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Cannabisanvändande ungdomar : En kvalitativ intervjustudie med socialarbetareDahlgren, Hanna, Dahlgren, Ida January 2016 (has links)
Syftet med denna studie har varit att erhålla en djupare kunskap om ungdomars användning av cannabis. För att göra detta utgår denna studie från en kvalitativ intervjumetod där vi har intervjuat fyra socialarbetare samt en polisman. Samtliga informanter har erfarenhet av arbete med ungdomar som brukat cannabis. För att analysera resultaten som uppkommit under intervjuer har vi valt att använda oss av de teoretiska perspektiven social konstruktionism samt utvecklingspsykopatologi. Vidare har vi i studien använt risk och skyddsfaktorer för att analysera vilka faktorer som kan påverka att en ungdom använder sig av cannabis. Resultaten pekar på att bakomliggande faktorer vid bruket är psykisk ohälsa, neuropsykiatrisk diagnos såsom ADHD eller ADD och en problematisk hemmiljö. I resultatet diskuteras vidare om riskfaktorer såsom en bristande skolgång samt huruvida könet har någon betydelse eller skillnad bland de som använder sig av cannabis som berusningsmedel. Ett av de viktigaste resultaten som framkommer är att psykisk ohälsa är den vanligaste gemensamma riskfaktorn hos de ungdomar som använder sig av cannabis och som blir aktuella på socialtjänsten. Nyckelord: cannabis, socialarbetare, social kontruktionism, socialtjänst, ungdomar / The aim of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of young people's use of cannabis. To do that is this study made out of a qualitative interview method where we have interviewed four social workers and one policeman. All informants have experience of working with young people who used cannabis. To analyse the findings raised during the interviews, we have chosen to use the theoretical perspectives of social constructionism and the development of psychopathology. Furthermore, we have in the study used the risk and protective factors to analyse the factors that can influence a young person use of cannabis. The result indicates that the factors behind the use of cannabis are mental illness, neuropsychiatric diagnosis as ADHD or ADD and a problematic home. This result further discussion of risk factors such as a lack of schooling and whether sex has any significance or difference among those who use cannabis as an intoxicant. One of the main results that emerge is that mental illness is the most common risk factor for young people who use cannabis, and who is current to the social services. Keywords: cannabis, social constructionism, social service, social worker, young people
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Sutrikusios psichikos asmenų vaizdavimas Lietuvos žiniasklaidoje / Representation of People with Mental Disorders in the Lithuanian Mass MediaMataitytė-Diržienė, Jurga 14 April 2011 (has links)
Disertacijoje analizuojama psichikos sutrikimų kaip socialinių konstruktų samprata ir žiniasklaidos vaidmuo tokių konstruktų kūrimo procese. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas: išanalizuoti Lietuvos dienraščių bei interneto naujienų tinklalapių konstruojamus sutrikusios psichikos asmenų vaizdinius bei šių vaizdinių atspindžius visuomenės nuomonėje.
Disertaciją sudaro įvadas, keturios pagrindinės dalys, darbo išvados, literatūros sąrašas ir priedai. Pirmojoje darbo dalyje pristatomos teorinės metodologinės disertacijos prielaidos: P. L. Bergerio ir T. Lukmano socialinio konstrukcionizmo teorijos pagrindinės teorinės įžvalgos ir jų taikymas analizuojant psichikos sutrikimų fenomeną. Antrojoje darbo dalyje analizuojama žiniasklaidos reikšmė ir poveikis konstruojant socialinio pasaulio fenomenų vaizdinius. Trečiojoje dalyje išsamiai pristatoma tyrimo metodika. Ketvirtojoje darbo dalyje pateikiama empirinio tyrimo duomenų analizė ir interpretacijos. Darbo pabaigoje formuluojamos darbo išvados.
