This dissertation considers the intersection of aurality and visuality in seventeenth-century New Spanish poet Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz’s (1648/1651-95) acoustico-poetic discourse. Prior scholarship has focused either on the author’s engagement with Western music theory and compositional practices or else the role of musical references in her works. This has resulted in the marginalization of Sor Juana’s engagement with sound through disciplines that are not strictly musical or poetic, including: acoustics, cognitive theory and visual art. I address these lacunae by considering such concepts as echo, reflection, Ear, Voice, musica poetica (links between music and rhetoric) and musical pathos within the poet’s canon. Throughout my readings, Athanasius Kircher’s encyclopedic musical treatises— Musurgia universalis (1650) and Phonurgia nova (1673), both of which circulated within New Spain during Sor Juana’s lifetime—stand out as important sources by which such ideas were transmitted. My approach sharpens extant scholarship on these topics and identifies two new influences within Sor Juana’s poetic world: Aristotelian theories of cognition and Kircher’s unique position on musica poetica. More generally, this dissertation engages emerging scholarship on Ear in the early modern world and thus responds to the critical limits of ocularcentrism.

Fueron necesarios casi tres siglos de intérpretes de la vida y obra Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz para que la crítica abrace un justo medio y se aproxime a un análisis histórico y documental que asuma el intento de librarse de prejuicios ideológicos. Previamente, dos opciones habían teñido las páginas sobre la monja jerónima. Su obra había sido leída casi hagiográficamente desde Diego Calleja o como el testimonio de una figura rebelde y heterodoxa desde Dorothy Schons; como el sacrosanto conflicto de un alma que en los últimos años de su vida abrazó la santidad o como el atrevimiento de un personaje disidente e inusual. Estas inversas e incompatibles consideraciones sobre Sor Juana fueron fomentadas por los intentos de esclarecimiento de los oscuros años finales de su vida, su súbita renuncia a sus libros y aparatos científicos. / Tesis

abstract: In this work we review certain biographical and historical data concerning Sor Juana and María Luisa, Condesa de Paredes. In addition, we have chosen Ovillejos 214, Romance 61, Redondillas 90 and 91 as poems that provides important insight into their relationship of patronage and friendship. In order to delineate theoretically both aspects of this relationship --the public and the personal-- we make use of the concept of ekphrasis proposed by Frederick de Armas. This concept is applied to the analysis of Romance 61, which is in the tradition of the lyrical Petrarchan portrait. Redondillas 90 and 91 are examined from the theoretical perspective of Cicero's amicitia, which serves to define an alternative model of feminine amicitia. In constructing this model, we review the written criticism surrounding María de Zayas' comedy, La traición en la amistad (1635). This criticism insists on a certain configuration of feminine friendship necessary for understanding the relationship between the two women. As is demonstrated in the analysis of the poems, the two women developed a mutual and permanent affection for one another until the death of Sor Juana in 1695. The Condesa de Paredes also provided practical support to Sor Juana for the publication of her first book, Inundación castálida (1689), which launched her to literary fame. To date there have been no critical studies that apply the concepts of ekphrasis and feminine friendship to the study of anecdotal clues found in the poems of Sor Juana for analyzing the nature of her relationship with the Condesa. This is the contribution of the present work. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Spanish 2014

Submitted by Marta Toyoda (1144061@mackenzie.br) on 2017-01-18T19:16:19Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Danielli de Cassia Morelli Pedrosa.pdf: 2079634 bytes, checksum: 846ea2209354e4cbae7389937695fa9a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Amarante (1146629@mackenzie.br) on 2017-02-07T18:24:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Danielli de Cassia Morelli Pedrosa.pdf: 2079634 bytes, checksum: 846ea2209354e4cbae7389937695fa9a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T18:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Danielli de Cassia Morelli Pedrosa.pdf: 2079634 bytes, checksum: 846ea2209354e4cbae7389937695fa9a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-17 / This work aims at analyzing the play Los Empeños de una Casa by the mexican poet and dramatist Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, more specifically the aspects to female imagery contained in the text, the concepts of the love theme used in the composition of this plot and how the baroque aesthetic contributed to the development of Sor Juana’s work. Therefore, was made in the first chapter a conceptual revival of baroque aesthetic, starting from its mains concepts and relevant manifestations, both in literature and in Spanish baroque theater, essential for the analysis of the text, as well as the baroque expressions in Latin America. At the end of the chapter there is a direction to the critical fortune of Sor Juana´s theatrical work. The second chapter introduces a study of aspects of Sor Juana’s life and work. The third chapter was designed to discuss the piece itself, through an understanding able to contain al the diversity of the work, characteristically baroque, including all minor works that composes the text. In the fourth and final chapter, tha analysis was directed to the elected central themes for discuss, that presents a new female representation conceived by the poet, and also some elements of the philosophy of love understood by her work. / Este trabalho visa a analisar a peça teatral Los Empeños de una Casa da poetisa e dramaturga mexicana sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, especialmente os aspectos ligados ao imaginário feminino contidos na obra, as concepções da temática do amor utilizadas na composição deste enredo e a forma como a estética barroca contribui para o desenvolvimento da obra de sor Juana. Para tanto, realizou-se no primeiro capítulo uma retomada conceitual da estética barroca, partindo de suas principais conceituações e manifestações relevantes para a análise do texto. O segundo capítulo introduz um estudo de aspectos da vida e da obra de sor Juana, buscando dialogar com suas principais produções literárias e construindo uma compreensão ampla, algo fundamental para uma análise eficiente da obra. O terceiro capítulo foi destinado à análise da peça, propriamente dita, através de uma compreensão capaz de conter toda a diversidade da obra, caracteristicamente barroca. No quarto e último capítulo, direcionou-se a discussão para os temas centrais eleitos para a análise.

