Objetivo: Investigar se há associação entre a diminuição da amplitude de movimento da articulação coxofemoral e a lesão por não-contato do ligamento cruzado anterior em jogadores de futebol. Método: Neste estudo de casos e controles, 50 jogadores de futebol, com lesão por nãocontato do ligamento cruzado anterior do joelho, confirmada por cirurgia, tiveram suas articulações coxofemorais examinadas e comparadas com o grupo controle. Os achados foram estatisticamente analisados, de acordo com dois pontos de corte (70° e 80°, na soma total de rotação interna e rotação externa), em ambos os grupos. Resultados: Uma significativa diminuição na amplitude de movimento da articulação coxofemoral foi encontrada em 38% de todos os indivíduos estudados no menor ponto de corte (70°) e 64% no maior ponto de corte (80°). A diminuição da amplitude de movimento do quadril foi maior no grupo com ruptura de LCA do que no grupo controle, com pequena diferença entre os dois pontos de corte (70° e 80°). A diferença entre pacientes e controles foi estatisticamente significativa (p = 0, 001). Conclusão: Houve uma forte associação entre a diminuição da amplitude de movimento da articulação do quadril e a ruptura de LCA em jogadores de futebol, não somente, mas, principalmente, devido à diminuição da rotação interna. Apesar da falta de comparação com outros esportes, o resultado mostrou um maior aumento da diminuição de amplitude de movimento do quadril no grupo de jogadores de futebol, quando comparado com a população em geral. / Purpose: To investigate whether there is an association between decreased hip range of motion and noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in soccer players. Methods: In this case-control study, 50 soccer players with noncontact ACL injuries confirmed by surgery had their hips examined and compared with those of a control group. Findings were statistically analyzed according to cutoff points (70 and 80 degrees of total internal-external rotation sum) for both groups. Results: A significant decrease in hip range of motion was found in 38% of all individuals studied at the lower cutoff point (70 degrees) and 64% at the upper cutoff point (80 degrees). The decrease in hip range of motion was greater in the group with ruptured ACL than in controls, with little difference between the two cutoff points (70 and 80 degrees). The difference between patients and controls was statistically significant (p < 0,001). Conclusions: There was strong association between decreased hip range of motion and ACL ruptures in soccer players, not only but mainly due to internal rotation lessening. Despite lacking comparison with other sports, our findings showed a higher decrease of hip range of motion in the group of soccer players when compared with the general population.

University of Macau / Faculty of Law

To further investigate athletes’ goal orientations in relation to their use of psychological skills, the present study examined the following objectives: 1) the goal orientations of young Swedish soccer players, (2) their use of psychological skills in both practice and competition and (3) the relationship between their goal orientations and use of psychological skills. Participants were 171 young soccer players from five Swedish high schools. The Perceptions of Success Questionnaire and the Test of Performance Strategies were administered to meet the objectives. Results showed no significant difference between athletes’ task (3.40 ± 1.32; M ± SD) and ego (3.32 ± 1.18) goal orientations. Results further revealed that athletes used more psychological skills in association with competition (3.21 ± .67) than in practice (2.74 ± .63). Moreover, results showed that athletes low in ego orientation used more psychological skills (3.83 ± .67) in practice than athletes high in ego (2.68 ± .60). A recommendation for coaches is to emphasize the importance of using PST in relation to practice in order to maximize athletes’ performances. Results have been discussed in relation to previous research of achievement motivation and athletes’ use of psychological skills.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 4 week respiratory muscle training (RMT) on intermittent recovery performance, pulmonary functions and maximum oxygen consumption capacity (Vo2max) of young soccer players. Eighteen young soccer player who were playing in the Turkey PAF League (league for candidate professional soccer players) from Hacettepe Sports Club with a mean age of 18.4 &plusmn / 0.8 years (ranging from 17 to 19 years) and 8.5 &plusmn / 0.7 (ranging from 7 to 9 years) years experience in soccer participated. Players&rsquo / weekly metabolic equivalent score (MET) was 120. Their maximum oxygen consumption (Vo2max) on a treadmill, pulmonary function with a spirometer, and recovery performance with a yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 2 were measured and then they were randomly assigned into two groups as either RMT (n = 9) or control (n = 9). The RMT group continued both their regular training and RMT treatment with a commercially available powerlung sport respiratory muscle trainer (Powerlung Inc., TX, and USA) for 4 weeks. The control group only continued with their regular training. After completing 4 week RMT implementation (composed of 30 sets of inhalation, two times a day, 5 days of the week), the same tests were performed in order to see the v effects of 4 week RMT treatment on selected parameters mentioned above. Findings of this study indicated that 4 week of RMT treatment significantly improved (% 39) yo-yo intermittent recovery test level 2 performances of the RMT group from pre to post test measurements when compared to subjects in the control group. However, there were no significant improvements in both RMT and control group&rsquo / s Vo2max capacity, Vital capacity (VC), Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow (FEV1.0) and Peak expiratory flow performances (PEF). As a conclusion, 4 week of RMT implementation improves the intermittent recovery performance of young soccer players.

