The factors involved in calculating Standard Visual Range (SVR) are discussed, and a comparison is made between the visibility reported by airport observers and the photographic slide/ optical densitometer method of calculating SVR. Using slides of Houston, Texas, from the fall and winter of 1988-89, it was found that the altitude at which the contrast measurements are made significantly affects the SVR. Also an index for predicting high and low humidity was developed using the blue/red ratio of the log exposure of the sky, and sun/shade target condition.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-29T10:32:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcellegualtierihonoriopechincha.pdf: 9863373 bytes, checksum: 5b32279bb867d6e6548505defc5a8781 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-29T11:05:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcellegualtierihonoriopechincha.pdf: 9863373 bytes, checksum: 5b32279bb867d6e6548505defc5a8781 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-29T11:05:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcellegualtierihonoriopechincha.pdf: 9863373 bytes, checksum: 5b32279bb867d6e6548505defc5a8781 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-18 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Atualmente em áreas urbanizadas, pode-se enxergar que a perspectiva dada pela baixa qualidade do ambiente é o reflexo de uma conjuntura histórica de insustentabilidade das cidades, em todos os níveis de participação social. A partir deste contexto, justifica-se a necessidade de se estudar os problemas ambientais nestas áreas, através de uma análise da qualidade ambiental. Análises como estas podem identificar o desequilíbrio entre a sociedade e os recursos naturais, através da caracterização das pressões geradas por fluxos econômicos e humanos. Identifica-se que em Juiz de Fora/MG há algumas áreas em estado de desequilíbrio. A área de estudo da presente pesquisa, a Bacia do Córrego Matirumbide, localizada na zona leste da cidade, caracteriza-se pela presença de expressivo adensamento urbano em áreas de encosta e pouca presença de cobertura vegetal arbórea, além de ser uma área reconhecida por problemas voltados à ocupação inadequada e os recorrentes casos de escorregamentos, principalmente em períodos de maiores níveis de precipitação. Assim, através de visitas a campo, além da utilização de dados secundários, elaborou-se uma série de planos de informação em ambiente SIG que puderam representar os atributos negativos característicos desta bacia: a baixa densidade de cobertura vegetal arbórea, a falta de espaços livres de edificações, a alta densidade populacional, a baixa densidade de renda, e o alto risco a ocorrência de escorregamentos. Estes planos de informação foram sobrepostos de acordo com a metodologia de análise de Qualidade Ambiental proposta por Nucci (1998), pautado na Ecologia da Paisagem e no Planejamento da Paisagem, para que se pudesse chegar ao objetivo central. A inserção do atributo negativo representado pelo risco a ocorrência de escorregamentos, até então, não tinha sido utilizado em pesquisas sobre Qualidade Ambiental. Desta forma, buscou-se a sua análise pela manipulação da modelagem matemática, através do modelo probabilístico SINMAP, no qual viabilizou a representação e criação deste plano de informação para a pesquisa. Identificou-se que a bacia do Córrego Matirumbide é expressivamente urbanizada, com baixa densidade de cobertura vegetal arbórea, além de poucos espaços livres de edificações. Caracterizou-se também a alta densidade populacional relacionada à baixa densidade de renda, encontradas principalmente nas áreas com maiores valores de instabilidade a ocorrência de escorregamentos, indicando estas áreas com alto risco a ocorrência destes eventos. As regiões urbanas onde mostraram pior Qualidade Ambiental foram as regiões Nossa Senhora Aparecida e Santa Rita, com a presença de até cinco atributos negativos; já as regiões urbanas que mostraram melhor Qualidade Ambiental foram as regiões Bairu e Vale dos Bandeirantes. Concluiu-se que, para a área de estudo, a relação negativa entre a densidade populacional e a densidade de renda juntamente à ocupação inadequada em áreas de encosta (identificadas com alta instabilidade), foi a que apresentou uma condição mais desfavorável à qualidade do ambiente. / Nowadays in urbanized areas, it is possible to see that the perspective provided by the low quality of the environment is a reflection of a historical situation of unsustainability of cities at all levels of social participation. From this context, justifies the need to study environmental problems in these areas, through an analysis of environmental quality. Analyses such as these can identify the imbalance between society and natural resources, through the characterization of pressures generated by economic and human flows. We find that in Juiz de Fora / MG there are some areas in a state of imbalance. The study area of this research, Watershed of Matirumbide Stream, located on the east side of the city is characterized by the presence of significant urban density in areas of low slope and presence of woody vegetation cover, as well as being an area recognized by problems focused on inadequate occupation and recurrent cases of landslides, especially in periods of higher rainfall. Thus, through field visits, besides the use of secondary data, we prepared a series of coverages in a GIS environment that might represent the characteristic negative attributes of this basin: the low density of woody vegetation cover, lack of open spaces of buildings, high population density, low density of income and high risk to the occurrence of landslides. These coverages were overlaid according to analysis Environmental Quality methodology proposed by Nucci (1998), based on Landscape Ecology and Landscape Planning, so that it could reach the main goal. The insertion of the negative attribute represented by the occurrence of landslide risk, until then, had not been used in research on Environmental Quality. Thus, we sought its analysis by manipulation of mathematical modeling, through the probabilistic model SINMAP, which enabled the creation