L'envelliment de la població i la importància de les TIC a la societat actual han motivat la necessitat d'integrar més a les persones grans en la interacció persona-ordinador. La investigació actual es centra en factors individuals de l'envelliment i l'aproximació més generalitzada és dissenyar interfícies considerant les persones grans com a conjunt de factors. Aquesta tesi doctoral planteja un paradigma diferent: de factors a persones grans com a actors. En aquest paradigma, prestar atenció als canvis en capacitats funcionals no és l'únic que importa, cal que interacció i ús real estiguin més fortament relacionats. En aquest marc, aquesta tesi presenta els resultats d'un treball etnogràfic extens sobre el correu electrònic i la web. Mètodes quantitatius i mixtes s'han utilitzat en altres aspectes, que recolzen aquest estudi de camp. Altres capítols presenten contribucions metodològiques en avaluació en entorns reals. La tesi acaba proposant estratègies per a investigar amb persones grans com a actors socials, insistint en considerar l'experiència de vida de la gent gran i estudiar més l'ús i les interaccions en entorns reals combinant etnografia i treball més experimental. / El envejecimiento de la población y la importancia de las TIC en la sociedad actual han motivado la necesidad de integrar más a las personas mayores en la interacción persona-ordenador. La investigación actual se centra en factores individuales del envejecimiento y la aproximación más generalizada es diseñar interfaces considerando a las personas mayores como un conjunto de factores. Esta tesis doctoral plantea un paradigma diferente: de factores a personas mayores como actores. En este paradigma, prestar atención a los cambios en capacidades funcionales no es lo único que importa, sino que interacción y uso real deberían estar más fuertemente relacionados. En este marco, esta tesis presenta los resultados de un trabajo etnográfico extenso sobre el correo electrónico y la web. Métodos cuantitativos y mixtos se han utilizado en otros aspectos, que apoyan este estudio de campo. Otros capítulos presentan contribuciones metodológicas en evaluación en entornos reales. La tesis acaba proponiendo estrategias para investigar con personas mayores como actores sociales, insistiendo en considerar la experiencia de vida de la gente mayor y estudiar más el uso y las interacciones en entornos reales combinando etnografía y trabajo más experimental. / Population ageing and the role of computers in current society have created a need to strengthen HCI with older people. The current paradigm considers them as a set of factors and central to it is compensation for age-related changes in functional abilities. This dissertation proposes a different paradigm: from factors towards interaction based on older people as social actors. Within this paradigm, compensating for diminishing abilities is not the cornerstone of research. Instead, interaction and real-life use should be closely intertwined. Against this framework, the thesis presents the results of an extensive ethnographic work on e-mail and web use. Quantitative and mixed methods are employed in other aspects related to use and interaction which complement this major study. Other chapters include methodological contributions to real-life evaluation. The dissertation discusses strategies for approaching HCI with older people. Central to them is the concept of life experience and the need to turn to everyday interactions by combining classical ethnography with experimentations.

Smartphones are the most personalized and in the meantime the most anthropomorphized computing and communication technology in our society. Existing studies, especially Computers as Social Actors studies, on anthropomorphism and social interactions focus on how to implement and elicit positive anthropomorphic effects but fail to address the motivations and dispositional factors. Through an online survey that incorporates well-tested social psychological scales, this study provides empirical evidences that smartphone users’ social dispositions including chronic loneliness, attachment style, and cultural orientations are associated with their acceptance and awareness of anthropomorphism. Findings in this study suggest that existing studies are limited to method of choice and overlooked how people adapt to communication technologies differently in real life settings. Anthropomorphic design in communication technology and anthropomorphized message in advertising strategies need further examination when targeting a diversified or specified demographic.

In this thesis by published work nine works are presented, prefaced by a Critical Summary and Review which discusses the genesis of the work and its theoretical presuppositions, and evaluates their contribution to knowledge. The work includes both sole-authored and collaborative writing. This published work adopts a social constructionist approach to knowledge in health and welfare. The first work explores critical approaches to child development and their relevance to professional practice. Subsequent work adopts a post-Wittgensteinian approach to language as practical activity, exploring how practitioners such as social workers and nurses do 'case work1 , making knowledge about people, events and situations in their talk and writing and, in doing so, enact the institutional order. An exploration of the ways in which practitioners construct their practice in reflective writing is a significant focus within several pieces of work. Attention is paid to what social actors (patients/service users and professionals) do in their interactions and communicative practices. Thus, talk and text are not treated as simple vehicles for conveying literal, factual descriptions but as the means by which moral adequacy is portrayed and authentic versions of events are established. These analyses draw inspiration from a variety of sources including micro sociology, discursive psychology and narrative analysis, emphasizing the practical-moral aspects of health and welfare practice in which the production of identity, for example as a caring practitioner, plays a key part. The published work has a strong practice orientation and the implications for professional education are highlighted throughout. 'Reflexive awareness' is promoted as a means by which health and welfare VIprofessionals may challenges tendencies to take practice for granted. By engaging in the processes of making the familiar strange, it is argued that better understandings of practice can be achieved and a stance of 'respectful uncertainty' deployed.

