Qualidade de vida é um tema complexo e tem sido estudado pelas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. O tema qualidade de vida envolve questões multidisciplinares apresentadas por meio de perspectivas diferenciadas, de acordo com a relevância do momento histórico, das condições sociais, bem como da ideologia dominante a partir dos objetivos propostos. No presente estudo, a qualidade de vida foi analisada nos territórios de Barueri e Osasco, por meio da satisfação das necessidades consideradas básicas, que visam garantir à população o pleno desenvolvimento físico, mental e social. A partir da caracterização da qualidade de vida urbana, tentou-se identificar modelos para interpretação/identificação de morfologia urbana. Para isso, foram adotados critérios baseados nos modelos clássicos de morfologia urbana, para se chegar ao resultado apresentado no fim da pesquisa. Além disso, foi utilizada a cidade de Estrasburgo na França para se fazer um contraponto entre as cidades brasileiras e a europeia, com relação à qualidade de vida e os critérios de análise. / The quality of urban life has been studied in many areas of academic specialization and is a complex theme. The subject\'s quality of life involves multi-disciplinary questions presented with different perspectives, according to the relevance of the historical moment, social conditions, as well as the dominant ideology shaping the objectives in question. In the present study the approach adopted is focused on the satisfaction of the basics needs of the population, in order to guarantee complete physical, mental and social development. The characterization of quality of urban life will be created some models for identification and interpretation of urban morphology. For this, it was adopted criterias based in the classic models of urban morphology to reach in the result presented in the end of the research. Beside this, it was used Strasbourg in France to make a counterpoint between the Brazilian cities and the European one in terms of quality of life and the analysis criterias.

As origens da pujança econômica e da diversidade social e cultural de São Paulo são temas estudados por historiadores e economistas. Nesta tese, propõe-se um estudo da riqueza de Campinas durante a economia cafeeira, de 1870 a 1940, recorte temporal este que inicia com o auge da cafeicultura, chegando até aos primeiros desenvolvimentos de uma economia industrial e urbana. A excepcional expansão das exportações de café e a imigração de europeus, de meados do século XIX em diante, estimularam a diversidade dos mercados de trabalho e de consumo locais e tornou possível aos indivíduos comuns ascenderem socialmente em uma hierarquia dominada pela elite cafeeira. A principal fonte documental utilizada foi uma série de inventários post mortem, dos quais sistematizamos as informações pessoais dos inventariados e as propriedades declaradas e orçadas nas suas partilhas. Analisou-se, primeiramente, as origens nacionais e as ocupações econômicas dos inventariados. Na sequência, considerou-se o conjunto das riquezas líquidas dos processos e a composição das propriedades de cada indivíduo. Os dados demonstram ter havido uma extrema desigualdade na distribuição da riqueza em Campinas. Todavia, também encontramos casos de mobilidade ascendente, especialmente entre os imigrantes italianos, que foram maioria no conjunto das colônias estrangeiras do período. / The origins of São Paulos economic vigour and social diversity are topics broadly studied by historians and economists. In this thesis, we investigate the wealth accumulation in Campinas during the coffee economy from 1870 to 1940 a period that begins with the zenith of the coffee production, stretching itself to the first glimpses of a more industrial economy. The leading source used is a sample of post-mortem inventories, from which we codified the inventoried personal data and their declared and budgeted properties listed in their apportionments. The national origins and the economic occupations of the inventoried were primarily analysed. Further, the amount of net wealth of the processes and the composition of the properties of each individual were considered. The data suggest there had been an extreme inequality in the distribution of such wealth. Nevertheless, we found several cases of ascending mobility, especially amongst the Italian immigrants, who represented the majority among the immigrant families in the period.