of this representation and information for the research plan. It was found that the Watershed of Matirumbide Stream is significantly urbanized, with low density of woody vegetation cover, plus a few free spaces of buildings. Also characterized the high population density related to the low density of income, mainly found in areas with higher instability occurrence of landslides, indicating these areas at high risk to the occurrence of these events. Urban regions which showed worse Environmental Quality were the regions Nossa Senhora Aparecida and Santa Rita, attended by up to five negative attributes; urban areas have shown that were the best Environmental Quality were Bairu and Vale dos Bandeirantes regions. It was concluded that the negative relationship between population density and density along with inadequate income occupancy in hillside areas (identified with high instability), showed the most adverse condition the quality of the environment.

No description available.

An automated procedure was developed to identify and extract confined poultry facilities from color 35-mm slide imagery collected by the United States Department of Agriculture/Farm Service Agency (USDA/FSA). The imagery is used by the USDA/FSA to monitor compliance with various farm support programs and to determine crop production acreage within a given county. The imagery is generally available for all counties within the state on an annual basis. The imagery, however, is not flown to rigid specifications as flight height, direction, and overlap can vary significantly. The USDA/FSA attempts to collect imagery with reasonably clear skies, as visual interpretations could be drastically impacted by cloudiness. The goal of this study was to develop procedures to effectively utilize this imagery base to identify and extract poultry facilities using automated techniques based on image processing and GIS. The procedure involved pre-screening the slides to determine coverage, geopositioning to USGS quadrangle base, color scanning to convert slide image to a digital format and archiving each data file with a naming convention that would allow rapid retrieval in later analysis. Image processing techniques were developed for identifying poultry facilities based on spectral characteristics. GIS tools were used to select poultry facilities from an array of features with similar spectral characteristics. A training data set was selected from which the spectral characteristics of poultry facilities were analyzed and compared with background conditions. Poultry facilities were found to have distinguishable characteristics. Descriptive statistics were used to define the range of spectral characteristics encompassing poultry facilities. Thresholding analyses were then utilized to eliminate all image features with spectral characteristics outside of this range. Additional analyses were made to remove noise in the spectral image due to the sun angle, line of sight of camera, variation in roof reflectance due to rust and/or aging, shading by trees, etc. A primary objective in these analyses was to enhance the spectral characteristics for the poultry facility while, at the same time, retaining physical characteristics, i.e. the spectral characteristic is represented by a single blue color with a high brightness value. The techniques developed to achieve a single blue color involved the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on the red color band followed by RGB to Hue and RGB to Saturation analyses on the red and green color bands, respectively, from the resulting image. The features remaining from this series of analyses were converted into polygons (shape file) using ArcView GIS, which was then used to calculate the area and perimeter of each polygon. The parameters utilized to describe the shape of a poultry house included width, length, compactness, length-width ratio, and polygon centroid analysis. Poultry facilities were found to have an average width of approximately 12.6m with a low standard deviation indicating that the widths of all houses were very similar. The length of poultry facilities ranged from 63m to 261m with and average length of 149m. The compactness parameter, which also is related to length and width, ranged from 30 to 130 with a mean value of approximately 57. The shape parameters were used by ArcView GIS to identify polygons that represent poultry facilities. The order of selection was found to be compactness followed by length-width ratio and polygon centroid analysis. A data set that included thirty 35-mm slide images randomly selected from the Rockingham County data set, which contained over 2000 slides, was used to evaluate the automated procedure. The slides contained 182 poultry houses previously identified through manual procedures. Seven facilities were missed and 175 were correctly identified. Ninety-seven percent (97%) of existing poultry facilities were correctly identified which compares favorably with the 97 % accuracy resulted by manual procedures. . The manual procedure described by Mostaghimi, et. al.(1999) only gave the center coordinates for each poultry facility. The automated procedure not only gives the center coordinate for each poultry building but also gives estimates for geometric parameters area, length and width along with an estimate of the capacity of building (i.e. number of birds), and waste load generated by birds including nutrient and bacteria content. The nutrient and bacteria load generated by each poultry facility is important information for conducting TMDL studies currently being developed for impaired Virginia streams. The information is expected to be very helpful to consultants and state agencies conducting the studies. Agricultural support agencies such as USDA/NRCS and USDA/FSA, Extension Service, consultants, etc. will find the information very helpful in the development of implementation plans designed to meet TMDL target water quality goals. The data also should be useful to Water Authorities for selection of appropriate treatment of water supplies and to county and local government jurisdictions for developing policies to minimize the degradation of water supplies. / Ph. D.