Adolescent athletes of this era are more pressurized than adolescents of previous generations to perform at an optimum level (Micheli & Jenkins 2001, p49). The importance of winning can result in adolescent athletes developing inappropriate nutritional practices such as neglecting hydration and consuming insufficient carbohydrate (Micheli & Jenkins 2001, p57). Consuming insufficient fluid leads to dehydration which reduces a soccer player’s ability to continue training. Consuming inadequate carbohydrate reduces performance and blood glucose levels during training. This study aimed to determine the hydration status, fluid and carbohydrate intake of male, adolescent soccer players during training. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 122 amateur male, adolescent soccer players (mean age = 15.8 ± 0.8 years; mean BMI = 20.4 ± 2.0 kg/m2). The players’ hydration status before and after training, was measured using urine specific gravity and percent loss of body weight. Their carbohydrate intake, as well as the type and amount of fluid consumed, were assessed before, during and after training. A questionnaire was administered to determine the players’ knowledge regarding the importance of fluid and carbohydrate for soccer training. The study had an 87.1% response rate. The mean environmental conditions did not predispose players to heat illness. However, the players were at risk of developing heat illness during six of the 14 training sessions. Although the mean urine specific gravity indicated that players were slightly dehydrated before and after training, 43.8% of players were very or extremely dehydrated before training and 53.6% after training. A few (3.3%) were extremely hyperhydrated before training and after training (7.0%). On average players lost less than 1% of body weight during training and less than 3% of players dehydrated more than 2%. Players consumed mainly water before (289.17 ± 206.37 ml), during (183.20 ± 158.35 ml) and after (259.09 ± 192.29 ml) training. More than 90% stated that water was the most important fluid to consume before, during and after training. Very few (4.7%) correctly stated that carbohydrate should be consumed before, during and after training. Players were found to be slightly dehydrated before and after training and therefore were not consuming enough fluids during training. Players consumed inadequate amounts and types of fluid and carbohydrate. This not only compromises their performance but also health. Players were not aware of the importance of fluid and carbohydrate for soccer training. This study is unique in that it focused on the carbohydrate and hydration practices of socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescent soccer players during training. The study sample therefore represents a high risk group about which there is limited published data both locally and internationally. This study generated important baseline information which was lacking before on the hydration status, fluid and carbohydrate intake of adolescent soccer players in South Africa. / Thesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.

Objetivo: Investigar se há associação entre a diminuição da amplitude de movimento da articulação coxofemoral e a lesão por não-contato do ligamento cruzado anterior em jogadores de futebol. Método: Neste estudo de casos e controles, 50 jogadores de futebol, com lesão por nãocontato do ligamento cruzado anterior do joelho, confirmada por cirurgia, tiveram suas articulações coxofemorais examinadas e comparadas com o grupo controle. Os achados foram estatisticamente analisados, de acordo com dois pontos de corte (70° e 80°, na soma total de rotação interna e rotação externa), em ambos os grupos. Resultados: Uma significativa diminuição na amplitude de movimento da articulação coxofemoral foi encontrada em 38% de todos os indivíduos estudados no menor ponto de corte (70°) e 64% no maior ponto de corte (80°). A diminuição da amplitude de movimento do quadril foi maior no grupo com ruptura de LCA do que no grupo controle, com pequena diferença entre os dois pontos de corte (70° e 80°). A diferença entre pacientes e controles foi estatisticamente significativa (p = 0, 001). Conclusão: Houve uma forte associação entre a diminuição da amplitude de movimento da articulação do quadril e a ruptura de LCA em jogadores de futebol, não somente, mas, principalmente, devido à diminuição da rotação interna. Apesar da falta de comparação com outros esportes, o resultado mostrou um maior aumento da diminuição de amplitude de movimento do quadril no grupo de jogadores de futebol, quando comparado com a população em geral. / Purpose: To investigate whether there is an association between decreased hip range of motion and noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in soccer players. Methods: In this case-control study, 50 soccer players with noncontact ACL injuries confirmed by surgery had their hips examined and compared with those of a control group. Findings were statistically analyzed according to cutoff points (70 and 80 degrees of total internal-external rotation sum) for both groups. Results: A significant decrease in hip range of motion was found in 38% of all individuals studied at the lower cutoff point (70 degrees) and 64% at the upper cutoff point (80 degrees). The decrease in hip range of motion was greater in the group with ruptured ACL than in controls, with little difference between the two cutoff points (70 and 80 degrees). The difference between patients and controls was statistically significant (p < 0,001). Conclusions: There was strong association between decreased hip range of motion and ACL ruptures in soccer players, not only but mainly due to internal rotation lessening. Despite lacking comparison with other sports, our findings showed a higher decrease of hip range of motion in the group of soccer players when compared with the general population.