This M.A. thesis consists of a close-textual reading of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz’s four sets of villancicos dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary (1676, 1679, 1685 and 1690), with a special focus on Sor Juana’s marianism and a contrast with Juan Correa’s painting, La Asunción de la Virgen (1689). This thesis will cover Sor Juana’s innovation in her representation of Mary as a model of femininity, Mary’s creative abilities, the crowning of Mary, Mary as a dwelling for God, Sor Juana’s feminization of the divine, Mary’s Assumption itself, masculine aspects and professions attributed to Mary, and Sor Juana’s identification with the Virgen.

Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz se destacó por ser una mujer intelectual que durante su época ingresó en el mundo masculino del conocimiento y rompió con varias convenciones sociales. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar cómo la crítica literaria va adquiriendo nuevas perspectivas a medida que nuevas corrientes ideológicas, sociales y políticas se van desarrollando. Basándonos en tres lecturas modernas de la Respuesta a Sor Filotea de la Cruz de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz y apoyándonos en la teoría de la recepción, intentaremos señalar la influencia que discursos modernos, más concretamente pensamientos feministas, han tenido en las lecturas de esta carta. Partiendo de la base de que se hacen distintas lecturas de un texto dependiendo de la época en la que se lee, haremos un análisis de texto para determinar como tres lecturas modernas de los escritores Octavio Paz, Jean Franco y Meri Torras reciben esta carta de Sor Juana Inés. La hipótesis de este trabajo es que las lecturas modernas de la Respuesta a Sor Filotea de la Cruz están influenciadas por corrientes modernas feministas. Estas influencias convierten a la Respuesta en un texto feminista escrito por la mano de una feminista, a pesar de que dicha corriente política no existía en la época en que fue producido el texto.

Este estudio se centra en las vidas de cinco mujeres mexicanas—Malintzin, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Leona Vicario, Rosario Castellanos y Julieta Venegas—de cinco etapas históricas diferentes de México—la Conquista, el Virreinato de Nueva España, la lucha por la independencia, la modernidad y lo contemporáneo—al estudiar el uso que cada figura hace de su “Voz” según la época. Empieza presentando y descomponiendo el concepto de “malinchismo” revisando los detalles reconocidos de la vida de Malintzin/doña Marina/la Malinche. Después, continúa con un resumen de ciertos aspectos interesantes de las vidas de cada figura, empezando con Sor Juana y concluyendo con Julieta Venegas. En cada capítulo hay un análisis del uso de la Voz por medio de obras asociadas con cada figura. En cuanto a Malintzin, es necesario revisar las crónicas en las que ella aparece como protagonista. En el capítulo de Sor Juana, analizo principalmente los villancicos escritos para la celebración de la Asunción de 1676 y su defensa personal, la “Respuesta de la poetisa a Sor Filotea de la Cruz”. Al estudiar a Leona Vicario, comento ciertos datos de la biografía escrita por Genaro García en 1910, quizás la biografía más completa de la heroína hasta el día de hoy, y luego incorporo comunicados escritos por la misma Leona Vicario. Para Rosario Castellanos, he escogido el cuento “Lección de cocina,” el ensayo “Y las madres, ¿qué opinan?” y la obra de teatro El eterno femenino. Luego, para terminar el estudio, analizo la letra de las canciones compuestas por Julieta Venegas, además de su uso de la voz y su imagen pública por medio de entrevistas. This study focuses on the life of five Mexican women—Malintzin, Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, Leona Vicario, Rosario Castellanos y Julieta Venegas—from five time periods of Mexican History—la Conquista, el Virreinato de Nueva España, la lucha por la independencia, la modernidad y lo contemporáneo—in order to study the use of "Voice" by each subject in relation to their respective time periods. It begins by presenting the concepts of "Malinchismo" y "Marianismo," revisiting the recorded details of the life of Malintzin/doña Marina/la Malinche. Then it continues with a summary of certain interesting aspects of the lives of each of the selected subjects, from Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz to the contemporary singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas. In each chapter there is an analysis of the use of "Voice" by means of works associated with each subject. In connection with Malintzin, it is necessary to review the chronicles in which the young indigenous translator appears as a protagonist. In the chapter about Sor Juana, the analysis centers around the villancicos written to celebrate "la Asunción de 1676" and the personal defense written by Sor Juana, "La Respuesta de la poetisa a Sor Filotea de la Cruz." In order to study Leona Vicario, the use of biographic information gathered from Genaro García informs the contemporary image of Vicario, later complimented by writings Vicario published in her own defense. For Rosario Castellanos, the short story "Lección de cocina," the essay "Y las madres, ¿qué opinan?," and the play El eterno femenino serve as the focus. An analysis of certain compositions by singer-songwriter Julieta Venegas concludes the study alongside the presentation of certain biographical details about her gathered from a variety of interviews.

