Second home ownership is a new and booming phenomenon in China. Although it has been widely discussed in newspaper, radio and other mass media, it has not raised much academic concern. This study is a preliminary research in this field. <br /><br /> In western counties, second home growth has caused a series of socio-economic impacts to the host community, including housing price inflation, displacement of local people, disruption of local service, etc. These effects identified by western literatures are examined in the context of Haikou, China. <br /><br /> Through applications of interview, on-site observation and secondary research, this study generally confirms the impacts addressed by other second home research. Similar to the western experience, the growth of second homes in Haikou has both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, the increase of second home purchase contributes to the boom of property-related industry. On the negative side, it causes inflation pressure on housing price and affects the affordability of the housing for local people. The seasonality of second home occupation also leads to a "ghost communit" problem. However, as the development of second homes in Haikou is at an early stage, both their positive and negative impacts are not significant. Some effects such as the displacement of locals, the effects on local retail outlets and services are not detectable. Remarkably, this study addresses two problems that can only be found in China: "college entrance exam immigration" and "illegal sale of <em>hukou</em>". <br /><br /> Based on the major findings, policy recommendations for local government are provided. Implications for conducting research in China, and for future research opportunities are also suggested.

Second home ownership is a new and booming phenomenon in China. Although it has been widely discussed in newspaper, radio and other mass media, it has not raised much academic concern. This study is a preliminary research in this field. <br /><br /> In western counties, second home growth has caused a series of socio-economic impacts to the host community, including housing price inflation, displacement of local people, disruption of local service, etc. These effects identified by western literatures are examined in the context of Haikou, China. <br /><br /> Through applications of interview, on-site observation and secondary research, this study generally confirms the impacts addressed by other second home research. Similar to the western experience, the growth of second homes in Haikou has both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, the increase of second home purchase contributes to the boom of property-related industry. On the negative side, it causes inflation pressure on housing price and affects the affordability of the housing for local people. The seasonality of second home occupation also leads to a "ghost communit" problem. However, as the development of second homes in Haikou is at an early stage, both their positive and negative impacts are not significant. Some effects such as the displacement of locals, the effects on local retail outlets and services are not detectable. Remarkably, this study addresses two problems that can only be found in China: "college entrance exam immigration" and "illegal sale of <em>hukou</em>". <br /><br /> Based on the major findings, policy recommendations for local government are provided. Implications for conducting research in China, and for future research opportunities are also suggested.

This descriptive study was done 1) to explore and describe the proportional distribution of breast, cervical and colorectal cancers by stage (a proxy measure of availability, access, and utilization of secondary prevention strategies) in northern Saskatchewan First Nations and non-First Nations in comparison to southern Saskatchewan First Nations and non-First Nations; 2) to assess the impact of stage and age on the survival patterns for these cancers in northerners and First Nations whose survival patterns have been shown by previous research to be equal or poorer in comparison to southerners. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were carried out to ascertain the impact of the different proportions of stage for each study group on survival. Stage at time of diagnosis is a proxy assessment of secondary prevention services, which include formal screening programs.<p> Data for this study was obtained from the Saskatchewan Cancer Registry, which has been maintaining cancer data since 1932. Cancer stage at time of diagnosis information is complete in the registry for different years for each cancer site. Hence data for breast cancer was for the years 1970 to 1995; cervical cancer data for the years 1980 to 1995; colorectal cancer data for the years 1990 to 1995. <p> The proportion of cancer cases for each site by TNM stage and age were compared among the four study groups. First Nation and northern populations were found to have a larger proportion of diagnoses at a later stage in comparison to the southern non-First Nation group. <p> Using Cox's proportional hazards model, both stage and age at time of diagnosis were found to be significant predictors of survival for all study groups. Age and stage adjusted relative risks were calculated and found to be significant in comparison to the southern non-First Nation group for cancer of the breast (RR =1.81 P=0.013). For cervical cancer the relative risk of dying of cervical cancer for southern First Nations in comparison to southern non­-First Nations was found to be 1.38 but this was not statistically significant (p = 0.097). For colorectal cancer, the relative risk of dying of colorectal cancer was found to be better for northern First Nations in comparison to southern non-First Nations (RR = 0.59), however this was not statistically significant (p = 0.45).<p> This study showed that despite adjusting for stage and age at time of diagnosis, there were still some unexplained differences in the survival pattern of northern First Nations, northern non-First Nations and southern First Nations in comparison to southern non-First Nations. Hypotheses as to what these unexplained differences are have been offered. These include differences in socio-economic status as well as availability, accessibility, attitudes towards and knowledge of secondary prevention strategies. Further study into these unexplained differences should be carried out.