The aim of this study is to gain a greater understanding of how companies use the social media platform Instagram to represent and promote a place. More precisely, it is of interest to analyze the media production of luxury tourism and how communication tools are applied in order to affect the consumers’ perceptions and increase tourism. In this study we examine the city Dubai’s official tourism account Visit Dubai on Instagram. We focus our research on how the social actors are represented in both image and text, but also the environments in which they are located. In order to investigate how the marketing company Visit Dubai uses semiotic tools to portray its city as a luxury city, we apply a multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA). The theoretical framework is therefore based on research regarding social semiotics and place branding. To achieve the aim of the study, the following questions are formulated: In what ways are social actors and the environments in which they are visually represented? In what ways are social actors and the environments they are placed represented linguistically? In what ways are visual and linguistic resources combined to create performances of Dubai as a tourist destination in the material? What discourses are articulated in Visit Dubai´s material and which relevant discourses are excluded? The result of the analysis shows that all 18 images examined can be related to either luxury, power or status. It is clear that Visit Dubai via their Instagram account, encourages and reinforces the need to achieve high social status, financial status and also to promote luxury consumption.

The aim of this study is to analyze the functional beverage NOCCO’s Instagram account. The purpose is to expose how they use discourses of health and fitness in their marketing. In particular we analyze the social actors in the pictures. The theories in this study is based on a social semiotic theory of communication and an assumption that we live in The new public health era. The method applied is a qualitative multimodal critical discourse analysis (MCDA). The study examines how the social actors are used for marketing purposes, how they are represented in the pictures and in which settings they are placed in. The results shows that NOCCO uses discourses of health and exercise in their marketing on Instagram. NOCCO appears as a healthy product due to its association with exercise and fit social actors.

This study investigates Discourses of language use (Gee, 2005) in a community of artists and artistic promoters associated with the Centre culturel Aberdeen in Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada. Members of this network are described as Acadian social actors, those who have cultural and linguistic capital, thus the potential capacity to influence Discourses of language use circulating in Acadian society, through language use accompanying their art and artistic promotion (Bourdieu, 2001; Heller, 2003; Heller & Labrie, 2004). This study specifically explores this group’s discursive constructions of their roles within social spaces (Lefebvre, 1991) in which they participate as artists, beginning with the Centre Aberdeen itself, expanding to Greater Moncton, Acadie, Canada, and finally, to the international space of la francophonie. Their discourse shows these roles to be highly dependent on the linguistic marketplace associated with each space. The findings indicate that in the space of the Centre culturel Aberdeen, formerly conceived of as a minority language space, French remains the dominant language of practice; however, many participants affirm that the use of other languages in the Centre is not censured. Some participants even refer to Aberdeen as a bilingual space. In the social space of Greater Moncton, the discourse of bilingual participants demonstrates their inner conflict between using French in their art to affirm their Acadian identity and using English in order to have a greater audience. In Acadie, the participants’ discourse focuses principally on how to represent regional varieties of French in writing, including Chiac, the variety of French local to Southeastern New Brunswick. In the space of Acadie and beyond, participants speak to the need for a normative register of French in extra-regional communications. In the national Francophone social space, participants express their frustration at lack of exposure and the essentialization of their identity in Canada’s Francophone media. In speaking of la francophonie, participants again insist on the necessity of a standard form of French for global communication, while affirming that they also assert their cultural distinctiveness in their art with regional expressions. These findings are in line with elements of Heller and Labrie’s (2004) post-nationalist discours mondialisant. / text

