Thesis (MS) University of Montana, 2008. / Title from author supplied metadata. Contents viewed on May 19, 2010. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-112).

Introduktion: Fotboll är en av de mest skadedrabbade idrotterna. 70-90% av skadorna är lokaliserade i nedre extremiteter. Den vanligaste skadan är hamstringsruptur och utgör 37% av skador i nedre extremiteter. Det finns idag mycket forskning gjord på hamstringsrupturer hos manliga fotbollsspelare, men skadefrekvensen för hamstringsrupturen minskar inte. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att bidra med ökad medvetenhet och kunskap om uppkomst, rehabilitering och preventiva åtgärder på hamstringsrupturer för tränare i manliga fotbollslag. Metod: Studien har sammanställt redan befintlig litteratur om de valda område för att besvara studiens syfte. Studiens valda metod är en litteraturstudie. Resultat: (1) Uppkomst: Höghastighetssprint & förlängning. (2) Rehabilitering: Individuell konservativ behandling. (3) Preventiva åtgärder: Excentriska övningar ex: Nordic hamstrings exercise, Asklings glider. Slutsats: Mer kunskap behövs inom området, både för tränare och spelare i idrottsföreningar, och kunskapen måste presenteras på ett användbart sätt. / Introduction: Soccer is one of the most injured sports. 70-90% of the injuries are located in the lower extremities. The most common injury is hamstring strain and accounts for 37% of lower limb damage. There is a lot of research done today on hamstring strains for male soccer players, but the injury rate for hamstring strains is not diminishing. Purpose: This study wants to contribute to increased awareness and knowledge of the origin, rehabilitation and prevention of hamstring strains for coaches in male football teams. Method: The study has complied already existing literature on the chosen areas to answer the purpose of the study. The chosen method on the study is a literature study. Result: (1) Origin: High Speed Sprint & extension. (2) Rehabilitation: Individual conservative treatment. (3) Preventive measures: Eccentric exercises eg: Nordic hamstrings training, Askling Glider. Conclusion: More knowledge is needed in the field, for both athletes and coaches, and the knowledge must be presented in a useful way.

Det finns bristande tillgång på studier som undersökt Change of Direction Speed (CODS) och Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA) förmåga att förutspå fysisk prestation under match mätt med GPS-system. Syftet med studien var att undersöka två fälttester, 20 meter Repeated Sprint Ability test (RSA20) och Modifierat-Change of Direction Speed test (M-CODS) och dess samband till fysisk prestation under match: medeldistans (MD), acceleration (ACC), deceleration (DEC), högintensiva löpningar (HL), väldigt högintensiva löpningar (VHL), sprinter och maximal hastighet (MH) under matcher mätt med GPS-system (S5, 100Hz, CatapultSports, Australien). Under försäsongen utförde tio manliga elitfotbollsspelare (25.5±2.1 y/o, 78.8±3.6 kg,181.34±.9 cm) två fälttester som sedan jämfördes med fysisk prestation under match. Studien fann moderata signifikanta samband då p<0.05 mellan bästa tiden på RSA20 (RSA20bäst) och accelerationer inkluderat med decelerationer (ACC+DEC) (r=-0.643) samt medeltiden på RSA20 (RSA20medel) och medelantalet sprinter (r=-0.638). Studiens slutsats var att de utförda fälttesterna inte bör användas i syfte att indikera prestation till följd av inre och yttre faktorers påverkan. / There is an inadequate amount of studies which have examined Change Of Direction Speed test (CODS) and Repeated Sprint Ability test (RSA) possibility to indicate match-related physical performance, measured with GPS-system. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between two field test, 20 meter Repeated Sprint Ability (RSA20), Modified-Change of Direction Speed test (M-CODS) and match related physical performance: average distance (MD), acceleration (ACC), deceleration (DEC), high intensity running (HL),  very high intensity running (VHL), sprints and peak velocity (MH) during games recorded with GPS system (S5, 100Hz, MinimaxX, CatapultsSports, Australia). During the pre-season, ten Swedish male elite soccer players (25.5±2.1 y/o, 78.8±3.6 kg,181.34±.9 cm), completed the two field tests. The results of the two test were later compared and related to in-game physical match performance. This study found moderate significant relationships between best time on RSA20 (RSA20best) and acceleration added with deceleration (ACC+DEC) (r=-0.643) and sprints (r=-0.638). The conclusion of this study was that these analyzed field tests should not be used with the intention to indicate physical match related physical performance, due to the major influence of internal and external factors during gameplay.