This dissertation studies the relationship between China¡¦s socio-culture and its financial system from the perspective of economic sociology. After denouncing the Marx-Lenin-Mao Ideology Deng Xiaoping adopted the ¡§Reform and Open Door¡¨ policy with an emphasis on the economic development as the supreme objective. As a result, the Chinese economy has grown at a speed faster than ever. Chinese are wealthier year after year and the social structure is much changed. The people are differentiated in its social classification. The richer middle class is consequently emerged and its proportion among population is increasing. Numerous labor-class and peasant are getting relatively poorer. Currently the Hu-Wen regime considers the domestic stability the first goal and the foreign exchange rate is not adjusted upward as much as expected. My research shows that the China¡¦s financial system and the policy-decision making obliviously are shaped by the influence of the China¡¦s socio-culture. In order to create the value of social justice, the function of People¡¦s Bank (the Central Bank) of China and four other specialized banks such as Chinese Construction Bank are thoroughly separated. Hu Jintao emphasized his governance ¡§for the people¡¨ to create ¡§social harmony¡¨ as his administration motto. This is a policy change in priority from efficiency only, to equity as well: a reflection from one extreme towards the middle-of-the-road in accordance with Confucianism. Key words: social culture, financial system, well-off society, society harmony

El presente estudio: “Las transformaciones socio-territoriales en espacios con estructuras tradicionales entre 1992 - 2005”, es resultado de la investigación “La transformación socio-espacial en la parte media del Corredor Bioceánico Central del Perú: 1992-2004”, iniciada el año 2005 con el financiamiento del Instituto de Investigaciones Históricos Sociales de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos para optar el grado de Geógrafo. La amplitud de temáticas que abordaba el proyecto inicial me ha guiado a replantear los objetivos y limitar las unidades de análisis de la presente investigación para desarrollar los temas que mayor relevancia ha cobrado producto del avance del estudio anterior. La presente investigación realiza un análisis multiescalar y cualitativo de las transformaciones socio-territoriales ocurridas en los espacios rurales, con estructuras tradicionales, de la parte media del Corredor Bioceánico Central del Perú, en el periodo de 1992 - 2005. La muestra, como unidad de análisis escogida es “la comunidad campesina San Pedro de Yanahuanca” y los caseríos que ella comprende. El tipo de investigación es básica, exploratoria, de revisión bibliográfica y de carácter local y micro-regional. Se sigue el método de investigación comparado y abductivo, utilizando un enfoque descriptivo-analítico-explicativo (cualitativo) desde una perspectiva geosistémica. Se realiza un análisis histórico-geográfico para explicar diacrónicamente los procesos más relevantes en distintos espacios y tiempos; por ello, los pasos seguidos son: la recopilación de información bibliográfica y cartográfica, trabajo de campo, estudio de casos y el análisis de datos en forma cuantitativa y cualitativa. Por tanto, la metodología seguida es socio-geográfica, por abordar temáticas que tienen expresiones espaciales y porque se introduce en la interdisciplinariedad de las ciencias sociales; tiene un aporte sociológico, por el estudio de los procesos sociales; antropológico, por comprender los patrones de consumo y producción de los grupos culturales; y el carácter geográfico, por interpretar la lógica de los comportamientos espaciales y territoriales a diversas escalas. Esta investigación contiene tres capítulos. El primer capitulo demuestra que los factores que propician la transformación socio-territorial en los espacios rurales, son principalmente de índole físico-natural, económico y político. El primero se expresa como gran condicionante natural de las transformaciones rurales, el segundo mediante políticas económicas de inversión con la apertura del mercado local al comercio mundial y el impulso del desarrollo productivo, iniciado con mayor fuerza con el Programa de Ajuste Estructural, en la década del noventa. El factor político, por priorizar estos espacios tradicionales para la integración regional sudamericana (IIRSA). El segundo capítulo, explica que los cambios ocurridos en el sistema productivo rural se expresan en el retroceso del trueque y en los cambios de las formas de producción comunitaria aún subsistentes. Esto, fue producto de la penetración y generalización de relaciones productivas y mercantiles de tipo capitalista en el sistema productivo rural, que han logrado desplazar los modos y medios de producción tradicional, aunque no en su totalidad, y reducido los espacios de intercambio económico tradicional a sólo algunos caseríos de nuestro universo de estudio. Estas afirmaciones nos conducen a afirmar que existe una tendencia cada vez más generalizada que se configura los orígenes de la extinción del territorio comunal. El tercer capitulo, explica que los cambios ocurridos en los tipos de organización social y en las formas de organización territorial, recrean las formas y jerarquías territoriales expresadas geográficamente mediante procesos y dinámicas de impacto espacial. Se muestra que las comunidades campesinas, los caseríos y las estancias, son elementos estructurales de organización territorial tradicional que aun subsisten, persisten en el tiempo y estructuran la actual configuración del territorio comunal. Se explica los tipos de organización social actuales, previo un análisis multiescalar y multitemporal, mostrando las diferencias entre las organizaciones tradicionales y emergentes (Dígase: ronderos, los campos, movimientos regionales y frentes de defensa) que configuran territorialmente las nuevas organizaciones comunales como los frentes de defensa, frentes comunales y juntas vecinales que se constituyen también en fuerzas políticas que contribuyen en la actual configuración de la organización territorial en las áreas andinas. Por ultimo, producto del análisis de la serie de procesos socio-territoriales que están transformando las estructuras tradicionales de los espacios rurales, se presenta las conclusiones y recomendaciones finales de la presente investigación.