O presente trabalho está inserido nas pesquisas sobre linguagem no contexto jurídico, e busca responder às seguintes questões: como os atores sociais beneficiários de cotas para ingresso nas universidades públicas são representados em um conjunto de textos, produzidos pelo Poder Público Brasileiro, acerca do próprio sistema de cotas? E como o Sistema da Transitividade demonstra quem são as forças ativas e as forças passivas da questão das cotas? Para isso, buscou-se um corpus heterogêneo composto pelo voto do Ministro Ricardo Lewandowsky na ADPF168, que decidiu a polêmica das cotas, bem como os textos que apresentam relações de intertextualidade com o julgamento, sejam eles anteriores ao voto, como, a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, em especial o artigo 5, caput e inciso I, e a Lei do Estado do Rio de Janeiro n 4151 de 2003; ou posteriores, como a Lei 12.711 de 29 de agosto de 2012, que veio em resposta ao texto do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A pesquisa tem natureza qualitativa interpretativa, insere-se no ramo da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, em especial na Representação dos Atores Sociais de van Leuween (1996) e no Sistema de Transitividade proposto por Halliday (2004) / This work is included in the area of research on language in the legal context , and aims to answer the following questions : how are social actors, who are beneficiaries of affirmative action for admission into public universities, represented in a set of texts , produced by the Brazilian Government, about the quota system itself ? And how does theTransitivity system (from Systemic-functional linguistics) show who are the active and passive forces in the issue of affirmative action in public universities ? To asnswer these questions, a heterogeneous corpus was compiled, mainly made up of the vote of Minister Ricardo Lewandowsky , who decided the controversy of quotas , and texts that bear intertextual relations with the trial text , whether they were produced before the vote, as the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 , in particular Article 5th , heading and paragraph I , and the Law of the State of Rio de Janeiro No. 4151 , 2003 , or later as Law 12,711 of August 29, 2012 , which came in response to the text issued by the Federal Supreme Court . The nature of the research is interpretive qualitative, and its theoretical foundations are found in Systemic-Functional Linguistics and in the theoretical framework for the study of the Representation of Social Actors by van Leeuwen (1996). Within Systemic-Functional Linguistics proper, the analytical categories are those from the Transitivity System, by Halliday (2004)

Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-06T12:49:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRK.pdf: 13238818 bytes, checksum: e1be73ba85e0d4f0306e7099248d7278 (MD5) / Rejected by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br), reason: O departamento correto é Departamento de Desenvolvimento Rural(DDR-Ar) on 2016-09-06T13:13:47Z (GMT) / Submitted by Izabel Franco (izabel-franco@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-09T17:48:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRK.pdf: 13238818 bytes, checksum: e1be73ba85e0d4f0306e7099248d7278 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T18:07:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRK.pdf: 13238818 bytes, checksum: e1be73ba85e0d4f0306e7099248d7278 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-14T18:07:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRK.pdf: 13238818 bytes, checksum: e1be73ba85e0d4f0306e7099248d7278 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-14T18:13:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRK.pdf: 13238818 bytes, checksum: e1be73ba85e0d4f0306e7099248d7278 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This dissertation submits a socio-environmental diagnostic of fisher s traditional community from Superagui, located in Superagui National Park, northern coast so Paraná. It was highlighted through theoretical searching the environmental impacts caused by anthropic activities related to both biotic and abiotic resources extracting, disorganized occupation over coastal and marine zones. It was utilized participative methodologies, qualitative and quantitative semi-structured questionnaires as well as direct observation and informal reports on field research. The results obtained from this research reveals internal reports on field research. The results obtained from this research reveals internal conflicts around the group researched as a result of individualist behaviors, lack of engagement and cooperativism. All these factors obstruct the group organization of seeking the group researched as a result of individualist behaviors, lack of engagement and cooperatives’. All these factors obstruct group organization among the legal institutions responsible for the mosaic of conservation areas over Parana coastline. At the end of this research it is advocated that the Agroecology and organic production national project ( PLONAPO), with its directives, targets and objectives perfect fit in the current configurations of this territory which may be incorporated by the legal institution as a federal legislation, offering a new rural and local development model to the social actors. The results obtained prove the hypothesis there is a lack of integration of the legal institutions and internal group disputes where the social actors are unable to organize themselves and seek for collective actions. The lack of engagement and organization to the claiming for their territory was evidenced. These internal and external pressures are hidden due to the fishing decreasing on the expectation of the management plan implementation and the search for other activities which could generate tourism income. / A dissertação apresenta um diagnóstico socioambiental da comunidade de pescadores tradicionais da Barra do Superagui, inserida no Parque Nacional do Superagüi, Litoral Norte do Paraná. Buscou-se enfatizar na revisão de estudos teóricos, os impactos Ambientais causados por ações antrópicas de extração dos recursos bióticos e abióticos, ocupação desordenada nas zonas costeiras e marinhas. Na pesquisa de campo, utilizou metodologias participativas, questionários Semiestruturados qualitativos e quantitativos, assim como a observação direta e relatos informais. Os resultados obtidos nessa pesquisa evidenciam conflitos interno no grupo em estudo, decorrentes do comportamento individualista, falta de engajamento e cooperativismo. Esses fatores impedem a organização do grupo na busca de reivindicar os direitos de seu território, assim como a falta de integração entre as instituições responsáveis pelo mosaico de unidades de conservação do litoral do Paraná. Ao fim defende-se que o Plano nacional de Agroecologia e produção orgânica- PLANAPO, com suas diretrizes, metas e objetivos se encaixa perfeitamente nas configurações atuais desse território, podendo ser incorporado pelas instituições responsáveis por ser uma legislação Federal, propondo um novo modelo de desenvolvimento rural e local para os atores. Os resultados obtidos comprovam a hipótese, que existe falta de integração das instituições responsáveis, e disputas internas no grupo, onde os sujeitos não conseguem se organizar e buscar ações coletivas. A falta de engajamento e organização para reivindicação de seus direitos e de seu território foi constatado. Essas pressões internas e externas estão mais latentes, devido à diminuição dos pescados, a espera da implantação do plano de manejo e a busca de outras atividades que gerem renda como o turismo.