Orientador: Denise Vaz de Macedo / Tese (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T02:09:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Stancanelli_Mirtes_M.pdf: 527727 bytes, checksum: 8ebada11e8ef5688039bd52cf92a6a14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Os objetivos desse trabalho foram: i) analisar as concentrações plasmáticas de uréia e creatina quinase (CK) de jogadores de futebol que consumiram caldo de cana imediatamente pós-treinos ou jogos durante todo o Campeonato Brasileiro ii) analisar o efeito da gavagem estomacal com caldo de cana em ratos submetidos a um protocolo de exercício exaustivo agudo na reposição dos estoques de glicogênio muscular e hepático. A sessão de exercício agudo consistiu em natação com carga de 10% do peso corporal até a exaustão após jejum de 30 horas. Imediatamente após o exercício, os animais suplementados receberam água ou caldo de cana por gavagem estomacal. Os dados com os jogadores mostraram uma concentração plasmática de uréia, aliada a uma concentração estável da CK plasmática ao longo de todo o campeonato, sugerindo uma possível ação ergogênica do caldo de cana. O exercício agudo diminuiu significativamente os estoques de glicogênio somente nos músculos gastrocnêmio branco e vermelho dos ratos. A suplementação com caldo de cana (0,7g/kg de peso corporal) aumentou significativamente os estoques de glicogênio desses músculos, sem alterar a concentração de glicogênio hepático. Os ratos suplementados também exibiram maior resistência muscular pós-exercício. Esses dados comprovam o efeito ergogênico do caldo de cana na reposição dos estoques de glicogênio muscular. Entre outras vantagens, o caldo de cana é um produto de fácil obtenção e principalmente de baixo custo, ideal para as condições socio-econômicas dos atletas nacionais / Abstract: The goal of this work were i) monitoring soccer players (n=29) submitted to sugar cane juice consumption immediately after training or games through plasma urea and CK analyses along the Brazilian Championship, and ii) investigate the effect of sugar cane juice ingestion in the restoration of muscular and liver glycogen stores after high intense exercise in rats. The rats swam with 10% body weight load until exhaustion after 30 hours fasting. Immediately after exercise the supplemented animals got water or sugar cane juice from stomach gavages. We have used 56 male Wistar rats weighting from 280 to 310 g, which were divided in 7 groups; control (C); fasting (F); fasting and exercise (FE); water supplemented (WS); and sugar cane juice supplemented (SCS). Liver, white and red gastrocnemius and soleus muscles samples were removed after 40 and 60 min to glycogen concentration determinations. The players exhibited a decrease in plasma urea together with stable levels of plasma CK activity along all the championship, suggesting a recovery action. The exhaustive exercise decreased significantly only the red and white gastrocnemius muscle glycogen stores. Sugar cane juice supplementation (0,7 g/kg body weight) increased significantly glycogen stores of these muscles, but practically didn¿t change liver glycogen concentration after 1 h. These data strongly suggest that sugar cane juice is efficient to maximize the rate of glycogen storage in the early hour¿s post- exercise / Mestrado / Bioquimica / Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

