Suicide affects hundreds of thousands of people around the world each year. Despite many coordinated efforts to address this problem, in multiple domains, these numbers have risen over the last decade. The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide is a relatively recent theory that has received considerable attention and investigation. Perceived burdensomeness is one of the constructs from this theory. The belief that you are a burden on others is a robust predictor of suicidal ideation and, to a less understood extent, suicidal behavior. To my knowledge, few studies have looked at the factors that lead to perceived burdensomeness. This study was conducted to begin to address this gap in the literature. Attributional style, hopelessness, socially-prescribed perfectionism, and self-esteem were identified as potential vulnerability factors for perceived burdensomeness. One hundred twenty individuals were surveyed about these constructs and perceived burdensomeness. Participants were also asked to read three vignettes based on interviews with individuals with lived experiences related to suicide attempts. Following each vignette, participants were asked to report the level of perceived burdensomeness that they anticipated that they would feel in that situation as an additional analogue measure of perceived burdensomeness. It was found that attributional style, socially-prescribed perfectionism, and self-esteem predicted current levels of perceived burdensomeness. Self-esteem was the only variable that predicted analogue levels of perceived burdensomeness, beyond current levels of depression. This exploratory study has the potential to contribute to the literature by guiding and informing future research related to better understanding or reducing perceived burdensomeness.

This thesis aimed to investigate predictors of body image which were irrational beliefs, socially-prescribed perfectionism, social comparison, physical activity level and satisfaction with life among university students. Participants were included of 790 undergraduate students from different departments of in a large state university and sample is selected according to convenience sampling method. Multidimensional Body Self Relations Scale, Irrational Beliefs Scale-Short, Socially-Prescribed Perfectionism Scale, Social Comparison Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and demographic information form were used to collect the data. Multiple regression analysis was used to explain the hypothesized model of predictors of body image. Results indicated that irrational beliefs, social comparison, physical activity level and satisfaction with life predicted body image positively whereas the relationship between socially prescribed perfectionism was positive but non-significant. In addition comparing the mean scores of scales by gender, total score of body image was higher in men than women. Findings of this study revealed that social comparison was playing a significant role in forming body image followed by spending little time vs. much time engaging with sportive activities, irrational beliefs, satisfaction with life and having little time vs. average time for physical activities. Results were discussed regarding to the relevant literature.

The purpose with the study was to investigate some of the factors thatmight contribute to the development of exercise dependence. This byinvestigating if self-esteem works as a mediator in the relationshipbetween perfectionism and exercise dependence. We conducted anonline survey among regular exercisers in Sweden (N = 177). Themediating analysis showed that self-esteem partially explained theassociation between perfectionism and exercise dependence. That is,self-esteem can help clarify the nature of the relationship. In conclusion,this study reveals that it is important to further investigate theunderlying psychological mechanisms to why some people are exercise dependent. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka några faktorer som kan bidratill utvecklandet av träningsberoende. Detta genom att undersöka omsjälvkänsla fungerar som en mediator i förhållandet mellanperfektionism och träningsberoende. Vi utförde en enkät online påmänniskor som tränar regelbundet i Sverige (N = 177). Den medierandeanalysen visade att självkänsla delvis förklarade associationen mellanperfektionism och träningsberoende. Alltså, självkänsla kan hjälpa attklargöra relationen mellan perfektionism och träningsberoende.Sammanfattningsvis har denna studie visat att det är viktigt att vidareundersöka de underliggande psykologiska mekanismerna till varför vissa människor är träningsberoende.

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Des études récentes suggèrent que le perfectionnisme est un phénomène multidimensionnel avec des composantes néfastes, mais aussi des éléments positifs, au bien-être psychosocial. Une étude a été élaborée afin de comparer la prévalence de ces éléments chez les garçons et les filles surdoués. Quarante-neuf enfants âgés de 7 à 11 ans ont rapporté leurs attitudes perfectionnistes, appartenant à deux dimensions du phénomène : le perfectionnisme orienté ver soi et le perfectionnisme socialement prescrit. Contrairement à nos attentes, les résultats révèlent que la prévalence des deux dimensions de perfectionnisme ne diffère pas de manière significative entre les filles et les garçons surdoués. Une analyse des résultats et de leurs implications pour de futures recherches est offerte. / Recent research suggests that some components of perfectionism can be detrimental to psychosocial well-being, but others can be positive to adjustment. The present investigation was designed to compare the prevalence of negative and positive components among gifted boys and girls. Two dimensions of perfectionism, Self-oriented and Socially-prescribed Perfectionism, were examined in a sample of 49 children between 7 and 11 years old. Contrary to our predictions, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of both dimensions between boys and girls. Implications for future studies are discussed.

Des études récentes suggèrent que le perfectionnisme est un phénomène multidimensionnel avec des composantes néfastes, mais aussi des éléments positifs, au bien-être psychosocial. Une étude a été élaborée afin de comparer la prévalence de ces éléments chez les garçons et les filles surdoués. Quarante-neuf enfants âgés de 7 à 11 ans ont rapporté leurs attitudes perfectionnistes, appartenant à deux dimensions du phénomène : le perfectionnisme orienté ver soi et le perfectionnisme socialement prescrit. Contrairement à nos attentes, les résultats révèlent que la prévalence des deux dimensions de perfectionnisme ne diffère pas de manière significative entre les filles et les garçons surdoués. Une analyse des résultats et de leurs implications pour de futures recherches est offerte. / Recent research suggests that some components of perfectionism can be detrimental to psychosocial well-being, but others can be positive to adjustment. The present investigation was designed to compare the prevalence of negative and positive components among gifted boys and girls. Two dimensions of perfectionism, Self-oriented and Socially-prescribed Perfectionism, were examined in a sample of 49 children between 7 and 11 years old. Contrary to our predictions, there was no significant difference in the prevalence of both dimensions between boys and girls. Implications for future studies are discussed.

