<p>The internet itself is continuously changing. Since it was widely introduced, the users’ main focus has shifted from a communication tool, to a huge file sharing pool, to a marketing tool, to an information gathering and information reproducing tool.</p><p>Nowadays the way of sharing files needs to be reconsidered, because more and more private information is shared over the internet. The common file sharing applications are no longer appropriate for today’s purposes. Also the common way of socializing people is not up to date anymore.</p><p>Sharing files already implies a communication between users. But why do we not use the given information of shared data in order to socialize them? This thesis discusses the problematic domains of sharing images and socializing and introduces a tool named Picnic that has been conceived and implemented in order to overcome those problems.</p>

The internet itself is continuously changing. Since it was widely introduced, the users’ main focus has shifted from a communication tool, to a huge file sharing pool, to a marketing tool, to an information gathering and information reproducing tool. Nowadays the way of sharing files needs to be reconsidered, because more and more private information is shared over the internet. The common file sharing applications are no longer appropriate for today’s purposes. Also the common way of socializing people is not up to date anymore. Sharing files already implies a communication between users. But why do we not use the given information of shared data in order to socialize them? This thesis discusses the problematic domains of sharing images and socializing and introduces a tool named Picnic that has been conceived and implemented in order to overcome those problems.

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Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa desenvolvida com o apoio da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, intitulada A família operária no bairro Ferrazópolis: um estudo sobre socialização política. O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma análise dos processos de transmissão intergeracional no interior de famílias da classe trabalhadora, para tanto foram analisados os modos e modalidades de socialização colocados em prática por famílias de trabalhadores em um bairro construído por operários que vivenciou diversas transformações ao longo das últimas décadas, chegando a perder a característica de bairro de operários, passando a ser um bairro pobre, na periferia de São Bernardo do Campo, o que influenciou profundamente o modo de viver dos moradores desse lugar. Essa pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de uma metodologia qualitativa, pautada principalmente na realização e análise de entrevistas e também, de pesquisa de campo com observações diretas e por vezes participativas na rotina do bairro e na rotina de famílias selecionadas para serem entrevistadas. As entrevistas, por sua vez, foram realizadas com pais e filhos, com moradores antigos do bairro, lideranças políticas, comunitárias e religiosas. / This work is the result of a survey carried out with the support of Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) entitled \"The working class family in the neighborhood Ferrazópolis: a study of political socialization.\" The main objective of this research was to analyze the processes of intergenerational transmission intergenerational families within the working class and, were analyzed for both the modes and modalities of socialization put into practice by working families in a neigghborhoof built by workers who experienced several transformations over the past decades, reaching lose the characteristic neighborhood of workers, becoming a slum, in the periphery of São Bernardo do Campo, which profoundly influenced the way of life of the residents of this place. This research was developed from a qualitative methodology, based mainly on the realization and analysis of interviews and also field research with observations and sometimes participatory neighborhood in routine and routine households selected to be interviewed. The interviews, in turn, were conducted with parents and children, with older residents of the neighborhood, political leaders, community and faith.

A instituição familiar apresenta diferentes arranjos de acordo com o contexto social e o momento histórico. As mudanças na composição familiar e em suas relações internas decorreram de vários fatores, inclusive da ação do Estado, que se manifesta, por exemplo, na decisão sobre a guarda dos filhos após a separação. O poder judiciário vem privilegiando a guarda unilateral, concedida na maioria das vezes às mães, mas que passa por transformações, quando é concedida ao pai. Esta pesquisa teve como propósito analisar as formas de organização e convivência em famílias patrifocais de baixa renda, nas quais o pai, separado/divorciado da companheira/esposa e sem a presença dela, mora com o(s) filho(s) que teve com ela e é responsável pela paternagem, isto é, pelos cuidados, e também pela socialização dele(s). Procurou-se investigar o modo de relacionamento do pai com o(s) filho(s), como exerce a paternagem, organiza as tarefas domésticas e as concilia com suas atividades ocupacionais e com sua vida pessoal e afetiva. A coleta de dados foi feita mediante entrevistas com roteiro semi-estruturado gravadas e transcritas na íntegra, com sete pais que moram com filho(s) sem a presença das mães. Para a seleção dos entrevistados utilizou-se a rede de relações pessoais da pesquisadora e foram adotados todos os procedimentos éticos necessários. Após a transcrição das entrevistas, foi realizada a análise dos dados coletados. Dentre os principais resultados, pode-se citar que os pais entrevistados relataram que acreditavam estar em melhores condições de cuidar dos filhos do que as mães, por isso permaneceram com eles após o término do relacionamento conjugal. Alguns solicitaram a guarda junto ao poder judiciário, outros não utilizaram o aparato estatal. Nas famílias patrifocais, há participação das mulheres da parentela e das filhas mais velhas nos cuidados com as crianças. No entanto, o presente estudo encontrou a presença ativa dos pais nos cuidados com os filhos e nos demais afazeres domésticos, concluindo-se que a ausência das mães na casa impõe aos pais maior participação na vida doméstica, alterando a identidade e a subjetividade do homem/pai. / The family institution has different arrangements according to the social context and the historical moment. Changes in family composition and in its internal relations were induced by many factors, including the Government action, which manifests itself, for example, in the decision on the custody of children after the separation. The judicial system has been favoring unilateral custody, granted mostly to mothers, but that goes through transformations, when is granted to the father. This study aims to inquire the forms of organization and living in lowincome patrifocal families, in which the father, separated/divorced of wife and without her company, lives with the child he had with her and is responsible for care and his socializing. Seeks to investigate the relationship of the father with the child, such as holding the care, arrange household tasks and reconciles with his occupational activities and with his personal and affective life. Data collection was done through interviews with screenplay semistructured recorded and transcribed in their entirety, with seven fathers who live with children without the presence of the mothers. For the identification of the subjects used the network of researchers personal relationships and have been adopted all necessary ethical procedures. After the transcription of interviews, have been done analysis of the data collected. Among the main results, one can mention the fathers interviewed reported that they believed to be skilful to take care children than the mothers, so they stayed with the children after the end of the conjugal relationship. Some asked the custody at the judicial system and other fathers did not. In patrifocal families, there is involvement of women of the extended family and the oldest daughters in child-care. However, this study finds the active presence of fathers in child-care and others domestic tasks, concluding that the absence of mothers in the house imposes on fathers greater involvement in domestic life, changing the identity and subjectivity of man/father.

