview of american autobiography prior to the publication of Jacobs' narrative, a discussion of the history of the slave narrative as a genre, and a discussion of the history of Jacobs' narrative.

Orientador: Robert Wayne Andrew Slenes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T20:01:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferraz_LizandraMeyer_M.pdf: 1541447 bytes, checksum: 198062719ee31bd98fdba998e1ccf966 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho propõe a realização de um estudo sobre as alforrias na cidade de Campinas no século XIX. Ao contrário da grande maioria dos estudiosos deste tema, cujas análises enfocam apenas os registros notariais de cartas de alforria, utilizo quatro fontes principais: testamentos, inventários post-mortem, autos de prestação de contas testamentárias, além das próprias escrituras notariais. Pretende-se, a partir do cruzamento destas quatro fontes, analisar a prática da alforria (entendida como política senhorial forjada cotidianamente no embate entre senhores e escravos) em dois períodos deste século: no decênio 1836-1845 e no período 1860-1871 com o objetivo de perceber possíveis mudanças na política da alforria (e conseqüentemente os diferentes significados atribuídos à essa prática entre os cativos) decorrentes do fechamento do tráfico internacional de escravos (1850). A pesquisa também tem como intenção contribuir para os debates em torno da escravidão nos municípios de grande lavoura do Sudeste Paulista no século XIX, bem como trazer outras possibilidades metodológicas que permitam novos olhares sobre o objeto em questão / Abstract: This is a study of the manumission of slaves in the município (county) of Campinas, São Paulo, in the nineteenth century. In contrast to the great majority of studies on this topic which analyze only the notarial records of "writs of freedom" (cartas de alforria), this thesis uses four main sources: wills, post-mortem estate inventories, legal renderings of accounts regarding the fulfillment of dispositions in wills, and finally the notarial writs themselves. By nominative linkage of these four sources, the study analyzes the practice of manumission (understood as a "political" strategy to mollify the quarters, forged by slaveowners in day-to-day conflicts with slaves) in two sub-periods: 1836-1845 and 1860-1871. The objective is to perceive possible changes in manumission strategies (and consequently the different meanings attributed to this practice by bondspeople), resulting from the closing of the international slave trade (1850). The research also seeks to contribute to debates over slavery in the export-oriented municípios of southeastern (formerly "western") São Paulo in the nineteenth century, as well as to define new methods that will permit broader and deeper insight into manumission / Mestrado / Historia Social / Mestre em História

Orientador: Silvia Hunold Lara / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T14:47:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pedro_Alessandra_M.pdf: 2773987 bytes, checksum: 3df489a096814e93bd3cb4ea7751ae7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho visa estudar as concepções senhoriais sobre a alforria, nos anos entre 1855 e 1871 - um período de crescentes debates sobre a manumissão dos escravos - tomando para isso a então ascendente cidade de Campinas. Meu principal objetivo é compreender o pensamento dos indivíduos que, ao formularem seus testamentos, concediam a seus escravos a promessa de liberdade. Tendo por base os testamentos, pude verificar, pela análise da partilha dos bens e das doações ali anotadas, a política senhorial de manutenção da propriedade, as motivações e as estratégias que os senhores utilizavam para garantir a continuidade de seu poder sobre os herdeiros e os futuros libertos, bem como compreender a própria alforria no interior do universo da concessão de dádivas. A partir dessas premissas e da análise da documentação, reconstituí os perfis dos senhores de escravos que libertam escravos em testamento; verifiquei as modalidades de alforria que concediam; busquei compreender como eles pensavam seu próprio poder e averiguei as suas reações diante as mudanças que estavam ocorrendo na sociedade. Além disso, desenvolvi uma reflexão sobre as diversas abordagens existentes na bibliografia sobre os mecanismos sociais e simbólicos envolvidos nos atos de doação, considerando o conceito do "dom". / Abstract: The presented work aimed to study the slave master's conceptions about freedom within the years 1855 and 1871, as well a period of time in which there was a increase of debates about the liberty of the slaves - focusing the ascendant Campinas city. My main purpose was to understand the mind who promised freedom to their slaves and simutaneously had been formuling their own will. I have based my research on these documents, in which I could investigate them closely - analysing the way how properties and donations were divided and written down on these papers, the logic of the masters on maintenance of their wealth at the same time, as well what stimulated them and their strategies for guarantying of power - even after the death - over their heirs and the potential free people who have been slaving by them before. Thus, I have tried to understand the slave's freedom in this kind of giver mindedness. Hence, it is possible to construct the master profile who free their slaves in a deed and the categories of liberties granted, as well to go into a matter how they saw the power of themselves and which reactions had been happening on society on their days. I also have worked on many authors thinking who approched the social and simbolic mechanisms enrolled on the concept of gift. / Mestrado / Historia / Mestre em História