Orientador: Tirza Aidar / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T18:36:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simomura_VivianeLazari_M.pdf: 1530657 bytes, checksum: 6865a98a18aa2bdd0d5b8d5147a4dcc5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O reconhecimento e análise das desigualdades em saúde são fundamentais para compreender o complexo processo saúde, doença, cuidado e morte; para a qualificação das informações em saúde e, consequentemente, o suporte de políticas públicas e intervenções sanitárias em busca de equidade. Embora muitos trabalhos se dediquem a compreender como as desigualdades sociais afetam as condições de saúde e mortalidade da população, na literatura brasileira ainda são escassos estudos desenhados especificamente para a população idosa. Este trabalho busca contribuir para a temática, avaliando diferenciais nos níveis e padrões epidemiológicos da mortalidade da população adulta e idosa no contexto da Região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC): de alto desenvolvimento econômico e ampla oferta de serviços de saúde - de baixa, média e alta complexidade -, por um lado, mas, por outro lado, de fortes desigualdades sociais. São três as principais perguntas que nortearam a pesquisa: (1) Os diferenciais em favor da menor mortalidade de grupos populacionais que vivem em melhores condições, já amplamente identificada na literatura para a saúde materno infantil e juvenil, se mantêm nas idades adultas e mais avançadas? (2) Caso positivo, tais diferenciais independem das causas de óbito? (3) Há indícios de efeito de sobrevivência refletido na diminuição dos diferenciais nas idades mais avançadas? Para tanto, foram analisadas estimativas de taxas de mortalidade da população com 45 anos e mais, por sexo, grupos etários e principais causas de morte na RMC, no período de 2003 e 2004. Os dados analisados são do sistema de registros de óbitos, georeferenciados segundo local de residência, considerando quatro áreas diferenciadas segundo indicadores de vulnerabilidade social. Os resultados indicam que, para a população de 45 a 59 e de 60 a 69 anos, as áreas mais nobres e consolidadas da RMC apresentam taxas de mortalidade sempre bem abaixo das demais, independente do sexo e, com raríssimas exceções, dos grandes e principais grupos de causas analisados. Intervalos de confiança calculados para razões entre as taxas mostram que os diferenciais são estatisticamente significativos para a mortalidade em geral e que estes diferenciais diminuem nas idades mais avançadas (de 70 a 79 e 80 anos ou mais), indicando a existência de viés de sobrevivência / Abstract: The recognition and analysis of the inequalities in health are important to understand the complex health, disease, care and death process for the qualification of the information in health and, consequently, the support of public policies and sanitary interventions in the search for equity. Although many studies are dedicated to the understanding of how the social inequalities affect the health and mortality conditions of the population, in Brazilian literature studies designed specifically for old population are still scarce. This paper seeks to contribute for the subject, evaluating differentials in the epidemiological levels and patterns of the adult and elder population's mortality in the context of the Campinas Metropolitan Region (CMR): of high economic development and a wide delivery of health services - of low, medium and high complexity, on the one hand, but of high social inequalities on the other. Three main questions guided the research: (1) Do the differentials in favor of the lower death rate of population groups that live in better conditions, already broadly identified in the maternal child and juvenile health literature continue in the adult and older ages? (2) If the answer is yes, are these differentials independent from death causes? (3) Is there evidence of survival effect reflected on the reduction of the differentials in older ages? For this reason, estimates of mortality rates of the population 45 years or more, by gender, age groups and the main death causes in the CMR, in 2003 and 2004 were analyzed. The data analyzed are from the death register system, georeferenced according to the address, considering four differentiated areas according to social vulnerability. The results indicate that, for the population of 45 to 59 and 60 to 69 years, the noblest consolidated areas of the CMR present mortality rates always much lower than the others, regardless of gender and, with very rare exceptions, from the large and main groups of analyzed causes. Confidence intervals calculated for ratio among the rates show that the differentials is statistically significant, and that these differentials are reduced, in the more advanced ages (from 70 to 79 and 80 years or more), indicating the existence of survival bias / Mestrado / Demografia / Mestra em Demografia

[pt] Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar a problemática da desigualdade educacional à luz das percepções de jovens estudantes do ensino médio das redes pública e privada da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, participantes da pesquisa Juventude, Cidadania e Cultura Cívica, sobre temas como a educação, a escola e o mercado de trabalho. O desenvolvimento desta análise partiu do princípio de que a educação pública no Brasil concorre para a reprodução das desigualdades educacionais e, por conseguinte, das desigualdades sociais, pois não prima pela atenuação das influências da origem familiar sobre o desempenho escolar, o que resulta na desigualdade de oportunidades entre os indivíduos. A análise das percepções dos jovens permite afirmar que estão conscientes das desigualdades que permeiam o sistema escolar nacional e reconhecem que as oportunidades de acesso ao ensino superior e ao mercado de trabalho são diferenciadas. / [en] This dissertation has the objective to analyze the problematic of the education inequality by the perceptions of young students of the city of Rio de Janeiro, participants of the inquiry Youth, Citizenship and Civic Culture , on subjects like the education, the school and the labor. This analysis understands that the public education in Brazil contributes to the reproduction of the education inequalities and, consequently, of the social inequalities, since it does not work for the reduction of the influences of the familiar origin on the school performance, which turns in the inequality of opportunities between the individuals. The analysis of the perceptions of the young students allows this work to affirm what they are conscious of the inequalities that permeate the school national system and recognize that the opportunities of access to the university and to the labor market are differentiated.

When hurricane Gudrun occurred in 2005, the Swedish crisis management system was put on its head. New political reforms together with the aftermath of the tsunami in Southeast Asia challenged the professional actors during the crisis. As Sweden has been relatively spared from natural disasters, Gudrun became one of the worst crises in Swedish history. People died both directly during the storm but also later during the reconstruction phase. After the storm had passed, almost an entire annual felling of the Swedish forest had been lost, which caused enormous costs both for the forest owners but also for the electricity and telecommunications companies. Despite the fact that Sweden is often seen as a state with strong welfare with welldeveloped public assistance systems, Gudrun highlighted differences in people’s vulnerability during the disaster. Furthermore, the study intends to investigate how social capital can function as an underlying mechanism for people’s vulnerability. The study also leads to a critical discussion about the Swedish crisis management system and people’s trust in government officials. Through a qualitative content analysis, the study will examine inequalities in social capital can generate different access to resources. The crucial conclusion of the study is that people’s vulnerability during Gudrun was partly conditioned by individuals network positions and social capital, and that great emphasis had been placed on institutions ability to manage the disaster, which reduced the risk perception and people’s ability to activate their own social networks.

