<p>The sentiment of Justice Ackerman that courts have a particular responsibility and obligation to &ldquo / forge new tools&rdquo / and shape innovative remedies to achieve a goal, is profound and based on a constitution with a transformative nature. The injustice of apartheid brought about unequal resource distribution in South Africa and this is well documented. The need for innovative remedies to address these injustices has been in demand. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa has made available, sufficient remedies for the courts to deal with these concerns. However, the courts need to find a creative way of using and applying these remedies. One such remedy, being promoted by this paper is, structural interdicts with a supervisory jurisdiction. This remedy has a process of meaningful engagement attached to it, to ensure all parties reach practical solutions to ongoing socio-economic rights violations. The ancillary effect of these types of orders will promote future policies to take into consideration socio-economic rights needs of other people in the same position as the applicants. The ongoing supervision of the court will further ensure that government comply with its obligation within reasonable time, and to address ongoing concerns of socio-economic rights violation as and when they arise during the process of engagement.</p>

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis--Wayne State University, Dept. of Education. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: leaves 224-234.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1975. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Wayne State University, Dept. of Education. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: leaves 224-234.

Distributed online discussion events in social media are increasingly used as sites for open, informal professional development, knowledge sharing and community formation. Synchronous chat events hosted on Twitter have become particularly prominent in a number of professional domains. Yet theoretical and critical analysis of these Twitter chat events has, to date, been limited: this thesis contributes to the development of such analysis through a socio-material, network assemblage lens employing trans-disciplinary and multi-method research approaches. This research positions the Twitter chat events as the relational effects of network-assemblages of human and non-human actants. This thesis explores Twitter chat events with a particular focus on human resource development (HRD) as a professional domain that is widely seen as inherently changeable, fluid, contested and continually emergent. This study examines how practitioner-generated reportage of professional practice interact with the specific functions of Twitter to generate definitions of HRD as a professional field of practice. A combination of descriptive statistics, Social Network Analysis and analysis of the content and structure of the Chat events has been employed in researching 32 separate chat events with 12,061 tweets. The research methods generated multiple readings of the research data and surfaced different and fluid potential lines of enquiry in to the Twitter chat events. A number of these potential lines of enquiry were then selected as points of entry to ‘zoom in’ to the data using a Critical Discourse Analysis for a smaller sample of the chat events. The assemblages of the chat events are collective achievements involving human and non-human actants. The collective effects surfaced in the research problematise (a) the notion of online communities as the product of network ties and (b) the humanist orientations of much of the literature on professional learning. Within the Twitter chat events, HRD is constructed as a profession in crisis as the traditional bases of professional identity are eroded. The practitioners participating in these events position HRD as increasingly less relevant to its constituent audiences, clients and customers and as locked into organisational assemblages that cut-off the potential for new trajectories for the field to emerge. The chat events normalise technological and societal imperatives that create work intensification, demand committed lifelong learners and venerate precarious relations of employment. Hence, the domain of HRD is enacted as subservient to a new-capitalist discourse that emphasises adaptability, innovation and speed. A key finding of the research is that, in response to these challenges, the Twitter chat events seek to generate an idealised archetype of HRD bounded by a stable set of dominant practices. These practices emphasise the importance of self-directed learning, autonomous working and the capacities to cope with continuous change. Learning and development is positioned as the responsibility of the individual to enhance their employability within increasingly competitive labour markets. Thus, the idealised archetype of HRD is aligned with conceptualisations of a global post-industrial capitalism and with a notion of ‘enterprising selfhood’.