English education in Sweden tends to be viewed as a second language, rather than a foreign language. Therefore, it is generally expected that instruction is performed, and content is taught in English. However, previous research shows that English is generally not the sole language used, even in classrooms with explicit “English only” policies. The following essay has investigated how this translates into classroom practice through observations of classroom interactions between students and teachers, as well as between students and students. Three different teachers were observed at two upper secondary schools. Shorter interviews were also conducted with the teachers. The results showed large differences between observations, but some clear trends were observed nonetheless. Socializing and metalanguage were more prevalent than other code-switches among students, while floor-holding was very rare and in most observations, non-existent. All teachers claimed to use English as much as possible although they also recognized the utility of using Swedish as a tool in the classroom. The view that English should be used as the language of instruction to a great extent was additionally observed in teacher interviews. However, there were no categorical opinions arguing for “English only”. The teachers also largely concurred with the use of Swedish, or other first languages as a language of comparison. This was supported by observations in the classrooms and significant differences existed between teachers. An investigation with a larger cohort in this field could be fruitful for future researchers. The results of the study could be used to further examine strategies to find a balance in the classroom between English and Swedish. The differences between classrooms show that there is no clear consensus on the extent of Swedish use in the EFL classroom. In order to improve teaching it is important to know why students use code-switching and in what situations it might be helpful to them, such as in translation or grammatical rules. However, different classrooms may require different approaches, which highlight the importance of discussing these issues.

Incoming first year students have varying expectations for their college experience. As Florida public education budgets are more closely aligned with student persistence and graduation rates, it is vital institutions retain more first time in college students. The purpose of this study was to better understand how first year student college expectations on academic preparation, co-curricular involvement, socializing, and institutional commitment relate to persistence into the second year of college at one of Florida’s large, preeminent public research universities. This quantitative study utilized the Beginning College Survey of Student Engagement (BCSSE) in order to better understand incoming student expectations. The study sample consisted of 3,723 first time in college students and was collected during orientation for the summer and fall 2015 cohort. Tinto’s Model of Student Departure (1975b), which served as the theoretical framework, states a student’s individual characteristics he/she possess when starting college influence his/her persistence as well as initial commitment to the institution and ultimately a degree. Logistic regression was used to determine the strength of the relationship between students’ expectations and persistence into the second year of college. The overall findings of this study contribute to the increased understanding of first year student expectations and help administrators understand how to best support students. The findings illustrate a statistically significant relationship between high school GPA and persistence into the second year. Expected involvement in organized campus co-curricular activities, self-perception of academic preparation, and a first year student’s commitment to the institution were not found to be statistically significant to first year student persistence into the second year. Additional key findings and their implications for practice in higher education are presented along with recommendations for future research.