Siekiant pagrindinio darbo tikslo, trijų etapų empirinio tyrimo metu derinant kokybinius ir kiekybinius metodus buvo atlikta žiniasklaidos publikacijų analizė naudojant diskurso analizės ir turinio analizės metodus, anketavimo būdu atlikta reprezentatyvi visuomenės nuomonės apklausa, naudojant fokus grupės metodą atskleista sutrikusios psichikos asmenų nuomonė.
Darbe konstatuojama, jog Lietuvos žiniasklaida sutrikusios psichikos asmenis vaizduoja remdamasi stereotipais, vyraujančiu medicininiu šio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of this work is the concepts of mental disorders as a social constructs and the role of the mass media in the process of their construction. The main aim of the dissertation is to analyze the representations of people with mental disorders in the Lithuanian newspapers and news websites and to examine manifestations of these depictions in the public opinion.
The dissertation consists of an introduction, four main parts, conclusions and the list of references. In the first part of the dissertation the theoretical methodological presumptions of P. L. Berger’s and T. Luckmann’s theory of social constructionism are presented and the phenomenon of the social construction of mental disorders is analyzed using this theoretical framework. In the second part the influence and importance of the mass media in the process of constructing representations of social phenomena, including mental disorders is presented. The methods of the empirical research are presented in the third part of the work. Analysis and interpretations of the empirical research data are presented in the fourth part of the dissertation. At the end of the work conclusions are stated.
The main aim of the dissertation was reached by conducting a three staged empirical research combining qualitative and quantitative research methods. The research methods were: the analysis of the mass media publications using methods of Discourse analysis and Content analysis; the investigation of public opinion by... [to full text]
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Honour Culture : The thoughts and experiences of four young men, who have lived in a residential care home for unaccompanied childrenHammarquist, Johanna, Hajo Batti, Viyan January 2017 (has links)
This is a qualitative study that explores the thoughts and experiences of honour culture of young men who have previously been living in a residential care home for unaccompanied children. The data was collected through four semi-structured face-to-face interviews. The social constructionist theory was used together with previous research in order to analyse the results. The results of this study show that the informants highly associate honour culture with women, and therefore feel burdened with the fact that they are expected to guard females both in and outside their own families. Results also show that males are subjected to honour based oppression in different forms. Furthermore, it was found that honour culture is connected to shame and a fear of being ostracized from the family or the community.
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I spänningsfältet mellan mätbarhet och meningsskapande : - diskurser om kvalitet i förskolan / In the tension between measurability and meaning : - discourses about quality in preschoolPersson, Åsa January 2016 (has links)
The aim of this study is to explore discourses that emerge in texts in pre-school quality reports from 2011-2015 and how pre-school practitioners talk about quality in pre-school. Because of the complexity of the concept of "quality" the study is limited to focus on and explore discourses about quality in preschool that emerge in texts where preschools make a comprehensive analysis and assessment of their educational activity and quality. Five texts from different pre-schools and three transcribed interviews/conversations with pre-schoolteachers (one of these teachers has previous experience of being a preschool director) and one preschool director/teacher are analyzed. Three of the texts originate from communal pre-school units in a larger city in Sweden and the other two are from smaller community pre-schools throughout the country. The texts and the statements in the interviews are analyzed from a social constructional perspective and with discourse analytical tools inspired by Norman Fairclough (2010). Two different dimensions are analysed; the texts and the discursive practice but mainly the focus is on the analysis of the texts. The result of the analysis of the texts and the statements from the interviews, shows two emerging discourses of quality; “measurability” and “meaning making”. These two perspectives about quality in pre-school stand side by side in the texts and dialogs which results in a “field of tension” between the discourses. The first discourse, measurability, can be related to a political agenda of management, financial interests and controllability where pre-school quality is connected to accomplishments and results. In this perspective, knowledge and learning connect to an idea that all children develop and learn in a predetermined and predictable manner and therefore becomes measurable. The second discourse, meaning making, has its roots in a social constructional perspective were learning and knowledge are socially constructed by language when people interact, and therefore knowledge and understanding are undergoing constant transformations by reflection and negotiation.
