The use of computational modeling is an effective and inexpensive way to predict the response of complex systems to various perturbations. However, not until the early 1990s had this technology been used to predict the behavior of physiological systems, specifically the human skeletal system. To that end, a computational model of the human elbow joint was developed using computed topography (CT) scans of cadaveric donor tissue, as well as the commercially available software package SolidWorks™. The kinematic function of the joint model was then defined through 3D reconstructions of the osteoarticular surfaces and various soft-tissue constraints. The model was validated against cadaveric experiments performed by Hull et al and Fern et al that measured the significance of coronoid process fractures, lateral ulnar collateral ligament ruptures, and radial head resection in elbow joint resistance to varus displacement of the forearm. Kinematic simulations showed that the computational model was able to mimic the physiological movements of the joint throughout various ranges of motion including flexion/extension and pronation/supination. Quantitatively, the model was able to accurately reproduce the trends, as well as the magnitudes, of varus resistance observed in the cadaveric specimens. Additionally, magnitudes of ligament tension and joint contact force predicted by the model were able to further elucidate the complex soft-tissue and osseous contributions to varus elbow stability.

<p>This project is a preliminary study in order to build a small power plant, located beside to Gavleån River. It has been designed with the aim of cooling a district of Gävle city, Sweden. That big project is carried out by the international consulting engineering company SWECO. The mentioned plant contains a thermodynamic cycle that takes water from the river and afterwards, it is returned back warmer. It will attempt to study the temperature raise downstream along the river due to the spill of hot water. In addition, it will try to quantify and weight which may be the importance of the increment of temperature compared to the entire river. This work could be vital for an environmental impact study. The thermo and fluid dynamic problem is going to be solved using typical procedure for numerical simulations. To do this, it will be used Computer Aided Design (CAD) to model Gavleån River path and Computational Fluent Dynamics (CFD) to predict the distribution of temperatures. Finally the results of the simulations will be analyzed and discussed to draw conclusions about the final temperature raise in Gavleån River.</p>

This project is a preliminary study in order to build a small power plant, located beside to Gavleån River. It has been designed with the aim of cooling a district of Gävle city, Sweden. That big project is carried out by the international consulting engineering company SWECO. The mentioned plant contains a thermodynamic cycle that takes water from the river and afterwards, it is returned back warmer. It will attempt to study the temperature raise downstream along the river due to the spill of hot water. In addition, it will try to quantify and weight which may be the importance of the increment of temperature compared to the entire river. This work could be vital for an environmental impact study. The thermo and fluid dynamic problem is going to be solved using typical procedure for numerical simulations. To do this, it will be used Computer Aided Design (CAD) to model Gavleån River path and Computational Fluent Dynamics (CFD) to predict the distribution of temperatures. Finally the results of the simulations will be analyzed and discussed to draw conclusions about the final temperature raise in Gavleån River.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:17:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 117846.pdf: 2419985 bytes, checksum: a16e43755b4c91cb6a1e7311b13b4db4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research presents the problem related to the aging population of the world and the necessary improvement on product development to better serve these users considering their limitations that come with the aging process; one of the possible improvements is the inclusion of these user on usability testing. This inclusion can be made with low cost and without exposing the user through virtual testing, which is where the problem of this research focuses, if is possible to to perform these usability tests entirely in SolidWorks® platform. The objective of this research is to develop a procedure for virtual usability testing in SolidWorks® software, with focus on elderly users. To achive the corroboration of the hypothesis (is possible to do virtual usability testing through the software plataform), was reproduced the traditional usability test of a remote control conducted with elder users in a virtual usability test on the SolidWorks® plataform, the modeled user presented limitations based on the users participants of the traditional testing, enabling the comparison of the found results of the tests. On the usability tests were evaluated the performance metrics of task success and number of positioning of the remote control were necessary to complete the task. By the test results we were able to realize that the variable of number of positions necessary to complete the task is more appropriate to evaluate the similarity between the results of real and virtual tests. The result of the statistic test for this metric indicated that there are significant differences between the results of the traditional test and the results of the virtual test, but when evaluated only the results of females elders the results showed no significant differences. It was concluded that further research is necessary to achieve corroboration of the hypothesis, considering that the results indicated significant differences between the results. The fact that the group of female older users have shown similar results, indicating that with improvements in usability testing procedure in SolidWorks® platform can achieve similar results for older users of both genders. / O presente trabalho apresenta problemática relacionada ao cenário mundial do envelhecimento da população e as melhorias necessárias no desenvolvimento dos produtos para melhor atender esses usuários considerando as limitações que são desenvolvidas no envelhecimento; uma dessas melhorias é a inclusão desse usuário nos testes de usabilidade. Essa inclusão pode ser feita com custo baixo e sem expor o usuário por meio de testes virtuais, que é onde se apresenta o problema dessa pesquisa: se é possível realizar esses testes de usabilidade inteiramente na plataforma do SolidWorks®? O objetivo desta pesquisa é desenvolver um procedimento para testes de usabilidade virtuais realizados no software SolidWorks®, com foco nos usuários idosos. Para procurar a corroboração da hipótese (de que seria possível realizar testes de usabilidade digitalmente nesta plataforma), foi reproduzido o teste de usabilidade tradicional de um controle remoto realizado com usuários idosos em um teste de usabilidade virtual na plataforma do SolidWorks®, em que o usuário modelado apresentou limitações baseadas nas dos usuários participantes do teste tradicional, podendo assim, comparar os resultados encontrados nos testes. No teste de usabilidade foram avaliadas as medidas de desempenho, sucesso de realização da tarefa e número de reposicionamentos do controle remoto necessários para realizar a tarefa. Pelos resultados dos testes pode se perceber que a variável de número de reposicionamentos para realizar a tarefa é a mais adequada para avaliar a similaridade entre os resultados dos testes real e virtual. O resultado do teste estatístico dessa variável indicou que existem diferenças significativas entre os resultados encontrados do teste tradicional e os resultados do teste virtual, mas quando avaliado apenas os resultados dos indivíduos idosos do sexo feminino os resultados não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Foi concluído que ainda são necessárias pesquisas para se atingir a corroboração da hipótese, considerando que os resultados indicaram para diferenças significativas entre os resultados. O fato do grupo de usuárias idosas ter apresentado resultados similares, indica que com melhorias no procedimento de testes de usabilidade na plataforma do SolidWorks® pode-se conseguir resultados similares para usuários de idosos de ambos os gêneros.