Previous research has indicated that exercising with other people improves interest and engagement in physical activity (e.g., Christensen, Schmidt, Budtz-Jorgensen, & Avlund, 2006; Estabrooks & Carron, 1999). However, the degree of socializing with other people engaged in by exercisers has not been manipulated in previous studies. In the present study, the amount of socializing during exercise was manipulated in order to evaluate the effect of social connection on motivation to exercise. Two perspectives on the role of socializing in exercising were considered and discussed – Social Facilitation (Zajonc, 1965) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000). In order to test the importance of social contact during exercise, previously inactive women between the ages of 18-30 were randomly assigned to exercise for 12 sessions in one of three conditions. In the “social partner condition”, two participants exercised together and also discussed personal topics. In the “non-social partner condition”, two participants exercised together, but did not discuss personal topics. Lastly, in the “exercise alone condition”, participants exercised alone. In general, it was hypothesized that the social partner condition would lead to the greatest improvements in satisfaction of the psychological need for relatedness, subjective vitality, motivation to exercise, amount of physical activity, fitness level, affect, interest, and effort in exercise. Non-social partners were expected to experience some benefits from exercising with a partner, but not to the same extent as those in the social partner condition. Participants who exercised alone were expected to experience the fewest improvements. The partner relationships were also examined more closely, with the expectation that pairings that were more interpersonally complementary (that is, more similar on affiliation, and reciprocal on dominance) would positively affect outcomes. Further, partners were expected to become more similar in their exercise behaviour and motivation due to their repeated interactions over the course of the study. A one-month follow-up session assessed whether motivation and exercise behaviour observed at the end of the study changed or were sustained over time. The hypotheses were partially supported. Overall, exercise contributed to improved vitality, fitness, and affect, with few differences amongst the conditions. Participants in both partner conditions reported greater relatedness, or social connection, after a month of exercising together, than the exercise alone condition participants. Some interesting motivational patterns emerged at the end of the study and at a one-month follow-up, with some indication that the social partner condition most greatly benefited motivation. Interpersonal complementarity positively impacted competence, relatedness, and fitness, but surprisingly had a negative impact on vitality. Partners did not become more similar to one another over the course of the study, suggesting a lack of mutual influence. The findings are discussed within the context of Self-Determination Theory and Social Facilitation. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature that indicates that the social aspects of physical activity are essential for physical and mental wellbeing. Further research is required to evaluate how social factors can be utilized to promote greater enjoyment of and adherence to physical activity.

We found very few authors analyzing the topic of socialization and participation in sports activities of wheelchair basketball-players. Research has been performed about quantitive and qualitative data of wheelchair basketball-players, the specifications of the game, players’ possibilities of improving the skills of movement and the game itself depending on the degree of disability. The activity of wheelchair basketball has been investigated, which shows the possibilities of players and the whole team to aim for the better results, to improve the overall qualification of all players and the chances for socialization participating in wheelchair basketball activities. But the research on the disabled with lower and higher level of disability, the features of their socialization and participation in wheelchair basketball activities are not abundant. Socialization peculiarities are the possibilities to socialize according to certain life aspects: life in a family, employment, movement, physical ability and activeness. Majority of authors investigate the problems of wheelchair basketball though actual peculiarities of lower and higher level of disability of wheelchair basketball-players who have socialized in their environment are not evidently described. The aim of the paper is to determine and evaluate the singularities of socialization and participation in sports activities of wheelchair basketball-players. The following tasks are solved while attaining and implementing the aim... [to full text]

Previous research has indicated that exercising with other people improves interest and engagement in physical activity (e.g., Christensen, Schmidt, Budtz-Jorgensen, & Avlund, 2006; Estabrooks & Carron, 1999). However, the degree of socializing with other people engaged in by exercisers has not been manipulated in previous studies. In the present study, the amount of socializing during exercise was manipulated in order to evaluate the effect of social connection on motivation to exercise. Two perspectives on the role of socializing in exercising were considered and discussed – Social Facilitation (Zajonc, 1965) and Self-Determination Theory (SDT; Deci & Ryan, 2000). In order to test the importance of social contact during exercise, previously inactive women between the ages of 18-30 were randomly assigned to exercise for 12 sessions in one of three conditions. In the “social partner condition”, two participants exercised together and also discussed personal topics. In the “non-social partner condition”, two participants exercised together, but did not discuss personal topics. Lastly, in the “exercise alone condition”, participants exercised alone. In general, it was hypothesized that the social partner condition would lead to the greatest improvements in satisfaction of the psychological need for relatedness, subjective vitality, motivation to exercise, amount of physical activity, fitness level, affect, interest, and effort in exercise. Non-social partners were expected to experience some benefits from exercising with a partner, but not to the same extent as those in the social partner condition. Participants who exercised alone were expected to experience the fewest improvements. The partner relationships were also examined more closely, with the expectation that pairings that were more interpersonally complementary (that is, more similar on affiliation, and reciprocal on dominance) would positively affect outcomes. Further, partners were expected to become more similar in their exercise behaviour and motivation due to their repeated interactions over the course of the study. A one-month follow-up session assessed whether motivation and exercise behaviour observed at the end of the study changed or were sustained over time. The hypotheses were partially supported. Overall, exercise contributed to improved vitality, fitness, and affect, with few differences amongst the conditions. Participants in both partner conditions reported greater relatedness, or social connection, after a month of exercising together, than the exercise alone condition participants. Some interesting motivational patterns emerged at the end of the study and at a one-month follow-up, with some indication that the social partner condition most greatly benefited motivation. Interpersonal complementarity positively impacted competence, relatedness, and fitness, but surprisingly had a negative impact on vitality. Partners did not become more similar to one another over the course of the study, suggesting a lack of mutual influence. The findings are discussed within the context of Self-Determination Theory and Social Facilitation. These findings contribute to a growing body of literature that indicates that the social aspects of physical activity are essential for physical and mental wellbeing. Further research is required to evaluate how social factors can be utilized to promote greater enjoyment of and adherence to physical activity.