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Gendered positions in a church youth group: a discourse analysisDe Vos, Grace Afton January 2012 (has links)
Magister Artium - MA / This research is a discourse analysis of a Christian ‗coloured‘ youth group, from the area of Mitchell‘s Plain, Cape Town. The aim of the analysis is to explore the ways in which the interlocutors construct their identities and gender positions and how they are able to affirm, challenge and perpetuate dominant discourses. The role of this context, namely the social and religious context is pivotal to shaping this interaction.The analysis of the data uses the Appraisal framework particularly the attitudinal and engagement systems to analyse how the interlocutors strategically communicate their attitudes,evaluations, feelings and judgements. Ultimately, this research shows how the males and females use language to negotiate identities and socially position themselves.In addition, the research indicates that the male interlocutors in most instances exert a strong influence on the discussions, which result in females showing tendencies to allow for the male
ideologies to dictate, thus perpetuating the dominant ideologies about male and female behaviour.
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Experiences of coloured heroin users in Metro South area of Cape Town: A social work perspectiveCaswell, Dominique January 2018 (has links)
Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / Heroin usage is on the increase in the Western Cape province of South Africa owing to
globalization and to increased access to the drug in this province. The goal of this study is to
explore the experiences of coloured heroin users in the Metro South area of , which
stretches from Simons Town and Muizenberg to Retreat, Lavender Hill, Grassy Park, Parkwood
and Wynberg. These individuals have been found to congregate in the Wynberg CBD. The
overarching theoretical framework for the purpose of this research is social constructionism and
symbolic interactionism, using a qualitative means of inquiry. Snowball sampling was used to
recruit prospective participants and data was collected by means of in-depth interviews, with a
semi structures interviewing schedule. The questions informed the subsequent themes and
categories that arise from the data collection process.
Snowball sampling was employed in this case, a non-probability sample, in which participants
were recruited via key informants. The sample distribution included 13 participants, 10 of which
were heroin users (5 female, 5 male) and the remaining 3 were key informants which contributed
to triangulation of the data.
In terms of the findings, participants spoke of mostly being involved in intimate relationships,
which according to participants had dual benefits. For female participants intimate relationships
offered a form of protection on the often dangerous streets of Wynberg and for certain males,
intimate relationships offered an opportunity to fund their habit, by trading their female partners
to perform sexual favors for money to acquire heroin. While the study found females were
mainly involved in trading sexual favors for money, heterosexual males were also implicated in
having sexual relations with homosexual men for money. Furthermore, the study found that
heroin users in Wynberg represented a surrogate family, where, because of their lifestyle, they
were disconnected from their own family. This family surrogate was found to be supportive,
caring to a large extent, shared a living space, protective of each other and shared a common
language and understanding.
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A participação da família no tratamento em Saúde Mental como prática no cotidiano do serviço / The participation of family in Mental Health treatment as practice in the quotidian of the serviceMartins, Pedro Pablo Sampaio 14 June 2013 (has links)
A preocupação com a participação da família no tratamento em Saúde Mental no Brasil tem se produzido historicamente a partir do movimento de reforma psiquiátrica, que busca transformar a lógica de produção de cuidado em saúde. Desde então, observa-se certa tensão neste campo, com a presença de diferentes discursos sobre a família, sua participação, envolvimento e responsabilidade com relação ao adoecimento mental e seu cuidado. O objetivo do presente estudo é compreender como familiares atendidos em um programa de assistência à família, no contexto de uma instituição de Saúde Mental, constroem sentidos sobre sua participação no tratamento. Para tanto, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, semiestruturadas, com dez familiares de pacientes de um serviço público de semi-internação psiquiátrica localizado em uma cidade de médio porte no estado de São Paulo. Estas entrevistas tiveram como tema central a participação destes familiares no programa de assistência à família da instituição, considerando seus entendimentos sobre família, doença mental e tratamento. As entrevistas foram audiogravadas e transcritas integralmente, sendo submetidas a procedimentos qualitativos de análise, com base nas contribuições do movimento construcionista social em ciência. Em primeiro lugar, realizamos uma análise temática, organizada em três recortes temporais: 1) Famílias em sofrimento, que versa sobre a vida dos familiares antes do HD, tendo como temas o surgimento da doença e suas consequências na vida familiar, e as passagens por serviços de saúde; 2) Famílias em tratamento, que contempla cinco formas de participação dos familiares no