American history has celebrated the involvement of black women in the "underground railroad," but little is said about women's everyday resistance to the institutional constraints and abuses of slavery. Many Americans have probably heard of and know about Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth - two very prominent black female resistance leaders and abolitionists-- but this thesis addresses the lives of some of the less-celebrated and lesser-known (more obscure) women; part of the focus is on the common tasks, relationships, burdens, and leadership roles of these very brave enslaved women. Resistance history in the Caribbean and Americas in its various forms has always emphasized the role of men as leaders and heroes. Studies in the last two decades Momsen 1996, Mintz 1996, Bush 1990, Beckles and Shepherd, Ellis 1985, 1996, Hart 1980, 1985) however, are beginning to suggest the enormous contributions of women to the successes of many of the resistance events. Also, research revelations are being made correcting the negative impressions and images of enslaved women as depicted in colonial writings (Mathis 2001, Beckles and Shepherd 1996, Cooper 1994, Campbell 1986, Price 1996, Campbell 1987). Some of these new findings portray women as not only actively at the forefront of colonial military and political resistance operations but performed those activities in addition to their roles as the bearers of their individual original cultures. Their goal was achievement of freedom for their people. Freedom can be seen as a magic word that politicians, propagandists, psychologists and priests throw around with ease. Yet, to others freedom has a different meaning which varies with the individual's sense of associated values. Freedom without qualification is an abstract noun meaning, "not restricted, unimpeded", or simply, "liberty"; but when it is concretized in individual situations its meaning is narrowed, and it becomes clear that no one can be fully free. Yet the love of freedom is one of our deepest feelings, a truly heartfelt cry, freedom of wide open spaces, liberty to enjoy the taste, in unrestricted fashion, of the joys of nature, to live a life free from external anxieties and internal fears; freedom to be truly ourselves. All living creatures, even animals seem to value their freedom above all else. Enslaved people were not submissive towards their oppressors; attempts were made both subtly, overtly and violently to resist their so-called "masters" and slavery conditions. Violent and non-violent resistance were carried out by the enslaved throughout colonial history on both sides of the Atlantic, and modern historical literature shows that women oftentimes displayed more resistance than men. Enslaved Africans started to fight the transatlantic slave trade as soon as it began. Their struggles were multifaceted and covered four continents over four centuries. Still, they have often been underestimated, overlooked, or forgotten. African resistance was reported in European sources only when it concerned attacks on slave ships and company barracoons, but acts of resistance also took place far from the coast and thus escaped the slavers' attention. To discover them, oral history, archaeology, and autobiographies and biographies of African victims of the slave trade have to be probed. Taken together, these various sources offer a detailed image of the varied strategies Africans used to defend themselves and mount attacks against the slave trade in various ways. The Africans' resistance continued in the Americas, by running away, establishing Maroon communities, sabotage, conspiracy, and open uprising against those who held them in captivity. Freed people petitioned the authorities, led information campaigns, and worked actively to abolish the slave trade and slavery. In Europe, black abolitionists launched or participated in civic movements to end the deportation and enslavement of Africans. They too delivered speeches, provided information, wrote newspaper articles and books. Using violent as well as nonviolent means, Africans in Africa, the Americas, and Europe were constantly involved in the fight against the slave trade and slavery. Women are half the human race and they're half of history, as well. Until recent years, Black women's history has been even less than that. Much work has been done studying the lives of slaves in the United States and the slave system. From elementary school in the USA on through college we are taught the evils of slavery that took place right here in the Land of the Free. However, how much do we know about the enslaved in other places, namely the Caribbean? The Caribbean was the doorway to slavery here in the New World, and so it is important that we study the hardships that enslaved people suffered in that area. Slaves regularly resisted their masters in any way they could. Female slaves, in particular, are reported to have had a very strong sense of independence and they regularly resisted slavery using both violent and non-violent means. The focus of my research is on the lives of enslaved women in the Caribbean and their brave resistance to bondage. Caribbean enslaved women exhibited their strong character, independence and exceptional self worth through their opposition to the tasks they performed in the fields on plantations. Resistance was expressed in many different rebellious ways including not getting married, refusing to reproduce, and through various other forms as part of their open physical resistance. The purpose of this project is to identify the role enslaved women in both the Caribbean and the USA played in some of the major uprisings, revolts, and rebellions during their enslavement period. The research identifies individual female personalities, who played key roles in not only the everyday work on plantations, but also in planning resistance movements in the slave communities. This study utilizes plantations records, archival material, and official sources. Archival records from plantations located in archives and county clerks' offices; interviews with sources such as researchers and experts familiar with the plantations of slave communities in designated areas; and research in libraries, as well as other sources, oral histories, written and oral folklore, and personal interviews were used as well.

This study examines the ancient Greeks’ attitudes to children during the Classical and Hellenistic periods. The investigation is limited to literary sources in selected pre-Christian texts. Problems which might bias interpretation have been noted. Parent-child relationships, as revealed in literary examples of parental love and concern, are of particular interest. Hazards affecting survival in early childhood, and factors which influenced attitudes regarding the fetus, abortion, exposure and infanticide are considered. Legal, political and socio-economic factors are amongst motivating forces. Childhood experiences such as education, sport, pederasty, step-families, slaves and slavery, preparation for marriage, and deprivation due to war and environmental factors are also examined. Ancient attitudes to children are compared with modern attitudes to children in similar situations prevailing in Western culture in the 21st century. The findings reveal that basic human behaviour has changed little over the millennia; however, factors influencing attitudes have undergone some change as society evolved.

<p>In 1760, when British victory was all but assured and hostilities in the northeastern colonies of North America came to an end, the future of the southeastern colonies was not nearly so clear. British authorities in the South still faced the possibility of a local French and Indian alliance and clashed with angry Cherokees who had complaints of their own. These tensions and events usually take a back seat to the climactic proceedings further north. I argue that in South Carolina, by destabilizing relations with African and Native Americans, the Cherokee Indians raised the social and political anxieties of coastal elites to a fever pitch during the Anglo-Cherokee War. Threatened by Indians from without and by slaves from within, and failing to find unbridled support in British policy, the planter-merchant class eventually sought to take matters into its own hands. Scholars have long understood the way the economic fallout of the French and Indian War caused Britain to press new financial levies on American colonists. But they have not understood the deeper consequences of the war on the local stage. Using extensive political and military correspondence, ethnography, and eighteenth-century newspapers, I offer a narrative-driven approach that adds geographic and ethnographic breadth and context to previous scholarship on mid-eighteenth century in North America. I expand understandings of Cherokee culture, British and colonial Indian policy, race slavery, and the southeastern frontier. At the same time, I also explain the origins of the American Revolution in the South.</p> / Dissertation