Объектом исследования стал перфекционизм как устойчивая черта личности. Предметом исследования взаимосвязь перфекционизма с формально-динамическими и личностными особенностями взрослых 20–40 лет. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (86 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя таблицы, корреляционные плеяды и диаграммы. Объем магистерской диссертации 103 страницы, на которых размещены 2 рисунка и 15 таблиц, не учитывая приложений. Во введении раскрывается разработанность проблематики и актуальность: в большинстве случаев исследования перфекционизма направлены на изучение его связи с различными психическими расстройствами и эмоциональными нарушениями, при этом остаётся малоизученным место перфекционизма в структуре личности, его взаимосвязь с формально-динамическими, характерологическими и мотивационными особенностями. На основании этого ставится цель: изучить индивидуально-типологические и личностные детерминанты перфекционизма. Формулируются гипотезы, в которых предполагается, что формально-динамические свойства и характер влияют на степень выраженности диспозиционного перфекционизма у взрослых 20–40 лет, а отдельные параметры перфекционизма связаны с разными психологическими особенностями взрослых. Указываются методы, эмпирическая база и теоретико-методологическая основа исследования, которая включает в себя когнитивную модель перфекционизма Г. Флетта и П. Хьюитта, биопсихосоциальную теорию темперамента В. М. Русалова; диспозиционный подход мотивации достижения Г. Шулера. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме перфекционизма. Представлены разделы, посвященные изучению понятия совершенства и перфекционизма в психологии и философии, моделям, формам, мотивационной основе и факторам развития перфекционизма. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: многомерная шкала перфекционизма П. Хьюитта и Г. Флетта в адаптации И.И. Грачевой; опросник мотивации достижения Ганса Шулера в адаптации (AMI сокращенный, адаптированный на кафедре педагогики и образования); батарейный тест-опросник «Темперамент-характер» В. М. Русалова, О. Н. Маноловой; опросник «Дифференциальный тип рефлексии» Д. А. Леонтьева, Е. М. Лаптевой, Е. Н. Осина и А. Ж. Салиховой; опросник «Уровень субъективного контроля» Е. Ф. Бажина, Е. А. Голынкина, Л. М. Эткинда. Также в главе представлен сравнительный, корреляционный и регрессионный анализ результатов исследования. Проанализирована связь отдельных параметров перфекционизма с темпераментом, акцентуациями характера, мотивацией достижения, уровнем субъективного контроля и типом рефлексии. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования, в которых выяснилось, что отдельные формально-динамические свойства индивидуальности влияют на степень выраженности диспозиционного перфекционизма у взрослых 20–40 лет, а отдельные составляющие перфекционизма связаны с мотивацией достижения, типом рефлексии и уровнем субъективного контроля. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована теоретическая и практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was perfectionism as a stable personality trait. The subject of the study is the relationship of perfectionism with the formal-dynamic and personal characteristics of adults aged 20–40. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (86 sources) and an appendix, which includes tables, correlation pleiades and diagrams. The volume of the master's thesis is 103 pages, which contain 2 figures and 15 tables, not including applications. The introduction reveals the elaboration of the problematics and relevance: in most cases, studies of perfectionism are aimed at studying its connection with various mental disorders and emotional disorders, while the place of perfectionism in the personality structure, its relationship with formal dynamic, characterological and motivational features remains poorly understood. Based on this, the goal is set: to study the individual typological and personal determinants of perfectionism. Hypotheses are formulated in which it is assumed that formal-dynamic properties and character affect the severity of dispositional perfectionism in adults aged 20–40 years, and certain parameters of perfectionism are associated with different psychological characteristics of adults. The methods, empirical base and theoretical and methodological basis of the study are indicated, which includes the cognitive model of perfectionism by G. Flett and P. Hewitt, the biopsychosocial theory of temperament by V. M. Rusalov; G. Schuler's dispositional approach to achievement motivation. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of perfectionism. Sections devoted to the study of the concept of perfection and perfectionism in psychology and philosophy, models, forms, motivational basis and factors of development of perfectionism are presented. The conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: the multidimensional scale of perfectionism by P. Hewitt and G. Flett, adapted by I.I. Gracheva; Hans Schuler's Achievement Motivation Questionnaire in Adaptation (abbreviated AMI, adapted at the Department of Pedagogy and Education); battery test questionnaire "Temperament-character" by V. M. Rusalov, O. N. Manolova; questionnaire "Differential type of reflection" by D. A. Leontiev, E. M. Lapteva, E. N. Osina and A. Zh. Salikhova; questionnaire "Level of subjective control" by E. F. Bazhina, E. A. Golynkina, L. M. Etkind. The chapter also presents a comparative, correlation and regression analysis of the results of the study. The relationship of individual parameters of perfectionism with temperament, character accentuations, achievement motivation, the level of subjective control and the type of reflection is analyzed. The conclusions in Chapter 2 include the main results of the empirical study, which revealed that certain formal-dynamic properties of individuality affect the severity of dispositional perfectionism in adults aged 20–40 years, and certain components of perfectionism are associated with achievement motivation, the type of reflection, and the level of subjective control. In the conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the theoretical and practical significance of the study is substantiated, and possible prospects for further development of this issue are described.