Objetivo: Investigar se há associação entre a diminuição da amplitude de movimento da articulação coxofemoral e a lesão por não-contato do ligamento cruzado anterior em jogadores de futebol. Método: Neste estudo de casos e controles, 50 jogadores de futebol, com lesão por nãocontato do ligamento cruzado anterior do joelho, confirmada por cirurgia, tiveram suas articulações coxofemorais examinadas e comparadas com o grupo controle. Os achados foram estatisticamente analisados, de acordo com dois pontos de corte (70° e 80°, na soma total de rotação interna e rotação externa), em ambos os grupos. Resultados: Uma significativa diminuição na amplitude de movimento da articulação coxofemoral foi encontrada em 38% de todos os indivíduos estudados no menor ponto de corte (70°) e 64% no maior ponto de corte (80°). A diminuição da amplitude de movimento do quadril foi maior no grupo com ruptura de LCA do que no grupo controle, com pequena diferença entre os dois pontos de corte (70° e 80°). A diferença entre pacientes e controles foi estatisticamente significativa (p = 0, 001). Conclusão: Houve uma forte associação entre a diminuição da amplitude de movimento da articulação do quadril e a ruptura de LCA em jogadores de futebol, não somente, mas, principalmente, devido à diminuição da rotação interna. Apesar da falta de comparação com outros esportes, o resultado mostrou um maior aumento da diminuição de amplitude de movimento do quadril no grupo de jogadores de futebol, quando comparado com a população em geral. / Purpose: To investigate whether there is an association between decreased hip range of motion and noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in soccer players. Methods: In this case-control study, 50 soccer players with noncontact ACL injuries confirmed by surgery had their hips examined and compared with those of a control group. Findings were statistically analyzed according to cutoff points (70 and 80 degrees of total internal-external rotation sum) for both groups. Results: A significant decrease in hip range of motion was found in 38% of all individuals studied at the lower cutoff point (70 degrees) and 64% at the upper cutoff point (80 degrees). The decrease in hip range of motion was greater in the group with ruptured ACL than in controls, with little difference between the two cutoff points (70 and 80 degrees). The difference between patients and controls was statistically significant (p < 0,001). Conclusions: There was strong association between decreased hip range of motion and ACL ruptures in soccer players, not only but mainly due to internal rotation lessening. Despite lacking comparison with other sports, our findings showed a higher decrease of hip range of motion in the group of soccer players when compared with the general population.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VFINAL 19-10-07 Verde.pdf: 380018 bytes, checksum: fcfd4869e7cb2b6d2419a05fe10f3d81 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Competition athletes are subjected to muscular lesions that could be avoided or minimized if a biochemical, metabolic and emotional indicators follow-up were made during practices as a routine, resulting on an increase of the athlete s sport life. The objective of this study was to measure the serum concentration of muscle-skeletal lesions biochemical markers and the psychological state of professional athletes from a soccer team playing at first division. 11 male athletes were evaluated with ages of 26,5 ± 7,5 years, high of 1,73 meters (± 0,5 cm) and weight of 77,1 (± 3,8 kilograms). The gathering of data was made during the annual cycle of practices and games, always before practice in the morning, on six distinct periods of training: pre-season (PT), competitive period one (C1), competitive period two (C2), competitive period with a 72 hours interval after the last activity (recovering period) (C72), competitive period three (C3) and competitive period four (C4). Every day, before the blood sample collect to the biochemical evaluations, a questionnaire of attendance to the psychological variables was applied using the BRUMS scale. On biochemical blood evaluation, were applied serum doses of: creatine kinase (CK), lactato dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferases (AST) and alanine aminotransferases (ALT), magnesium (Mg2+) and calcium (Ca2+). The enzymatic and mineral values found for the analyzed period indicate significant variations when compared to PT. The concentration of CK, LDH and AST demonstrated a great sensibility to detect the risk of lesion when presents progressives and simultaneous increases for the analyzed period, while the ALT, Ca2+ and Mg2+ are not good markers to the risk control of a soccer lesion. The BRUMS scale showed a good reprodutibility to the evaluation of the psychological state of athletes under training, the most significant variables to the detection of lesions risk are fatigue and energy and they present significant correlation with the biochemical markers. 