Este é o primeiro trabalho no Brasil a estudar os processos de intensificação orográfica da precipitação. A região enfocada é a Serra do Mar, especificamente nas proximidades da Baixada Santista, São Paulo, onde o total de chuva acumulado no ano ultrapassa 4000 mm. O conjunto de dados utilizados constou de registros pluviométricos a cada 30 minutos, mapas CAPPI a cada 10 minutos do radar de Ponte Nova, imagens de satélite, observações de estações meteorológicas de superfície, campos sinóticos de pressão e vento e informações de temperatura da superfície do mar. As informações referem-se ao período de março de 1991 a março de 1995. Todo o período foi demarcado em grande escala pela presença do fenômeno El Niño/Oscilação Sul. Os resultados revelaram que os fenômenos de intensificação são comuns na região ao longo de todo o ano, em especial na primavera. A maioria dos 144 eventos analisados teve acumulação máxima inferior a 50 mm precipitados em até 12 horas com taxa média tipicamente de natureza estratiforme. Estas características variam sazonalmente e de acordo com a localidade na encosta da Serra do Mar. Os eventos costumam ser de origem pós-frontal com vento de sudeste e altos índices de umidade relativa à superfície, muita nebulosidade na faixa leste de São Paulo e pouca no interior do Estado. Este estudo conclui que predominam os casos de seeder-feeder, seguidos pelos eventos mistos (seeder-feeder/convecção disparada), os de convecção disparada e por fim os de autoconversão. O impacto de maior interesse dos processos de intensificação orográfica da precipitação nessa região é o escorregamento de encostas, pois geram significativos prejuízos econômicos e sociais. Nem todos os episódios de escorregamento de encostas na região, durante o período estudado, foram provocados por fenômenos de intensificação. Contudo, estes foram contribuintes fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do quadro de iminência de risco de acidentes na montanha. O risco maior é representado pelas chuvas de acumulação muito grande, duração muito longa e taxa de precipitação de natureza estratiforme, aspectos comuns na parte mais próxima do topo da Serra do Mar. / This is the first Brazilian study on processes of orographic rainfall enhancement. The studied mountain range is Serra do Mar in the southeastern coast region of the São Paulo State, where the average annual accumulation exceeds 4000 mm. The used data set was composed by 30-minute recording raingauge network, 10-minute CAPPI maps from the Ponte Nova S-band radar, satellite imageries, sea surface temperature fields and synoptic and local surface meteorological observations. The temporal coverage was March 1991 through March 1995. El Niño/Southern Oscillation occurred during all this period. Results showed orographic enhancement processes are common all year long, specially in spring. Most part of 144 analyzed events spent less than 12 hours accumulating until 50 mm in a stratiform rain rate. These features have seasonal and spatial variations. The orographic enhancement events are usually associated to post frontal conditions, southeast surface winds, high surface relative humidity, cloudy conditions in São Paulo eastern region and clear sky inland. This study has concluded that the seeder-feeder mechanism was responsible for the majority of observed orographic enhancement cases, followed by seeder-feeder/triggered convection occurring simultaneously and then by triggered convection mechanism and finally by autoconvertion. The most interesting impact of these phenomena in this region is the land slides along the hill steep slope due to their social and economical losses. Some accident occurences were associated to orographic enhancement cases. The greatest accident risks lie in high precipitation accumulations with long duration and small rainfall rates. All of them are frequent near the top of Serra do Mar.