O presente trabalho está inserido nas pesquisas sobre linguagem no contexto jurídico, e busca responder às seguintes questões: como os atores sociais beneficiários de cotas para ingresso nas universidades públicas são representados em um conjunto de textos, produzidos pelo Poder Público Brasileiro, acerca do próprio sistema de cotas? E como o Sistema da Transitividade demonstra quem são as forças ativas e as forças passivas da questão das cotas? Para isso, buscou-se um corpus heterogêneo composto pelo voto do Ministro Ricardo Lewandowsky na ADPF168, que decidiu a polêmica das cotas, bem como os textos que apresentam relações de intertextualidade com o julgamento, sejam eles anteriores ao voto, como, a Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, em especial o artigo 5, caput e inciso I, e a Lei do Estado do Rio de Janeiro n 4151 de 2003; ou posteriores, como a Lei 12.711 de 29 de agosto de 2012, que veio em resposta ao texto do Supremo Tribunal Federal. A pesquisa tem natureza qualitativa interpretativa, insere-se no ramo da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional, em especial na Representação dos Atores Sociais de van Leuween (1996) e no Sistema de Transitividade proposto por Halliday (2004) / This work is included in the area of research on language in the legal context , and aims to answer the following questions : how are social actors, who are beneficiaries of affirmative action for admission into public universities, represented in a set of texts , produced by the Brazilian Government, about the quota system itself ? And how does theTransitivity system (from Systemic-functional linguistics) show who are the active and passive forces in the issue of affirmative action in public universities ? To asnswer these questions, a heterogeneous corpus was compiled, mainly made up of the vote of Minister Ricardo Lewandowsky , who decided the controversy of quotas , and texts that bear intertextual relations with the trial text , whether they were produced before the vote, as the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil of 1988 , in particular Article 5th , heading and paragraph I , and the Law of the State of Rio de Janeiro No. 4151 , 2003 , or later as Law 12,711 of August 29, 2012 , which came in response to the text issued by the Federal Supreme Court . The nature of the research is interpretive qualitative, and its theoretical foundations are found in Systemic-Functional Linguistics and in the theoretical framework for the study of the Representation of Social Actors by van Leeuwen (1996). Within Systemic-Functional Linguistics proper, the analytical categories are those from the Transitivity System, by Halliday (2004)