Fueron necesarios casi tres siglos de intérpretes de la vida y obra Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz para que la crítica abrace un justo medio y se aproxime a un análisis histórico y documental que asuma el intento de librarse de prejuicios ideológicos. Previamente, dos opciones habían teñido las páginas sobre la monja jerónima. Su obra había sido leída casi hagiográficamente desde Diego Calleja o como el testimonio de una figura rebelde y heterodoxa desde Dorothy Schons; como el sacrosanto conflicto de un alma que en los últimos años de su vida abrazó la santidad o como el atrevimiento de un personaje disidente e inusual. Estas inversas e incompatibles consideraciones sobre Sor Juana fueron fomentadas por los intentos de esclarecimiento de los oscuros años finales de su vida, su súbita renuncia a sus libros y aparatos científicos.

Considering that during the Baroque there was arguably nothing more enigmatic than the emblematic tradition, this thesis discusses how emblems played a role in the configuration of subjectivities in New Spain and, more precisely, in their production of symbolic imagery. Through the analysis of the poetic, political, and philosophical functions of the 1680 Neptuno alegórico (Allegorical Neptune), this this study discusses the concepts of "emblem,"ekphrasis"," "syncretism," and "neoplatonic tradition" in one of the most rethorical and multifaceted texts of the humanist writer and Hieronymite nun sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (1648-1695). / Graduate / mplundin@gmail.com

This thesis addresses the epistolary work by Novo-Hispanic writer Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz to place it in the literary and discursive context of the end of the 17th Century. I will take as theoretical background the concepts of dialogism and the carnivalesque by Mikhail Bakhtin, as well as Michel De Certeau’s reflections on what he calls the practice of everyday life. Other aspects of my theoretical approach will be drawn from Michel Foucault’s concepts in The Archaeology of Knowledge; his ideas about power, knowledge and social control, which will be useful for contextually addressing Sor Juana’s work and that of her intellectual contemporaries. Particularly, I will analyse the circumstances in which these Novo-Hispanic discourses were produced. This contextualization will allow me to incorporate not only the cultural (everyday life) practices that surround the production of these texts, but also other less notable or unpublished documents written by some of Sor Juana’s contemporaries. My aim is to widen the discursive spectrum of authors and critics of the prose of this author, and to this end I make use of documents from the 17th Century as primary source. This thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first, I will place into context the Novo-Hispanic discourse and the generic forms of the time: sermon, satire, libel, letter and inquisitorial censure, and the function of ideological control exerted by the Novo-Hispanic Holy Office. In the second chapter I will make a textual and contextual revision of three epistolary documents by Sor Juana: Carta al Padre Nuñez (Letter to Father Nuñez, 1682), Carta Atenagórica (Letter Worthy of Athena, 1690) and Respuesta a Sor Filotea de la Cruz (Reply to Sor Filotea of the Cross, 1690); as well as the antecedents, development and the result of the critical-theological conflict caused by these private letters, their replies and other collateral documents, namely, Carta de Serafina de Cristo, and Carta de Filotea de la Cruz (1690). Both drafts of these letters, found in Puebla in 2010, will also be refered in this revision. In addition to this I will study Defensa del Sermón del Mandato (1691) and Discurso Apologético contra la Fe de Erratas de un Soldado Castellano (1691), documents found in Lima in 2002 and published in Mexico in 2004. The third chapter consists of the study of three contemporary preachers of Sor Juana: Francisco Xavier Palavicino Villarrasa, Pedro Muñoz de Castro and Pedro de Avendaño Suárez de Sousa, whose theological and literary activities were denounced by the Holy Office. My aim is to show the reach of inquisitorial control and its consequence on the writing and literary activities of the contemporary intellectuals of Sor Juana, to contextualize Sor Juana’s epistolary work and confront the possible isolation and singularization that may place her life and work apart from the kernel of the intellectual scene in the New Spain at the close of the 17th Century.