Les roches argileuses, très sensibles à la dégradation par les agents atmosphériques, se caractérisent par des mécanismes de glissement complexes, impliquant des glissements/éboulements de versants et la reprise ultérieure des matériaux argileux glissés et déstructurés par des laves torrentielles. Ce double mécanisme, très fréquent dans les Alpes, pose un problème aux responsables de l'aménagement du territoire, en raison de la soudaineté et de la dangerosité des éboulements et des laves torrentielles en cas de forte pluviométrie. Récemment, les méthodes de traitement du bruit sismique acquis en continu sur des mouvements de terrain rapides (éboulements et glissements coulées dans les sols argileux) ont montré qu'il était possible de mesurer des variations de paramètres sismiques (fréquences de résonance, vitesse de propagation des ondes S) de la zone instable. Dans deux cas d'étude (éboulement et coulée), le suivi temporel de ces paramètres à partir du bruit sismique a montré une variation significative avant le déclenchement d'un évènement gravitaire, pouvant être interprétée comme un signal précurseur. Le projet présenté vise à mettre au point une méthodologie de suivi temporel des mouvements complexes affectant les roches argileuses à partir de mesures de bruit sismique et d'acquisitions photogrammétriques. Des capteurs sismiques ont été implantés à la fois dans la zone de départ des éboulements et dans les ravines qui canalisent le matériau éboulé, afin d'étudier les variations de différents paramètres sismiques avant des instabilités de versant et le déclenchement de laves torrentielles. Ces mesures de bruit sismique ont été couplées à des campagnes d'acquisition photogrammétrique, ce qui a permis de déterminer les taux d'érosion des versants par éboulement et d'évaluer les volumes de matériaux déstabilisés susceptibles d'être affectés par des laves torrentielles. / Clay-rich rocks are very sensitive to weathering and are affected by complex sliding mechanisms, involving both slope sliding/falling and debris flows in a second stage. This double mechanism often occurs in the Alps and raise a problem for land managers, because of the suddenness of falls and flows. Recent studies have showed that continuous ambient vibration recordings could be used to infer seismic parameters (e.g. resonance frequency, shear wave velocity) that characterize the unstable mass. In both cases (falls and flows), the monitoring of these parameters evidences a significant variation before the triggering of gravitational movements, which has been interpreted as a precursory signal. We develop and test a monitoring methodology for such complex movements affecting clay-rich rocks, from ambient vibration measurements and photogrammetric acquisitions. We installed seismic sensors both in the scarp area and in the gullies, in which the material deposits, in order to study variations in seismic parameters before the triggering of movements. By combining these seismic measurements with regular photogrammetric acquisitions, we determine slope erosion rates and evaluate the material volumes likely to be affected by debris flows.

Este é o primeiro trabalho no Brasil a estudar os processos de intensificação orográfica da precipitação. A região enfocada é a Serra do Mar, especificamente nas proximidades da Baixada Santista, São Paulo, onde o total de chuva acumulado no ano ultrapassa 4000 mm. O conjunto de dados utilizados constou de registros pluviométricos a cada 30 minutos, mapas CAPPI a cada 10 minutos do radar de Ponte Nova, imagens de satélite, observações de estações meteorológicas de superfície, campos sinóticos de pressão e vento e informações de temperatura da superfície do mar. As informações referem-se ao período de março de 1991 a março de 1995. Todo o período foi demarcado em grande escala pela presença do fenômeno El Niño/Oscilação Sul. Os resultados revelaram que os fenômenos de intensificação são comuns na região ao longo de todo o ano, em especial na primavera. A maioria dos 144 eventos analisados teve acumulação máxima inferior a 50 mm precipitados em até 12 horas com taxa média tipicamente de natureza estratiforme. Estas características variam sazonalmente e de acordo com a localidade na encosta da Serra do Mar. Os eventos costumam ser de origem pós-frontal com vento de sudeste e altos índices de umidade relativa à superfície, muita nebulosidade na faixa leste de São Paulo e pouca no interior do Estado. Este estudo conclui que predominam os casos de seeder-feeder, seguidos pelos eventos mistos (seeder-feeder/convecção disparada), os de convecção disparada e por fim os de autoconversão. O impacto de maior interesse dos processos de intensificação orográfica da precipitação nessa região é o escorregamento de encostas, pois geram significativos prejuízos econômicos e sociais. Nem todos os episódios de escorregamento de encostas na região, durante o período estudado, foram provocados por fenômenos de intensificação. Contudo, estes foram contribuintes fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do