HD: o cuidado à família, o aprendizado sobre a doença mental, a transformação das relações familiares, o cuidado com o familiar em semi-internação e o cuidado mútuo entre as famílias; 3) Famílias em desenvolvimento, relacionando os assuntos acerca da vida atual, considerando a melhora do paciente, os desafios da vida pós-alta e as perspectivas imaginadas por estes familiares. A seguir, analisamos o processo comunicacional de uma das entrevistas, ilustrando como toda descrição da participação do familiar era construída como produto da interação de pesquisa. Percebemos como determinadas posturas do entrevistador convidavam a um processo de participação do familiar similar àquele que se pretendia investigar. Concluímos que a participação destes familiares no tratamento se constrói como possibilidade não apenas mediante o convite para participação, mas através do efetivo e cotidiano investimento na qualidade das relações entre os atores envolvidos no processo (pacientes, familiares e profissionais de saúde), em um contínuo processo, construído momento-a-momento no cotidiano das práticas de saúde. Esta compreensão chama atenção para a micropolítica da produção de cuidado e para a necessidade de uma atenção aos processos comunicativos e relacionais envolvidos na participação da família no cotidiano da instituição. Concluímos apontando o desafio de inventar, no cotidiano das práticas, formas de fazer este cuidado acontecer. Para este fim, destacamos a importância de deslocar o entendimento de tratamento da família para cuidado da família. A transformação deste entendimento considera os efeitos negativos que discursos de culpabilização e adoecimento da família geram na sociedade, buscando transformá-los em direção a discursos atrelados a práticas que de fato apoiem e ajudem famílias em sofrimento. (FAPESP) / Concerns with the participation of family in mental health treatments in Brazil have historically aroused from the movement of psychiatric reform, which aims at changing the logic that underlies the production of healthcare. Ever since then, it has been possible to observe tensions in this field, characterized by the presence of different discourses regarding family, their participation, involvement and responsibility in relation to mental health and to its needed care. This study aims to understand how relatives of mental health patients make meanings about their own participation in treatment. We conducted individual, semi structured interviews with ten of those relatives who were seen in a mental health day service in a city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The participation of these family members in treatment was the central theme of these interviews, which focused especially on their understandings about family, mental health and treatment. The interviews were recorded in audio, fully transcribed and later analyzed through qualitative procedures, based on the contributions of the social constructionist movement in science. First, we conducted a thematic analysis, which was organized in three time-based categories: 1) Families in pain, that refers to the lives of the family members before their participation in treatment, and that has as themes the arising of the illness, its consequences to family life, and the families seek for help in health services; 2) Families in treatment, which contemplates five forms of participation in the program for family assistance, namely the care for families, the learning about the mental illness, the transformation of family relationships, the care for the family member who is being treated, and the mutual care between different families; 3) Families in development, under which are the themes regarding the interviewees current lives, considering the improvement of the patients situation, the challenges family members have faced since they left the service, and their imagined perspectives for life. Next, we analyzed the communicational process in one of the interviews that illustrated how every description of the participation of the family member in treatment was constructed as an interactional product during the research process. We realized how certain stances of the researcher invited a process of participation by the family member very similar to that which we wanted to investigate. We concluded that the participation of these family members in treatment is constructed as a possibility not only through inviting them to participate, but through an effective and daily investment in the quality of the relationships between different social actors involved in the process (patients, family members, healthcare practitioners). We characterized this as an ongoing process, constructed at every moment during everyday health practices. This understanding calls attention to the micro politics of production of healthcare, and to the necessity of an attention to communicational and relational processes involved in the participation of family in the quotidian of the institution. We concluded by pointing to the challenge of creating, in daily practices, ways of making this care happen. For that, we highlighted the importance of moving away from an understanding of a family being treated to one that considers a family who needs care. The transformation of this understanding considers the negative effects that discourses blaming families for the disease create in society. We hope to contribute to changes in these discourses towards others that, intertwined to practices, may actually be supportive and helpful to families who suffer. (The São Paulo Research Foundation).