Orientador: Heloisa Helena Baldy dos Reis / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Física / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T00:51:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SouzaJunior_OsmarMoreirade_D.pdf: 11870474 bytes, checksum: bc10f141994873e9e388cc8623fa29ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A prática do futebol por mulheres historicamente é matizada por episódios de concessões, infiltrações, transgressões e conquistas. Embora as mulheres tenham estado presentes em todas as etapas da sociogênese do futebol, protagonizando inserções tanto como espectadoras quanto na condição de praticantes, o espaço e a visibilidade destinados ao futebol feminino evidenciam a inocuidade dessa prática como campo de atuação profissional. À luz desse cenário, o objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em analisar os projetos de jogadoras e de "clubes" para a efetivação do futebol como carreira profissional, bem como a normatização legal dos vínculos futebolísticos dessas atletas. Para esse fim, realizou-se um estudo de caso com três equipes que disputaram o Campeonato Paulista de Futebol Feminino de 2011, por meio de um diário de campo, entrevistas semiestruturadas com dirigentes e treinadores (as) e grupos focais com atletas. As equipes analisadas revelam disparidades estruturais permeadas pelas representações dos diferentes sujeitos, que sinalizam para distanciamentos e aproximações de uma atividade profissional. Os projetos das jogadoras pesquisadas evidenciam o reconhecimento do exercício profissional, porém circunscritos pelos impedimentos da falta de estrutura e da formalização dos vínculos empregatícios. Em contrapartida, pela análise da legislação podemos identificar que as jogadoras exercem atividade profissional de fato, explicitando a ilegalidade dos mecanismos de formalização dos vínculos firmados pelos seus clubes, quando estes não cumprem com as garantias às quais as atletas fariam jus por direito. Tendo em vista a legitimação da profissão de futebolista para as mulheres, indicamos a necessidade de a CBF, federações e clubes afiliados garantirem a sustentabilidade do futebol feminino, com a organização de competições e a manutenção de equipes de mulheres nos clubes que mantêm o futebol profissional atualmente / Abstract: Women's football practice is historically marked by concessions, infiltrations, and transgressions and conquers. Although women have been present in every stage of football's sociogenesis, taking part as spectators and also practicing it, the space and visibility given to women's football highlight the innocuousness towards the sport as a career plan. Bearing such scenario, this research aims to analyze the clubs and players projects towards football as a real career plan, as well as the legal regularization of the employment relationship of the athletes. For this purpose, it was done a case study with three teams disputing the women's football Paulista Championship in 2011, by means of field diary, semi-structured interviews with directors and coaches, and focus groups with athletes. The analyzed teams showed structural disparities permeated by different issues that lead to a detachment and closeness of a professional career. The players' project shows the recognition of the sport as a professional career, nevertheless surrounded by barriers, and lack of structure and employment legitimacy. On the other hand, by analyzing the legislation, it is possible to identify that the players act in fact professionals, highlighting the illegality of the clubs employment relationship, once they do not meet the standards and rights granted by the legislation to the players. Considering the legitimacy of women's football as a career, we point to the need of CBF, federations and affiliated clubs, to grant sustainability for women's football by organizing championships and helping towards women's teams in clubs that currently maintain professional teams / Doutorado / Educação Fisica e Sociedade / Doutor em Educação Física

M.Tech. (Homoeopathy) / The common cold and influenza (flu) are upper respiratory tract conditions; the former characterized by nasal or throat discomfort, sneezing, rhinorrhoea, and malaise, and the latter by fever, coryza, anorexia, cough, headache, malaise and myalgia (Beers et al., 2006). The common cold can be caused by over 200 rhinoviruses while influenza is mostly due to influenza virus A or B. Cold symptoms usually clear after 7-10 days, influenza which is more severe lasts for 2-3 weeks (Eccles, 2005). Athletes are susceptible to common colds and influenza infections due to intensive physical activities and stress, which lowers their immune systems and increases the risk of spread among team-mates. To avoid missing competitions and practice, it would be advantageous for athletes to receive prophylactic treatment during the high risk period for colds and flu such as in winter (Brukner and Khan, 2006). Pelargonium sidoides, which is an ingredient of Linctagon® spray, is a well-researched plant extract which has antiviral, antibacterial and immune-modulator effects (Nativa, 2011). Its effect as a prophylactic for athletes has not been researched. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Linctagon® spray in preventing common colds and influenza in female soccer teams of the University of Johannesburg. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, which took place over 63 days. Thirty female participants aged between 18-30 years were recruited from the University of Johannesburg female soccer teams via direct recruitment during training sessions on the University of Johannesburg Bunting campus. Participants meeting the inclusion criteria completed the Participant Information, Profile and Consent Forms. On day 1, the participants underwent a physical examination (vitals, ear, nose, throat and chest examinations). Participants either received a 20 ml bottle of Linctagon® spray or a placebo spray. Five squirts were taken orally twice daily for nine weeks. Participants also received three Wellness Questionnaires and Health Questionnaires to complete at home weekly and returned these at the following visits. On day 21 and day 42, the researcher collected the completed Questionnaires, performed a physical examination, dispensed and gave participants additional medication, and three additional Wellness and Health Questionnaires. At the final consultation, day 63, the researcher collected the questionnaires, and did a fourth and final physical examination. The data was collected from the participants and analyzed according to group frequencies and independent T-tests. The outcome indicated that the placebo was equally as effective as Linctagon® spray in the prophylaxis of common cold and influenza infections in female soccer team players of the University of Johannesburg for the duration of the study.