quadro de iminência de risco de acidentes na montanha. O risco maior é representado pelas chuvas de acumulação muito grande, duração muito longa e taxa de precipitação de natureza estratiforme, aspectos comuns na parte mais próxima do topo da Serra do Mar. / This is the first Brazilian study on processes of orographic rainfall enhancement. The studied mountain range is Serra do Mar in the southeastern coast region of the São Paulo State, where the average annual accumulation exceeds 4000 mm. The used data set was composed by 30-minute recording raingauge network, 10-minute CAPPI maps from the Ponte Nova S-band radar, satellite imageries, sea surface temperature fields and synoptic and local surface meteorological observations. The temporal coverage was March 1991 through March 1995. El Niño/Southern Oscillation occurred during all this period. Results showed orographic enhancement processes are common all year long, specially in spring. Most part of 144 analyzed events spent less than 12 hours accumulating until 50 mm in a stratiform rain rate. These features have seasonal and spatial variations. The orographic enhancement events are usually associated to post frontal conditions, southeast surface winds, high surface relative humidity, cloudy conditions in São Paulo eastern region and clear sky inland. This study has concluded that the seeder-feeder mechanism was responsible for the majority of observed orographic enhancement cases, followed by seeder-feeder/triggered convection occurring simultaneously and then by triggered convection mechanism and finally by autoconvertion. The most interesting impact of these phenomena in this region is the land slides along the hill steep slope due to their social and economical losses. Some accident occurences were associated to orographic enhancement cases. The greatest accident risks lie in high precipitation accumulations with long duration and small rainfall rates. All of them are frequent near the top of Serra do Mar.

Quick clay slides are quite rare but often leads to major consequences for the society. These type of slides are complex and the true causes leading to a slide is difficult to map since the evidence is destroyed during the slide. Because of this, different theories develop of the causes of the slide based on the same information. It is also problematic to back-calculate the sliding event because the commonly applied concept of perfectly plastic limite quilibrium cannot be applied on many of the landslides in quick clay. The objectives of this thesis were to construct a fault tree that facilitate risk identification and risk analysis of quick clay slides and to evaluate the applicability of the constructed fault tree, especially in the feasibility study and design phase. Uncertainties within the subject require a careful approach when dealing with quick clay. An implementation of a fault tree for quick clay slides in a risk management could reduce the risk of a slide and better understand the phenomenon. Two case studies were approached with the created fault tree and two advanced calculation methods that account for the special behaviour of quickclay. The use of a qualitative fault tree analysis in combination with calculation methods enables an evaluation of isolated singular events that in the end can lead to a quick clay slide. With the possibility to study isolated events, the implementation of more advanced calculation methods may be facilitated in an early stage to predict and prevent quick clay slides. / Kvicklerskred är sällsynta men leder ofta till stor skada för samhället. Dessa skred är komplexa och orsaken till utlösandet av skredet är svårt att identifiera då bevisen förstörs under händelseförloppet. Detta leder till att olika teorier om orsaken av kvicklerskred kan variera från samma information. Det är också svårt att beräkna skredets omlopp i efterhand den vanliga beräkningsmetoden baseras på idealplastiska samband, något som inte går att applicera på kvicklera. Målet med denna studie var att konstruera ett felträd som underlättar riskidentifiering och riskanalyser av kvicklerskred. Målet var även att utvärdera användandet av felträdet i en byggnadsprocess, framförallt under förstudien och under projekteringsskedet. Osäkerheter inom området kräver en försiktig arbetsmetod när kvicklera finns i områden. Att använda sig av ett felträd för kvicklerskred i en riskhantering skulle kunna minska risken för ett skred och samtidigt öka systemförståelsen över fenomenet. Två fallstudier gjordes med det konstruerade felträdet, under dessa fältstudier gjordes även beräkningar med två avancerade beräkningsmetoder som tar hänsyn till det töjningsmjukande beteendet hos kvicklera. Användningav ett kvalitativt felträd i kombination med beräkningsmetoder möjligör en utvärdering av isolerade händelser som i slutändan kan leda till ett kvicklerskred. Möjligheten av att studera isolerade händelser kan underlätta en implementering av mer avancerade beräkningsmetoder i ett tidigt skede och på så vis förutse och förhindra kvicklerskred.