The thesis focuses on the patterns of nonmarital childbearing and its influence on the health of newborns in the Czech Republic between 1990 and 2010. Numerous and profound social changes took part in these two decades after the fall of state socialism. Socioeconomic inequalities grew, a competitive job market was introduced and social policy was reformed. Family behaviour changed, as well. A more than four-fold rise of the proportion of children born outside marriage was among the most remarkable changes in this regard. Two research questions were addressed: 1. how did unmarried motherhood and its socioeconomic background change; 2. how did these changes influence disparities in the health of newborns by family arrangement. Data from the birth register are used for answering these questions and analysed with multilevel regression models. The method was aimed at explaining variability between contexts defined by time and space. Health of newborns is measured by birth weight. Family arrangement of mothers is measured with their marital status. Unmarried mothers are further split by the presence of a partner measured with the mother's willingness to declare child's father. The results show that birth outcomes on nonmarital children improved and marital status gap in birth weight closed substantially in the...

In his dissertation thesis, the author elaborates on a new position from which both information society theory and digital divide research could be analyzed as active participants in a large-scale societal reconstruction. The text begins with the reconstruction of the argumentation core of information society theories, which is then utilized when choosing their latest, most respected, and most elaborated version. In the following chapter, the author presents the composition of Manuel Castells' information society theory and its tight relationship with the digital divide issue. In the final parts of this chapter, the author reveals the key position of the digital divide issue in solving the contradictions and negative aspects of informatization. The chapter is concluded by finding out the absence of the link between digital divide and information society theory in the preceding criticism of Castells' work. In the fourth part, the development, arguments, and empirical evidence of the digital divide research are presented, followed by identification of the limits of contemporary academic digital divide discourse. In the sixth chapter, the author tries to overcome these limits by proposing a new empirical evidence better fitting model of the digital divide. The thesis is concluded by thinking over the...

Neoliberalism’s free market ideology has not only achieved hegemonic status as the dominant organizing principle of markets and economies the world over, its values and doctrines have also come to shape many other areas of contemporary life. The consequences of this takeover include rising inequality, a social policy shift away from welfare and toward personal responsibility, and the triumph of the economic rationale of profitability in the public sector as well as the private sphere. A growing body of research has studied the ramifications of individual facets of the neoliberal order, especially the expanding gap between the rich and poor, but to date, a more comprehensive understanding of how the underlying ideology molds societies is largely absent from the social psychological literature. This doctoral thesis seeks to take a first step toward closing this gap by identifying and investigating three key areas of interest in the context of neoliberalism’s influence on individual and collective life. Based on previous research and theorizing, it puts forward the idea that the neoliberal reorganization of societies along the principles of individualism, competition, materialism, and privatization has a profound impact on intergroup relations, social connection, and individual well-being. The studies presented here provide evidence that neoliberal ideology and policies erode social cohesion (Manuscript 2) and make people feel lonely and isolated (Manuscript 3). Confirming the importance of social factors in determining health outcomes, these developments are then shown to increase feelings of threat, hopelessness, and unhappiness (Manuscript 2) as well as reduce mental and physical well-being (Manuscript 3). Beyond the individual level, intergroup attitudes, especially with regard to socio-economic status groups, are of particular interest to this research. Its findings demonstrate that despite neoliberalism’s propagation of wealth and success as ultimate aspirations, the perceived breakdown of the social fabric and resulting discontent with neoliberal societies lead to negative perceptions of the elite who are seen as corrupt and immoral (Manuscript 2). They also provide support for the assumption that the belief in merit-based inequality, which is central to the neoliberal doctrine, is reflected in representations of individuals with lower socio-economic status who are assigned personal responsibility for their disadvantaged position and, unlike other underprivileged groups, are seen as lacking in moral deservingness by both conservatives and progressives (Manuscript 1). As a whole, the studies that constitute this thesis project bring together several different lines of research and make headway in developing an integrated perspective on the influence of neoliberal ideology on societies and the experiences and attitudes of the individuals within them.

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The burden of dental disease in American has been termed a "silent epidemic," affecting the most vulnerable populations in society. Poor oral health has been linked with general health issues, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, as well as decreased mental health and impairments in social functioning. This burden weighs particularly heavy on the homeless, who are not only denied access to private systems of care, but are further rejected by an inadequately supported public safety net. Despite the recognition of social inequalities and the call for further scientific research, oral health care has not been extensively recognized within sociology. The aim of this research was to uncover how Central Florida's homeless adults cope with oral health issues in the face of barriers. This study intends to begin closing the gap by exploring the ways in which structural inequalities are embodied in the teeth of the homeless. Twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with homeless individuals in the Central Florida area in regards to their oral health and coping mechanisms. Results indicate that without conventional access to dental care, homeless are forced to rely on emergency departments, alcohol, illegal drugs, home remedies, and over-the-counter medications. When treatment was received, only emergency services were provided. This led to an extraction-denture treatment model which left many homeless individuals edentulous, with continued complications in their ability to eat, work, and talk.