Magister Scientiae - MSc / Background: Three epidemiological studies conducted in Rwanda have highlighted that many people at different levels in the community of soccer do not implement accepted control measures for reducing the risk of injuries. However, little is known about what soccer community members themselves know about injury prevention. Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify perceptions of factors influencing the implementation of soccer injury prevention strategies in Rwanda. / South Africa

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes that occur in the anthropometric, physical and motor characteristics of elite junior soccer players over the course of a training year. The participants targeted were elite soccer players from the NMMU-FCK Soccer School of Excellence and a total of 18 players between the ages of 15 to 18 years were recruited to comprise the sample for the study. The participants in the sample were assessed on four separate occasions. Each testing period was separated by a three month interval with the first testing period taking place in June 2005, at the start of their pre-season period, and the last testing session taking place in March of the following year, at the end of their playing season. In order to determine which specific characteristics of soccer were to be tested, the relevant literature was reviewed to establish the requirements, attributes and indicators of success in elite soccer. Therefore the test battery used was compiled in an attempt to address each of the identified physical attributes that contributes to successful soccer play. The battery included the following tests: weight, height and percentage body fat to represent the anthropometric characteristics. The physical characteristics were assessed by testing flexibility, anaerobic speed endurance, aerobic endurance, and muscular strength tests (1 RM bench and leg press, grip strength, and isokinetic knee strength). The motor assessments comprised of tests for speed (10-m, 20-m, and 40-m), explosive leg power (vertical jump), agility, and soccer-specific tests (dribbling and shooting at goal). In addition maturity status during the study was assessed using grip strength and height scores. All of the participants within the study sample were assessed on each day of the testing period, in alphabetical order, and this order was maintained during each testing period. Each of the four testing sessions lasted three days. On entering the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University-Biokinetics and Sport Science Centre (NMMU-BSSC) laboratory on day 1, the participants completed the test battery in the following order: anthropometric measurements (weight, height, skinfolds), flexibility test (sit and reach), leg power test (vertical jump), muscular strength tests (1RM bench press, 1RM leg press, grip strength), and an aerobic endurance test (Multi-Stage Shuttle Run). The tests conducted on day 2 of the test battery were conducted as field tests at the NMMU-FCK soccer playing fields and the participants completed the tests in the same alphabetical order as day 1. The testing battery was conducted in the following order: speed tests (10m, 20m, and 40m sprinting), agility test (Illinois agility run), soccer-specific tests (dribbling and accuracy tests), speed endurance test (Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test). Testing on day 3 consisted of Isokinetic dynamometry strength testing and was conducted at the NMMU-BSSC. Each participant completed the testing protocol according to the same alphabetical order as was used on days 1 and 2. In order to achieve the aim of the study, the following objectives were set: to determine the anthropometric, physical and motor characteristics of the participants at the pre-season, start of season, mid-season and end of season stages of the training year and to identify the peak scores achieved for each variable tested; to compare the variables tested at each of the four testing sessions to determine the progression of each variable tested and to identify at which testing session peak performance related fitness was achieved; to compare the results obtained with relevant data from other research literature; and to monitor the maturation status of the participants. Based on the results achieved it can be concluded that the participants achieved peak physical fitness at the mid-season period (testing session 3). It would appear that the attainment of these results was determined by the participants being exposed to both a pre-season and an in-season training period. It seems that both the completion of the specific types of training that occurred during these two periods, as well as the competitive matches played, elevated the participants physical fitness to the levels required for success at the elite level.

El presente proyecto consistió en evaluar la implementación de un centro de alto rendimiento para jóvenes futbolistas, con un mercado objetivo constituido por varones que viven en Lima metropolitana, entre 12 y 18 años de edad, pertenecientes a los niveles socioeconómicos A, B y C, que practican fútbol y que les gustaría ser futbolistas profesionales. Después de la evaluación geográfica, demográfica y psicográfica, la demanda fue de 157,589 jóvenes que les gustaría ser futbolistas profesionales y estarían dispuestos a adquirir el servicio. Sobre la base de esta referencia se efectuaron las, evaluaciones y los análisis de todo el proyecto. / The present project consisted in evaluate the feasibility to implement a centre of formation of young boys to become professional football players, with a target market consistent of boys that live in the city of Lima , between 12 and 18 years old , belongs to the socioeconomic level A,B,C ; that practices football and would like to become professional players. After evaluating the demand using geographic, demographic and psychographic criteria; it was estimated in 157,589 young boys that would like to acquire the services of the centre. Upon the result of this evaluation it was effectuated the analysis of the full project. / Trabajo de investigación