Mémoire de Maîtrise--Musicologie--Paris-Sorbonne, 1975-76. / Bibliogr. p. [127-128].

Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Histoire contemporaine--Paris 1, 2004. / En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 363-374. Index.

The purpose of this essay has been to seek understanding of how young people in high school and adult education experience the use of educational media tools in teaching. Examples of questions submitted material has been: What are the positive and negative experiences of ICT in the classroom? The essay is of a qualitative nature, in which five students were interviewed about their experiences of ICT in the school environment. The result is analyzed from a sociocultural perspective and from an inward-student perspective. The results showed that students felt that it was difficult to absorb many of the ICT facilities as sources of knowledge in the school environment. Due to lack of quality in teaching material and difficulties of the pupils to sort out the important information of the injected.

Background: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a serious mosquito-borne disease that can potentially lead to death. The purpose of this study is to spatially examine known risk factors for WNV within Georgia at the county level. The study produces maps that relate known WNV cases to high, medium, and low risk factor areas for additional analyses. Methodology: Cartographic visualization and statistical analysis software was used to examine the relationships between: the geographical distribution of age, race, gender, urbanicity, and population density of Georgians in relation to WNV cases by county. Chi-square analysis and odds rations were calculated to determine whether or not associations of risk and the likelihood of WNV case reports were significant. Results: Gender was found to be significantly associated with the distribution of reported WNV cases. Identification of high risk areas throughout the state was determined through the use of Geographic Information System software. Conclusion: Insights into the visual distribution of WNV risk factors throughout the state of Georgia can assist policy makers and public health planners to optimize resources in WNV transmission and prevention abatement and education efforts. This exploratory study provides a critical first glimpse into the distribution of WNV risk factors throughout the state.

Rebirth language has traditionally been associated with the initiation rite of baptism and relegated to discussions within this limited framework. Analyses of 1 Peter—where rebirth language is particularly dominant—have focussed almost exclusively on a baptismal framework for understanding this language. However, a detailed reading of the letter does not reveal any association between rebirth and Christian rites of initiation. Whatever action, activity or idea triggered the use of this language, its role in the letter has never been adequately explored. This study employs socio-rhetorical analysis to examine the role of rebirth language within the letter of 1 Peter and within its larger cultural and textual context. Rebirth language is employed in the key opening section of the letter and, within the framework of familial language, serves as a central distinctive of the letter’s recipient-focussed argument. As part of the familial metaphor, rebirth highlights the readers’ identity as children whose πατήρ (“father”) is God. A comprehensive analysis of all other extant (first century) texts employing rebirth language, reveals that, while 1 Peter’s use of such language shares some points of contact with other expressions of rebirth, the meaning of rebirth in 1 Peter is not directly tied to any related language. More likely, 1 Peter contains cultural allusions to the developing idea of rebirth that is also shared—in different ways—with other extant materials. No other source, however, contains the same usage and implied meaning of rebirth language as 1 Peter. Instead, 1 Peter’s author, building upon the powerful father-child analogy, intends to shape his readers’ self-perceptions using this language to provide a sense of identity without encouraging extensive alienation from the larger society. 1 Peter’s use of rebirth language builds upon and intensifies the cultural familial metaphor in order to help firmly establish the recipients’ Christian identity in the midst of their associations and interactions within their social context.