This thesis is about the design of the telescopic platform. which should be fasten on robot called Breach. Purpose of this platform is to carry another equipment like sensors, cameras or manipulator. The platform has to provide chiefly the high demands on load capacity. Another part of the thesis is design of mechanism placed on this telescopic platform, or just on the robot Breach. This mechanism has to load up small subject on the top part of the platform and then unload it on chosen place. Only thing defined for this subjekt is maximal weight of 2 kilograms, but other parameters aren´t specified. Construction is therefore focused on maximal versatility of this mechanism.

Diplomová práce se zabývá hodnocením únavové životnosti v okolí konstručního uzlu tlakové nádoby, kde vzniká výrazná koncentrace napětí a je zde předpoklad primárního vlivu na únavu materiálu. Konkrétně se jedná o místo přechodu kontrolního otvoru do pláště analyzovaného zařízení. Práce obsahuje teoretickou a praktickou část. V teoretické části jsou představeny pojmy a metody hodnocení, související s danou problematikou. Na základě těchto metod je provedena analýza konstrukčního uzlu tlakové nádoby. Analýza je provedena metodou konečných prvků na skořepinovém a objemovém modelu nádoby v softwaru ANSYS Workbench, její výsledky dále zpracovány a vyhodnoceny dle aktuálního návrhu úpravy evropské harmonizované normy EN 13445--3, kapitoly 18. Výsledky analýz jsou hodnoceny v závěru práce.

This thesis deals with the problem of waste heat, namely, the exhaust gas which are not frequently used. Specifically, it is a design of thermoelectric generators set, power electronics for fan and heat exchanger proposal. The entire system uses the energy of the waste heat to increase the heating efficiency.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / With the recent advancement of computation and imaging technology, Image-based computational fluid dynamics (ICFD) has emerged as a great non-invasive capability to study biomedical flows. These modern technologies increase the potential of computation-aided diagnostics and therapeutics in a patient-specific environment. I studied three components of this image-based computational fluid dynamics process in this work. To ensure accurate medical assessment, realistic computational analysis is needed, for which patient-specific image segmentation of the diseased vessel is of paramount importance. In this work, image segmentation of several human arteries, veins, capillaries, and organs was conducted to use them for further hemodynamic simulations. To accomplish these, several open-source and commercial software packages were implemented. This study incorporates a new computational platform, called InVascular, to quantify the 4D velocity field in image-based pulsatile flows using the Volumetric Lattice Boltzmann Method (VLBM). We also conducted several parametric studies on an idealized case of a 3-D pipe with the dimensions of a human renal artery. We investigated the relationship between stenosis severity and Resistive index (RI). We also explored how pulsatile parameters like heart rate or pulsatile pressure gradient affect RI. As the process of ICFD analysis is based on imaging and other hemodynamic data, it is often time-consuming due to the extensive data processing time. For clinicians to make fast medical decisions regarding their patients, we need rapid and accurate ICFD results. To achieve that, we also developed surrogate models to show the potential of supervised machine learning methods in constructing efficient and precise surrogate models for Hagen-Poiseuille and Womersley flows.