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2008. / Submitted by Ruthléa Nascimento (ruthlea@bce.unb.br) on 2008-10-30T17:31:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_AntonioLemosMaiaNeto.pdf: 1404257 bytes, checksum: fd06938e1f321f16873e68748e940319 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luanna Maia(luanna@bce.unb.br) on 2009-02-20T12:04:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_AntonioLemosMaiaNeto.pdf: 1404257 bytes, checksum: fd06938e1f321f16873e68748e940319 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2009-02-20T12:04:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_AntonioLemosMaiaNeto.pdf: 1404257 bytes, checksum: fd06938e1f321f16873e68748e940319 (MD5) / A abordagem territorial do desenvolvimento tem se apresentado como um adequado mecanismo de análise para que se possa entender as mudanças que vêm ocorrendo no meio rural brasileiro, e a partir daí se trabalhar estratégias rumo a um desenvolvimento sustentável desses espaços. Sob esta ótica, a presença de instituições locais capazes de favorecer a coesão entre os diferentes agentes territoriais e o aproveitamento e preservação de seus recursos naturais, culturais e sociais, é apontada como fator de grande relevância na dinamização alcançada por alguns espaços rurais. Visando contribuir com essa discussão de maneira que os elementos daí apreendidos possam servir de subsídios para políticas de desenvolvimento territorial sustentável no Semi-árido, a presente pesquisa consiste no estudo da experiência da Cooperativa dos Empreendedores Rurais de Jussara, reunindo como ferramentas metodológicas a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a observação ativa do objeto de estudo, as entrevistas com informantes-chave e a análise qualitativa dentro de uma abordagem interdisciplinar. Alocada no território de Irecê, o qual vinha de um intenso processo de crise sócio-econômica, em decorrência da falência de um modelo de desenvolvimento baseado na especialização da agricultura com base em uma cultura pouco adaptada às condições climáticas local, a referida Cooperativa, com todos os seus projetos e ações, vêm contribuindo para o desenho de uma nova configuração desse território, com a diversificação de sua base econômica, a redução das desigualdades social e espacial, o resgate cultural, e o desenvolvimento de estratégias produtivas ambientalmente mais sustentáveis. A criação e evolução da Cooperativa, por sua vez, é fruto de uma conjunção de fatores, dentre os quais pôde se identificar a presença de um capital social forte, as mudanças na cultura política local, a sua institucionalização na forma de uma associação e uma cooperativa, o seu caráter empreendedor, a presença e a ausência de algumas políticas públicas e seus instrumentos, assim como o próprio contexto territorial. Apesar dos avanços decorrentes de todos esses aspectos, alguns obstáculos ainda persistem em retardar a consolidação das mudanças em curso no território, relacionadas à atuação da Cooperativa, como a dificuldade de gestão e acesso a mercados do empreendimento, e a pouca integração entre as políticas públicas e as instituições. _________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / The territorial approach to development has turned out as an adequate analytical mechanism towards both understanding the changes taking place in rural Brazil and subsequently building strategies for the sustainable development of such areas. Within this framework, the dynamism of some rural spaces has been quoted in the literature as largely resulting from the presence of local institutions capable of favoring cohesion among different territorial agents while preserving and taking advantage of their natural, cultural and social resources. In order to contribute to such a debate by providing elements to subsidize sustainable territorial development policies in the semi-arid region, this research studies the experience of the Rural Entrepreneurs’ Cooperative in Jussara (Bahia, Brazil) by using an interdisciplinary approach encompassing documental and bibliographic research, active observation of the study subject, interviews with key informants and qualitative analysis. The territory of Irecê, where the Cooperative is based, had been undergoing an intense socioeconomic crisis due to the failure of a development model built on agricultural specialization. The contributing role of the Cooperative has been that of redesigning such a territory, by diversifying its economic base, narrowing the social and special gap, rescuing the cultural values and devising more environmentally sustainable productive strategies. The Cooperative’s creation and trajectory has been, in turn, the result of a convergence of factors, among which the following could be identified: its strong social capital, its institutionalization as an association and a cooperative, its entrepreneurship, the changes in the local political culture, the presence as well as the absence of some public policies and their tools, and the territorial context itself. In spite of the progress made in all the abovementioned features, some obstacles still hinder the consolidation of the ongoing changes in that territory, such as the difficulty in managing the Cooperative and gaining access to entrepreneurial markets together with the poor integration between public policies and the institutions.