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Sentidos construídos com profissionais de saúde da família sobre trabalho em equipe / Senses built with family health professionals about teamwork.Cintra, Thais Silva 04 November 2013 (has links)
Nas últimas décadas, críticas ao modelo de saúde hegemônico marcado pela lógica biomédica emergiram, impulsionando transformações na compreensão de saúde e em suas práticas. No Brasil, a Saúde da Família se destaca como estratégia para reorganização do modelo assistencial na Atenção Básica, buscando a implementação de práticas baseadas numa visão ampliada de saúde, sustentadas numa compreensão biopsicossocial do processo saúde-doença. Nessa nova proposta de atuação em saúde, o trabalho em equipe interdisciplinar se destaca, como meio de promover um atendimento mais integral à comunidade. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender os sentidos construídos por profissionais de saúde da família acerca do trabalho em equipe, a partir de reflexões sobre o seu próprio processo de trabalho. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir da análise de um banco de dados, que foi constituído através da gravação em áudio e transcrição integral de quinze encontros de grupo de discussão com profissionais de três Unidades de Saúde da Família de uma cidade do interior de São Paulo. A análise desse material foi realizada com base em procedimentos qualitativos de análise temática, com base nas contribuições do movimento construcionista social em Psicologia. Essa análise privilegiou a compreensão do processo conversacional entre os participantes da pesquisa, por meio de uma análise temático sequencial, focalizando tanto os sentidos produzidos (conteúdo), como o próprio processo de construção dos mesmos nas interações grupais. Através dessa análise, descrevemos três modos particulares de organização do trabalho em equipe, sendo estes nomeados por meio de três metáforas distintas. Na equipe A, a metáfora: A equipe como construção conjunta, sinaliza o envolvimento conjunto dos profissionais para o desenvolvimento das atividades na unidade, sendo que para estes favorecem a criação de espaços de diálogo para pensarem sua prática. Na equipe B, a metáfora: A equipe como uma família, significa que a relação de afeto existente entre os profissionais de saúde é capaz de solucionar qualquer tipo de problema ou conflito relacionado ao trabalho, como também favorecer a realização das atividades propostas. Na equipe C, a metáfora: A equipe como um time de futebol, representa a idealização e busca dos profissionais para que a atuação da equipe aconteça da mesma forma que a de um time de futebol, sendo destacada a importância da solidariedade e da confiança para que o trabalho ocorra de forma eficiente. Esta equipe valoriza a conversa sobre as dificuldades e conflitos para pensar uma prática mais integrada. Assim, compreendemos que as metáforas produzidas representam o modo como cada equipe realiza seu trabalho em equipe na saúde da família. Estas metáforas sustentam diferentes práticas no cotidiano, que ora aproximam, ora distanciam as equipes de um trabalho que valoriza os processos de diálogo como modo de resolver conflitos e promover maior participação social. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa possibilitou pensar como a equipe de saúde se articula diante dos desafios e dificuldades no contexto da ESF. (CAPES) / In recent decades, criticism of hegemonic health model marked by biomedical logic emerged, propelling transformations in the understanding of health and in its practices. In Brazil, the Family Health stands out as a strategy for reorganizing the aid model in the Basic Care, seeking for the implementation of practices based on an expanded vision of health, sustained by a biopsychosocial understanding of the health-disease process. This new proposal for activities in health, with an interdisciplinary team work, stands out as a means of promoting a more integrated community care. The present research aims to understand the meanings constructed by family health professionals about teamwork, from reflections on its own worker process. The survey was conducted from the analysis of a database, which was set up through audio recordings and full transcriptions of fifteen encounters of discussion group with professionals from three Family Health Care Centers of an inner