15 lesions were observed through the study, distributed on 11 athletes. The periods of major numbers of lesion for group 1 was C4 (3 lesions 75%) and for group 2 was C1 (3 lesions 60%). When the frequency and distribution of lesions on the observed periods are visualized, we can affirm that there are a tendency to occur a greater number of lesions in periods where we find greater increases of biochemical concentration, especially of CK, LDH and AST, also an increase of stress and fatigue, followed by a progressive decrease on energy. The results of this study indicate a very important relation between the physical wear caused by excessive training and emotional stress that appear in response to the organism aggression by the routine of practices and games of the professional soccer athlete. The need of biochemical and psychological control in training is evidenced by the identification of physical and mental wear, as well as to the practice of preventive actions seeking the preservation and increase of the athlete s sport life. / Atletas de competição estão sujeitos às lesões musculares que poderiam ser evitadas ou minimizadas, se o acompanhamento de indicadores bioquímicos, metabólicos e emocionais, durante os treinamentos, fosse realizado como rotina, o que aumentaria o tempo de vida útil do atleta no esporte. O objetivo deste estudo foi mensurar as concentrações séricas de marcadores bioquímicos de lesão músculo-esquelética e o estado psicológico de atletas profissionais de futebol de equipe da primeira divisão. Foram avaliados 11 atletas do sexo masculino com 26,5 (± 7,5) anos de idade, com altura de 1,73 metros (± 0,5 cm) e peso 77,1 (± 3,8 kg). As coletas de dados ocorreram ao longo de todo o macrociclo anual de treinos e jogos, sempre antes dos treinos, no período matutino, em seis períodos distintos do treinamento: pré-temporada (PT), período competitivo um (C1) período competitivo dois (C2), período competitivo com intervalo de 72 horas após a última atividade (período de recuperação) (C72), período competitivo três (C3) e período competitivo quatro (C4). Diariamente, antes da coleta de sangue para as avaliações bioquímicas, aplicou-se um questionário de acompanhamento das variáveis psicológicas através da escala de BRUMS. Na avaliação bioquímica do sangue, foram realizadas dosagens séricas de: creatina cinase (CK), lactato desidrogenase (LDH), aspartato aminotransferases (AST) e alanina aminotransferase (ALT), magnésio (Mg²+) e cálcio (Ca²+). Na análise dos dados os atletas foram divididos em dois grupos; o grupo 1 era composto por atletas que apresentaram na avaliação PT resultados nas concentrações enzimáticas dentro dos valores de normalidade; o grupo 2 era composto por atletas que apresentaram valores das concentrações enzimáticas acima dos valores de normalidade. Os valores enzimáticos e minerais encontrados para os períodos analisados demonstram variações significativas quando comparados a PT para os dois grupos. As concentrações de CK a LDH e AST demonstraram uma grande sensibilidade ao aumento de risco para a lesão, tanto para o grupo 1 quanto para o grupo 2 apresentando aumentos progressivos e simultâneos para os períodos analisados. A ALT, Ca²+ e Mg²+ não são bons marcadores para o controle de risco para a lesão no futebol em ambos os grupos. A escala de BRUMS apresentou boa reprodutibilidade para avaliação do estado psicológico dos atletas sob treinamento, as variáveis de maior importância para a detecção do risco de lesões são fadiga e vigor e apresentam correlação significativa com os marcadores bioquímicos. Foi observado um total de 15 lesões ao longo do estudo, distribuídas em 11 atletas. Os períodos de maior incidência de lesões para o grupo 1 foi em C4 (3 lesões 75%) e para o grupo 2 foi em C1 (3 lesões 60%). Quando visualizamos a freqüência e distribuição de lesões nos períodos observados, podemos afirmar que existe uma tendência a ocorrer um maior número de lesões nos períodos onde encontramos os maiores aumentos das concentrações bioquímicas, principalmente de CK, LDH e AST, juntamente com o aumento da tensão e fadiga, seguido por uma diminuição progressiva do vigor. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram uma relação muito importante entre o desgaste causado pelo treinamento excessivo e o estresse emocional provocado em resposta à agressão do organismo pela rotina de treinos e jogos do atleta profissional de futebol. Evidencia-se a necessidade do controle bioquímico e psicológico do treinamento tanto para a identificação do desgaste físico e mental, quanto para a prática de ações preventivas visando à preservação e o aumento da vida útil do atleta.