xiv, 107 p. : ill., maps. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number. / In Oregon, watershed councils are a prime example of community-based natural resource management. Since the early 1990's the state has promoted local place-based ecosystem management for the restoration of fish habitat, water quality, and the protection of water resources. In this new paradigm, watershed management in Oregon incorporates ecosystem and adaptive management, a concept that involves acting, monitoring, and evaluating current and past programs. Since their early beginnings, watershed councils have recognized the integrated nature ofthe socio-economic and biophysical environment. However, the management practices of watershed councils in Oregon have focused on the bio-physical environment and bio-physical monitoring and evaluation. Socio-economic indicators may provide information that will allow watershed councils to plan for watershed management in a more holistic framework for strategic decision-making and collaborative management through an integration of the socio-economic and bio-physical elements of the watershed. / Committee in charge: Dr. Michael Hibbard, Chair; Dr. Cassandra Moseley; Dr. Jon A. Souder

Durant les premières années de leur vie, plus de la moitié des enfants de zéro à cinq ans en France sont pris en charge par d'autres personnes que leurs parents. La demande en structures d'accueil pour les enfants d'âge préscolaire s'est intensifiée. Malgré les disparités régionales et les carences en équipements dans certaines communes, un dispositif a été mis en place sur le territoire national qui consiste à mettre à la disposition des enseignants des écoles maternelles, des personnels devant les seconder auprès des jeunes enfants. De nombreux professionnels de la petite enfance et différents responsables sont conscients que les premières années de scolarisation de l'enfant sont importantes. Il est donc indispensable de l'entourer d'un personnel disponible et qualifié. Des études montrent que l'existence du phénomène de la scolarisation des enfants de deux ans pose entre autre problème celui de l'identification de certaines professions liées à la petite enfance. Ainsi, nous consacrons essentiellement notre recherche au travail d'assistance à l'enseignant proposé par l'agent territorial spécialisé des écoles maternelles (Atsem) sous le titre «la professionnalisation du métier d’agent territorial spécialisé de l’école maternelle : évolution du statut professionnel et enjeux éducatifs». Le choix du sujet se justifie par rapport à l'importance de son rôle pédagogique dès les premières années de la scolarisation du jeune enfant. Aussi, cette thèse comble un vide, puisqu’elle traite de la question des enjeux éducatifs et sociaux d’un métier de la petite enfance peu connu dans une démarche de professionnalisation. En outre, nous mettons en relief trois périodes importantes de l’évolution du statut professionnel en lien avec la réalisation de l’activité professionnelle de manière à identifier les configurations distinctes qui traduisent les modalités différentes de professionnalisation dans l’analyse des pratiques d’une part, et d’appréhender au-delà des enjeux de professionnalisation, les conditions d’accueil et de prise en charge du jeune enfant en maternelle d’autres part. Cette recherche aborde également un aspect du domaine sensible de la scolarisation de la petite enfance de 2/5 ans. Sans doute que les transformations structurelles et organisationnelles très profondes de l’école maternelle ont contribué largement à modifier les espaces d’apprentissage et les enjeux éducatifs du travail de l’ATSEM et des enseignants. / During the first years of their life, more half of the children from zero to five years in France are dealt with by other people that their parents. The request of reception facilities for the preschool Childs intensified. In spite of regional disparities and the deficiencies out of equipment in certain communes, device was set up on the national territory which consists in putting at the disposal of teachers of the nursery schools, of staffs having to assist them near the young children. Many professionals of early childhood and different responsible are conscious that the first years of schooling of the child are important. It is thus essential to surround it by a staff available and qualified. Studies show that the existence of the phenomenon of the schooling of the two-year-old children amongst other things poses problem that of the identification of certain professions related to early childhood. Thus, we devote primarily our research to the work of assistance to the teacher proposed by the territorial agent specialized of the nursery schools (Atsem) under the title “the professionalisation of the trade of territorial agent specialized in the nursery school: evolution of the professional statute and educational challenges”. The choice of the subject is justified compared to the importance of its teaching role as of the first years of the schooling of the young child. Also, this thesis fills a vacuum, since it treats question of the educational and social challenges of a trade of early childhood little known in a approach of professionalisation. Moreover, we highlight three important periods of the evolution of the professional statute in bond with the realization of the occupation so as to identify the distinct configurations which translate the methods different of professionalisation in the analysis of the practices on the one hand, and to apprehend beyond the challenges of professionalisation, the conditions of reception and assumption of responsibility of the young child in nursery school of other share. This research also approaches an aspect of the significant field of the schooling of the 2/5 years early childhood. Undoubtedly that the transformations structural and organisational very major of the nursery school largely contributed to modify spaces of training and the educational challenges of the work of the Atsem and the teachers.