city of São Paulo. The analysis of this material was based on qualitative thematic analysis procedures, on the basis of the contributions of the social constructionist movement in Psychology. This analysis focused on the comprehension of the conversational process among the participants of the survey, through a sequential thematic analysis, focusing on both the senses produced (content), and its construction process in group interactions. Through this analysis, we describe three particular modes of organization of teamwork, being appointed through three different metaphors. On team A, the metaphor: \"the team as a joint construction\", signals the involvement of professionals for the development of the activities in the care center, providing the creation of spaces for dialogue to think about their practice. On team B, the metaphor: \"the team as a family,\" means that the relationship of affection that exists between health professionals is able to solve any kind of problem or work-related conflict, and also to promote the implementation of the proposed activities. In the team C, the metaphor: \"the team like a football team\", represents the creation and search of professionals so that the performance of the team happens the same way as a football team, highlighting the importance of solidarity and confidence so that the work occurs efficiently. This team empowers the dialogue about the difficulties and conflicts to think about a more integrated practice. Thus, we understand that these metaphors produced represent how each team realizes its teamwork on family health. These metaphors sustain different practices in daily life that, sometimes approximate, sometimes keep teams away from a work that values the dialogue processes as a way to resolve conflicts and promote greater social participation. Thus, this research made it possible to think how the health team articulates in order to face the challenges and difficulties in the context of the ESF (CAPES).
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Construindo cuidado: a relação com os profissionais da saúde nas práticas discursivas de pessoas diagnosticadas com transtornos alimentares / Constructing careSouza, Laura Vilela e 10 June 2011 (has links)
O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi compreender as práticas discursivas de pessoas diagnosticadas com Anorexia Nervosa (AN) ou Bulimia Nervosa (BN) com relação a produção de sentidos sobre as relações profissional-paciente no âmbito do tratamento desses transtornos alimentares (TA), aqui considerados não como quadros diagnósticos, mas como construções sociais. Esse objetivo foi traçado no diálogo com a literatura científica na área que identifica poucos espaços de escuta dessas pessoas sobre o que elas consideram importante em suas relações com os profissionais de saúde, e no diálogo com as narrativas das participantes deste estudo que apontaram a boa qualidade do relacionamento profissionalpaciente como importante na construção de um atendimento considerado satisfatório. De maneira específica, buscou-se compreender como o uso de diferentes repertórios interpretativos e discursos sociais participam da produção de sentidos sobre as relações profissional-paciente, além de investigar as implicações dos diferentes posicionamentos assumidos por ambos na coconstrução de descrições de si, direitos, deveres e lugares ocupados pelos pacientes na relação com os profissionais. Para tanto, foram entrevistadas 12 mulheres diagnosticadas com AN e BN atendidas por um serviço de assistência em TA. 5 dessas mulheres responderam de forma mais pessoal sobre o que é um relacionamento significativo com um profissional, oferecendo histórias de seus relacionamentos anteriores e atuais com os profissionais, narradas com riqueza de detalhes. Considerando-se a vasta quantidade de material a ser analisado, um recorte do material foi necessário e essa riqueza narrativa foi o critério utilizado para a seleção dessas 5 entrevistas para análise. O corpus de análise foi composto pelo recorte dos momentos das entrevistas nos quais o tema do relacionamento profissional-paciente estava presente. Assumindo-se uma perspectiva construcionista social sobre produção do conhecimento, utilizou-se, para a análise desse corpus, a Teoria relacional do sentido, a Teoria do posicionamento e a proposta teóricometodológica das Práticas discursivas e