No description available.

El suelo volcánico de la región de Moquegua en la provincia de Omate es un material de grano mediano, muy frágil y poco denso a su vez; lo cual hace que tenga un mal comportamiento geotécnico. El material proveniente de un talud, se le adicionará conglomerantes como el cemento y la cal para mejorar sus parámetros geotécnicos y evaluar desde un punto de vista más ingenieril. La metodología de esta investigación se inició con los ensayos para caracterizarlos, entre ello se realizó el ensayo de tamizado NTP 339.128 (ASTM D422), el ensayo para determinar el contenido de humedad NTP 339.127 (ASTM D42216); con la finalidad de poder determinar el suelo de estudio. Luego se realizaron ensayos de pH del suelo NTP 339.176 y de compactación Proctor Modificado NTP 339.141 (ASTM D1557), estos se usaron con el propósito de hallar la mejor dosificación de cal para la arena y del Proctor trato de encontrar la máxima densidad seca del suelo para aplicar esa misma densidad en los ensayos de corte. Finalmente, se ensayaron muestras a un Corte Directo NTP 339.171 (ASTM D3080), con la finalidad de obtener los parámetros de ángulo de fricción y cohesión. Las combinaciones de dosificación de cal que se usó para toda la tesis fueron de 4% constante para todas las muestras y de cemento fueron 2%, 4%, 6% y 8%. En suma, se realizaron estos ensayos a 3 y 7 días de curado, con el fin de evaluar el comportamiento y la tendencia de los esfuerzos cortantes a más días. Los resultados más relevantes mostraron que se obtuvieron un aumento de su ángulo de fricción en respecto al suelo natural de 16% para una mezcla de 2% de cemento y 4% de cal, 30% para una mezcla de 4% de cemento y 4% de cal, 28% para una mezcla de 6% de cemento y 4% de cal; y 22.57% para una mezcla de 8% de cemento y 4% de cal; estos resultados son dados para un curado de 3 días. En cambio, para un curado de 7 días se tienen los siguientes resultados de ángulo de fricción respecto al suelo natura de 27% para una mezcla de 2% de cemento y 4% de cal, 37% para una mezcla de 4% de cemento y 4% de cal, 35% para una mezcla de 6% de cemento y 4% de cal; y 29.92% para una mezcla de 8% de cemento y 4% de cal. En cuanto a los esfuerzos de resistencia al corte que se mostraran más adelante, se puede decir que mejoran con respecto al suelo natural, ya sea para un curado de 3 y 7 días. / The volcanic soil of the Moquegua region in the province of Omate is a medium grain material, very fragile and not very dense; which causes him to have a bad geotechnical behavior. The material from a slope will be added with binders such as cement and lime to improve its geotechnical parameters and evaluate from a more engineering point of view. The methodology of this investigation began with the tests to characterize them, among them the NTP 339.128 sieve test (ASTM D422) was performed, the test to determine the NTP 339.127 moisture content (ASTM D42216); in order to determine the study floor. Then, NTP 339.176 soil pH and Modified Proctor NTP 339.141 (ASTM D1557) compaction tests were performed, with the purpose of finding the best lime dosage for the sand and the Proctor trying to find the maximum dry soil density to apply that same density in cutting tests. Finally, samples were tested at a Direct Cut NTP 339.171 (ASTM D3080), in order to obtain the parameters of friction and cohesion angle. The lime dosage combinations that were used for the entire thesis were 4% constant for all samples and cement were 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%. In sum, these trials were performed at 3 and 7 days of cure, in order to evaluate the behavior and tendency of the shear stresses to more days. The results obtained indicate that the friction angle shows an increase in proportion to natural soil of 16% for a mixture of 2% cement and 4% lime, 30% for a mixture of 4% cement and 4 Lime%, 28% for a mixture of 6% cement and 4% lime; and 22.57% for a mixture of 8% cement and 4% lime; These results are given for a 3-day cure. On the other hand, for a 7-day cure, the following friction angle results with respect to the natural soil of 27% for a mixture of 2% cement and 4% lime, 37% for a mixture of 4% cement and 4% lime, 35% for a mixture of 6% cement and 4% lime; and 29.92% for a mixture of 8% cement and 4% lime. / Tesis