During sports competitions, especially soccer many players and coaches would pray before, during and after the game. Sometimes they would pray when they score a goal. The behaviour has attracted a research interest wanting to know why they do what they do often. The purpose of the study was to understand and evaluate the perceptions of coaches and elite players who continuously use spiritual rituals before, during and after soccer games to influence competitive outcomes. This study was carried out under the guidance of the following key questions; (a) Do spiritual perceptions of elite players influence outcomes of soccer competitions? (b) Does a divergence in spiritual perception between coaches and players influence competitive outcomes? and (c) Are spiritual (ritual) perceptions of soccer coaches and elite players related to religiosity/psychological interventions? In this study, a mixed method of data collection was used to eliminate the biases inherent in single method research. Specifically, qualitative and quantitative methods involving questionnaire, interview and observation supported by secondary and primary literature were used to gather information that would provide answers to the raised key questions. The results show that spiritual ritual practices would not influence the outcome of soccer competitions. Secondly, the spiritual ritual divergence among players and coaches would not influence outcomes of soccer competitions. Thirdly, the results showed that the use of spiritual rituals among players was purely for personal reasons, while the coaches used spiritual rituals as psychological intervention strategy to prepare the team before a given competitive. The overall results show that coaches and players agreed that spiritual rituals interventions are used for psychological interventions more than spiritual interventions. The implications of these findings to the players and coaches are discussed linked with future research focus.

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-11-14T17:53:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_fabio_menezes_sa_filho.pdf: 2653200 bytes, checksum: 8054d1cb6094077f375bf746bd731c2d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-14T17:53:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_fabio_menezes_sa_filho.pdf: 2653200 bytes, checksum: 8054d1cb6094077f375bf746bd731c2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-08 / The employment contract of the professional football player has some peculiarities which are only found in that specific cathegory of athletes. To this effect, it shall be applied whenever feasible, the norms established by Brazilian Federal Law number 9.615, from 24 March 1998, well known as Normas Gerais sobre Desporto, or Pelé’s Law, and when not, the complementary rules of Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT). Based on the directives estabilished in that same law, that all other regulations in that sporting modality are rooted. Throughout this monographic work, we shall delve into the characteristical particularities of this sport employment contract, focusing on the analysis of the juridical nature of the professional athlete's earnings and the juridical consequences originated from the extinction of the Free Pass System. / O contrato de trabalho do atleta profissional de futebol tem particularidades, as quais são inerentes apenas aos jogadores de futebol, não tendo aplicabilidade, de forma obrigatória, mas sim, subsidiária, o disposto na Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT). São aplicadas a este contrato especial, além de alguns dispositivos da CLT, as normas específicas previstas para esta modalidade esportiva. Dentre as quais, a Lei nº. 9.615, de 24 de março de 1998, ou também conhecida por Normas Gerais sobre Desporto ou, ainda, vulgarmente conhecida por Lei Pelé. É com base nas diretrizes previstas nesta lei, que as demais regras reguladoras dessa modalidade desportiva se fundamentam. No decorrer desta obra científica, serão explanadas as particularidades características do contrato de trabalho desportivo, tendo como ápice, a análise da natureza jurídica dos ganhos dos atletas profissionais e as conseqüências jurídicas advindas da extinção do instituto do passe.