produção de sentidos. A partir da análise desse material foi possível abordar: as implicações do uso do discurso biomédico, que entende a AN e BN como psicopatologias, para as construções de si das participantes deste estudo e para a construção de possibilidades e limites da sua participação nas decisões sobre o tratamento; o pedido das participantes para uma maior proximidade afetiva com o profissional; o lugar ocupado pelo psicólogo e pelos demais profissionais da equipe multidisciplinar frente a esse pedido; os efeitos dos repertórios interpretativos disponibilizados pela literatura da área sobre a dificuldade no relacionamento profissional-paciente para as práticas discursivas das participantes ao falarem de seus desentendimentos com os profissionais; e as implicações da eleição do tratamento hospitalar como locus privilegiado de cuidado dessas pessoas. Alguns aportes teóricos construcionistas sociais, como a responsabilidade relacional, o ser relacional, o diálogo transformador e a postura colaborativa foram ofertados para pensar cenários relacionais entre profissionais e pacientes que pudessem incluir: a noção de identidade como movimento e não como estabilidade; o entendimento dos sucessos e insucessos nesses relacionamentos como ações conjuntas; a defesa do paciente como agente coconstrutor de seu cuidado e a possibilidade de convivência de diferentes verdades em saúde. / The general aim of this work was to understand the discursive practices of people diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN) in the meaning production about professional-patient relationships in the treatment of eating disorders. Eating disorders are understood here as social constructions. This objective was delineated in dialogue with the scientific literature in the field that identifies a lack of spaces to listen to these people as well as in dialogue with this study participants\' narratives that associated meaningful assistance with the possibility of good quality in professional-patient relationship. Specifically, we aimed at understanding how the use of different interpretive repertoire and social discourses participate in the meaning production about the professional-patient relationship. We also tried to comprehend the implications of different positions assumed by both of them in the coconstruction of self descriptions, rights, duties and places occupied by patients in their relations with professionals. In order to do that, 12 women diagnosed with AN and BN assisted by an eating disorder service were interviewed. 5 interviews were selected to be analysed considering its richness of narratives about professional-patient relationship. Interview excerpts in which the theme of professional-patient relationship was discussed were selected to compose the analysis corpus Assuming a social constructionist perspective about knowledge construction, the following theoretical and methodological resources were used: Relational Theory of Meaning, Positioning Theory and Discursive practices and production of meanings. The analysis highlighted: the implications of biomedical discourse use, in which AN and BN is understood as psychopathologies, to the self constructions of the participants of this study and to the construction of possibilities and limitations of their participation in the decisions about the treatment; the participants\' request for closer and emotional relationship with professionals; the role of the psychologist and the rest of the multidisciplinary team to address this request; the effects of the use of the literature in the field that constructs the professional-patient relationships in terms of its difficulties in the discursive practice of the participants when they talked about their conflicts with professionals; and the implication of electing treatment as the privileged scenario of health care. Some social constructionist resources such as Relational Responsibility, Relational Being, Transformative Dialogue and Collaborative Partnership, were implemented to think about relational scenarios between professionals and patients that could include: the idea of identity as movement instead of stability; the understanding of the success and failure in these relationships as conjoint actions; the defense of the patient\'s protagonism in the construction of health; and the possibility of the coexistence of diverse realities.