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Este estudo analisa os conflitos surgidos entre grupos de pescadores do municÃpio de IcapuÃ, no litoral leste do CearÃ, que sobrevive tradicionalmente da pesca da lagosta. Esses conflitos tÃm se manifestado na forma de intimidaÃÃes, agressÃes e confrontos violentos entre pescadores do local que disputam os recursos pesqueiros de um mesmo territÃrio de pesca, gerando prejuÃzos financeiros e atà mesmo mortes. Esta pesquisa possui como objetivos especÃficos o resgate histÃrico da trajetÃria da pesca no municÃpio desde o inÃcio dos conflitos, identificando suas causas; dando voz aos pescadores envolvidos atravÃs de seus relatos, alÃm de descrever e analisar os principais atores sociais envolvidos nessas questÃes a fim de compreender as questÃes socioeconÃmicas, ambientais e culturais que permeiam esses conflitos. Para tanto, esta pesquisa adotou o mÃtodo HistÃria de Vida, amplamente empregado nas ciÃncias sociais, alÃm de outros dois mÃtodos frequentemente utilizados em anÃlise de conflitos: Tipologia de Conflitos da Pesca e AnÃlise dos Atores Sociais. A anÃlise dos conflitos proposta pela pesquisa fez uso de dados primÃrios coletados atravÃs de um conjunto de tÃcnicas: levantamentos bibliogrÃficos; âmÃtodo bola de neveâ; entrevistas dos tipos informal, estruturada e semiestruturada; e grupo focal. A pesquisa realizou um total de 23 entrevistas, abrangendo pescadores, representantes de ÃrgÃos pÃblicos, associaÃÃes de classe (moradores) e repÃrteres que realizaram coberturas sobre os episÃdios de conflitos no municÃpio. TraÃou-se um breve histÃrico dos conflitos da pesca da lagosta no Cearà e IcapuÃ, dos anos cinquenta (inÃcio da exploraÃÃo do crustÃceo no municÃpio) atà os dias atuais, com a finalidade de identificar as reais causas desses embates e classificÃ-los, seguindo tipologias sugeridas na literatura. Os resultados mostraram que os principais atores sociais sÃo as comunidades de Redonda e Barrinha (dentre as dezessete existentes no municÃpio), o IBAMA e a Capitania dos Portos (ÃrgÃos pÃblicos responsÃveis pela fiscalizaÃÃo da pesca) e o MinistÃrio da Pesca e Aquicultura (responsÃvel pelas licenÃas e registros que legalizam a atividade pesqueira). As principais causas dos conflitos estÃo relacionadas com a persistÃncia de um grupo de pescadores em usar e multiplicar as artes de pesca predatÃrias. Esse comportamento tem provocado reaÃÃo por parte de pescadores que defendem a pesca responsÃvel, os quais tÃm adotado como estratÃgia de repressÃo a fiscalizaÃÃo feita pelos prÃprios pescadores, resultando na apreensÃo e queima de embarcaÃÃes. Essa situaÃÃo à agravada pelas falhas na fiscalizaÃÃo oficial e ausÃncia de polÃticas pÃblicas efetivas para o setor da pesca. / This study aims to analyze the disputes between groups of fishermen of Icapui municipality on the east coast of Cearà who carries on traditionally lobster fishing for their subsistence. These conflicts have manifested themselves in the form of intimidation, assaults and violent clashes between local fishermen who compete for the same fishery resources and fishing bank, causing financial damage and even death among them. This research has the following objectives a historical trajectory of fishing in the city since the beginning of the conflict, identifying their causes, giving voice to the fishermen involved through their stories, besides describing and analyzing the main social actors in order to understand the socioeconomic issues, environmental and cultural factors that underlie these conflicts. Therefore, this study applied the Life History method, widely used in social sciences, and two methods often used in conflict analysis: Typology of Fishery Conflict and Analysis of Social Actors. The analysis of conflict proposed by this research used primary data collected through a set of techniques: bibliographic review; "snowball method"; informal, semi-structured and structured interviews; and focus group. The research did a total of 23 interviews, involving fishermen, representatives of public agencies, civil associations (residents) and reporters who had covered the conflict episodes in the city. A brief history of lobster fishing conflicts of Cearà and Icapui was done, since the fifties (early exploration of the crustacean in the city) until the present day, in order to identify the real causes of these conflicts and classify them according typology suggested in the literature. The results showed that the main social actors are the communities of Redonda and Barrinha (among seventeen existing in the municipality), IBAMA and the Port Authority (public agencies responsible for fishery law enforcement) and the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquaculture (responsible for licensing and records that legalize the fishing activity). The main causes of conflicts are related to the persistence of a fishermen group in using and multiplying the artifacts of predatory fishing. This behavior has provoked reaction from fishermen who support responsible fisheries and have adopted the strategy of law enforcement done by their own, resulting in seizing and burning boats. This situation is exacerbated by failures in the official inspection and absence of effective public policies for the fishery sector.