No description available.

Examensarbetet inom produktutveckling – konstruktion utfördes under perioden februari till juni 2013 och omfattar 15 högskolepoäng (C-nivå), och är den slutliga kursen inom högskoleingenjörsprogrammet Innovation och produktdesign. Examensarbetet behandlade problematiken kring produktionsanpassning och kostnadsoptimering av två stycken elektromagnetiska omrörare vid företaget ABB, Process Automation, Metallurgy i Västerås. Efter kontakt med handledaren från ABB, Jan-Erik Eriksson, påbörjades projektarbetet med att tillverkningsanpassa konstruktionen av produkterna ORD 43P och EM Stabilizer. För att åstadkomma kostnadsoptimerad och produktionsanpassad konstruktion tillämpade författarna följande produktutvecklingsverktyg: Design for Cost, Design for Manufacture och Design for Assembly. För att kontrollera att konstruktionen blev optimal, men också att den inte brister under belastning använde examensarbetarna det datorbaserade hållfasthetsverktyget finita elementmetoden i CAD-programmet SolidWorks. Val av komponenter baserades på komponenternas pris per kilo. För att välja det optimala materialet, det vill säga högsta hållfasthet till lägsta pris använde författarna materialdatabasprogrammet CES EduPack. De utvalda materialen från programmet kunde inte författarna påfinna som standard på marknaden, varför författarna ändrade strategi till att jämföra och välja material utifrån marknadsundersökning av standardmaterial hos leverantörer.   ORD 43Ps komponenter optimerades konstruktionsmässigt gentemot befintliga komponenter och härvstag och isolerplattor kostnadsreducerades markant. Komponenten stomme grundutförande undersöktes översiktligt.  Genom att produktutveckla komponenterna härvstag, isolerplattor och stomme grundutförande minskade kostnaderna för ORD 43P med 2,47 %.  Författarna ansåg att ORD 43Ps totala kostnader kan minska mellan 10-25 % eftersom många av dess komponenter är överdimensionerade och består av dyrare material än vad som krävs.  EM Stabilizer’s komponenter, lock och tryckluftsslang, utformades med optimal konstruktion och kostnadsreducerades.  Genom att produktutveckla komponenterna lock och tryckluftsslang minskade kostnaderna för EM Stabilizer med 1,3 %.  Författarna förmodar att EM Stabilizer’s kostnader kan minska, eftersom den är relativt ny på marknaden. ABB vill säkerställa att produkten uppnår sin garanterade livslängd genom att överdimensionera många av produktens komponenter och använda dyrare material än vad som är nödvändigt. / The thesis in product development – design was carried out between February and June 2013 and includes 15 credits (C-level), and is the final course of the Bachelor Program in Engineering, Innovation and Product Design.  The thesis dealt with the problem of adaptation to production and cost optimization of two pieces of electromagnetic stirrers at the company ABB, Process Automation, Metallurgy in Västerås. After contact with the supervisor from ABB, Jan-Erik Eriksson, the project work commenced to adapt the manufacturing design of the product ORD 43P and EM Stabilizer. To achieve cost-optimized production and production adapted design, the authors applied the following product development tools: Design for Cost, Design for Manufacture and Design for Assembly. To verify that the design was optimal, but also that it did not break during stress, the authors used the computer based module finite element method of the CAD program SolidWorks.  The selection of components was based on the component’s price per kilo.  To select the optimum material, that is high strength and affordable, the authors used the material database software CES EduPack. The materials selected from CES EduPack could not be found by the authors as standard material at the market. Therefore, the authors changed strategy to compare and select materials based on market research of standard materials with suppliers. The components of ORD 43P were optimized in terms of design in comparison with existing components coil bracket and insulation boards. They were also cost reduced significantly. The component frame base was examined briefly.  Through product development the components coil bracket, insulating boards and frame base the total cost of ORD 43P was reduced by 2,47 %.  The authors found that the total cost of ORD 43P could be reduced between 10-25 % as many of its components are oversized and made ​​of more expensive materials than needed.  The components of EM Stabilizer, cover and pneumatic hose, were designed with optimum design and was cost reduced.Through product development the components cover and pneumatic hose the costs of EM stabilizer were reduced by 1,3 %.  The authors assume that the costs of the EM Stabilizer can be reduced, because it is relatively new at the market. ABB want to ensure that the product reach its guaranteed life by over-sizing many of the components of the product and use more expensive material than necessary. / Kostnadssänkningsprojekt