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Construção de sentidos sobre a participação do pai no tratamento de filhas com diagnóstico de transtornos alimentares / Construction of meanings about the father\'s participation in the treatment of daughters diagnosed with eating disordersSaviolli, Carolina Mota Gala 09 November 2012 (has links)
O objetivo geral do presente estudo foi compreender o processo de construção de sentidos sobre a participação do pai no contexto de tratamento dos transtornos alimentares. A partir da utilização de uma perspectiva construcionista social, esses transtornos passaram a ser compreendidos enquanto construções sociais, da mesma maneira que o lugar do pai na atualidade. Esse objetivo foi delineado a partir da experiência em um serviço especializado de atendimento, o Grupo de Assistência em Transtornos Alimentares (GRATA), no qual se denotava a maior presença das mães nas estratégias oferecidas, assim como do diálogo com a literatura científica, que apontava reduzidos estudos que focalizassem o discurso paterno. Como objetivos específicos, buscaram-se compreender como os discursos sociais da atualidade contribuem para a construção de sentidos sobre a participação do pai, e quais limites eles circunscrevem em termos das ações tomadas. Para isso, foram conduzidas 12 entrevistas individuais com pais cujas filhas estivessem em seguimento no serviço naquele momento e, em um caso apenas, com o pai de uma filha que havia recebido alta do serviço. O roteiro de entrevista utilizado tratava de temas considerados relevantes para esse contexto, mas, pela vasta quantidade de material, um recorte precisou ser aplicado, tendo como critério priorizar os sentidos construídos que contribuíram mais diretamente para a construção da participação do pai no tratamento. As entrevistas foram transcritas literalmente e na íntegra, constituindo o corpus de análise. A análise foi empreendida com base na Teoria Relacional do Sentido e na Teoria das Práticas Discursivas e Produção de Sentidos no Cotidiano. Foram enfatizados também os jogos de linguagem e de posicionamento situados na relação pesquisadora-colaborador, considerando a linguagem em uso como ação, construtora de realidades. A partir desse empreendimento relacional, foi possível discutir alguns pontos relevantes para a compreensão da temática: o posicionamento da pesquisadora enquanto psicóloga do serviço e como isso delimitou os sentidos produzidos nas interações; a valorização do conhecimento especializado; a construção ampliada da participação do pai para além das atividades oferecidas no contexto hospitalar, como seu lugar de apoio à filha e à esposa, especialmente; o cuidado como ação paterna. Tais sentidos foram confrontados com os validados pela literatura na área, e iniciadas algumas reflexões no sentido de ampliar a negociação sobre a participação do pai, utilizando, para tanto, algumas ferramentas conversacionais construcionistas, como a de self relacional e da responsabilidade relacional. Espera-se que os resultados possam auxiliar os profissionais e os serviços de saúde que atendem a essa população a uma relação mais colaborativa com esses pais, na qual haja o diálogo com esses atores e legitimação desse saber, buscando contextos de assistência que sejam mais convidativos para eles. Isso talvez contribua para uma ressignificação de seu lugar no tratamento de suas filhas. / The aim of this study was to understand the meaning construction process about the father\'s participation in the treatment context of eating disorders. Based on the use of a social constructionist perspective, these disorders are understood as social constructions, in the same way as the father\'s place nowadays. This aim was outlined departing from the experience at an specialized care service, the Eating Disorder Care Group (GRATA), where the greater presence of mothers in the strategies offered was observed, as well as from the dialogue with scientific literature, which appointed limited studies that focused on paternal discourse. As specific aims, we attempted to understand how current social discourse contributes to the construction of meanings about the father\'s participation, and what limits they circumscribe in terms of what actions need to be taken. Therefore, individual interviews were held with 12 fathers whose daughters were under treatment at the time of the research. In only one case the daughter had been discharged from the service. The interview script addressed themes that are considered relevant for this context but, due to the great amount of material, an excerpt was taken, prioritizing the meanings that most directly contributed to the construction of the father\'s participation in treatment. The interviews were completely and literally transcribed, constituting the analysis corpus. To undertake the analysis, the concepts proposed in the Theory of Meaning and the Theory of Discursive Practices and Production of Meanings in Daily Life. Language and positioning games were emphasized that are situated in the relation between researcher and collaborator, considering the language used as action, as a constructor of reality. Based on this relational undertaking, some relevant aspects to understand the theme could be discussed: the researcher\'s positioning as the service psychologist and how this outlined the meanings produced in the interactions; the valuation of specialized knowledge; the expanded construction of the father\'s participation beyond the activities offered in the hospital context, especially as his place to support his daughter and wife; care as paternal action. These meanings were confronted with those validated in literature in the area, and some reflections started in order to broaden the negotiation about the father\'s participation, using some constructionist conversation tools for this purpose, including the concept of relational self and the concept of relational responsibility. We hope the results can help health professionals and services that deliver care to this population to achieve a more collaborative relation with these partners, which is open to dialogue and can result in care contexts that are more inviting to them, legitimizing this knowledge. This may contribute to attribute a new meaning to their place in their daughters\' treatment.
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