Thesis (Ph. D.)--Queen's University, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 208-243).

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Far East, Southeast Asia, The Pacific))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010. / Thesis Advisor(s): Miller, Alice L. ; Second Reader: Chakwin, Mark. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 15, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Confucianism, Confucian ideals and values, PLA modernization, PLA professionalization, PLA Core Military Values. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-60). Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Middle East, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010. / Thesis Advisor(s): Dahl, Erik J. Second Reader: Moran, Daniel J. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Piracy, Maritime Security, Regional Security Cooperation, Cooperative Security, Middle East, Southeast Asia, Gulf of Aden, Straits of Malacca, Maritime Capacity. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-116). Also available in print.

Thesis (M. A.)--University of Canterbury, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-133). Also available via the World Wide Web.

As sites of global environmental degradation continue to emerge and pose significant threats to life on the planet, the world's natural resource managers persist in attempts to mitigate and reverse this degradation. While approaches to conservation have evolved over the years to include locals in the policy-making process, the experiences of those policies by locals - once in place - are often overlooked. This dissertation examines the socioeconomic and political changes associated with conservation projects from the perspectives and experiences of the people most affected by these projects. Through 128 individual interviews, 25 focus group discussions, and participant observation, I compare two approaches to Irrawaddy dolphin conservation: one in Myanmar that focuses on preservation of livelihoods and the other in Cambodia that focuses on economic development. I endeavor to bring local experiences and perceptions of these projects to the forefront to examine their impacts on livelihoods and to help identify potential gaps in policy intentions and effects. I also draw on political ecology theory to assess and critique the relationship of capitalism to international conservation. After explaining the unique issues and barriers associated with this project, I lay out the direct socioeconomic and ecological effects of each conservation project by comparing participant experiences and perceptions of the projects with those of conservation officials. I then compare conservation projects to examine the indirect effects of each approach. I trace the pathway of the capitalist conception of nature as commodities upward from 'developed' countries to its global institutionalization through the process of eco-governmentality and then downward to 'developing' countries through the delivery system of NGO governmentality. I explain how Myanmar blocked this delivery system while Cambodia embraced it and attribute the apparent shift from a 'communal ideology' to a 'consumerist ideology' in Cambodia, and lack of such a shift in Myanmar, to these opposing tactics. I then focus on the capitalist approach to conservation in Cambodia and show how this approach has led to the subsequent exacerbation of environmental and social problems it intended to fix. Lastly, I offer specific recommendations for each project, as well for international conservation in general, based on findings.

In 1898 the Philippines became a colony of the United States, the result of American economic expansion throughout the nineteenth century. Having been granted independence in 1946, the nominally sovereign Republic of the Philippines remained inextricably linked to the US through restrictive legislation, military bases, and decades of political and socio-economic patronage. In America’s closest developing world ally, and showcase of democratic values, Filipino President Ferdinand Marcos installed a brutal dictatorship in 1972, dramatically marking the end of democracy there. US foreign policy, from the inception of the US-Philippine partnership, failed to substantially resolve endemic poverty and elite political domination. During the Cold War, the discourse through which State Department policy was conceived helped perpetuate these unequal conditions, whilst also at times explicitly encouraging authoritarian solutions to domestic problems. As the Cold War escalated through the 1960s, especially in Vietnam, US officials insisted the Philippines provide military and ideological solidarity with US Cold War objectives at the expense of effectively addressing the roots of domestic instability. The Philippine example serves as the clearest case of the outcomes and impact of US foreign policy across the developing world, and thus must be considered an essential starting point when considering the United States’ Cold War experience. Based on extensive primary research from across the United Kingdom and the United States, this thesis re-examines and re-connects the historiography of colonialism, neo-colonialism, Southeast Asia, and Cold War studies. Nowhere did the US have such a long and intimate history of influence and partnerships than in the Philippines, and yet Marcos’s regime emerged there; this dissertation presents an analytical lens through which to measure the role of US foreign policy in creating a dictatorship.

abstract: Positive Youth Development (PYD) programs include intentional efforts by peers, adults, communities, schools, and organizations to provide opportunities for youth to increase their skills, abilities, and interests in positive activities. The goal of PYD is to provide positive outcomes where youth are viewed as resources to be developed rather than problems to be managed. Future generations rely on youth as active contributing members of society and PYD programs promote sustainable futures for young individuals and the community. PYD programs started in the United States and grew out of interest in prevention programs targeting risky behavior of youth. Interest is growing in expanding PYD programs internationally as they may promote resilient characteristics and sustainable life skills. In particular, and one focus area of this dissertation, interest is growing in rural Asia. However, given the interdisciplinary nature of PYD programs, there are no standard assessment metrics or tools in place. Without standards, comparing PYD programs effectively is impossible. Within this dissertation, in four papers, I 1) develop a universal PYD assessment tool, the Positive Youth Development Sustainability Scale (PYDSS), 2) apply the PYDSS to two PYD programs in rural Thailand as a quantitative analysis, 3) use the categories of the PYDSS as a coding guide for qualitative analysis of two PYD programs in rural Thailand, and 4) assess a PYD program in the Phoenix-metro area that integrates physical activity, academics, and ethics. Results indicate that the PYDSS can be applied to PYD programs in both Thailand and Phoenix and that a mixed methods approach is a suggested form or data collection. My research could lead to the further improvement of current PYD programs and their intervention role, while also promoting universal PYD assessment techniques that support sustainable impacts on youth as a result of program intervention and design. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Sustainability 2017

This study researches the issue of child prostitution in the Southeast Asia region. Child prostitution is a horrible phenomenon which is affecting millions of children worldwide and lives on despite the world’s knowledge about it and a lot of actors fighting to end it. The study is questioning which factors that contributes to child prostitution in four different countries and the conclusion will show which factors that are present in all these countries. The study is an abductive qualitative desk study with the method of structured focused comparison. The method was used by asking the same questions to the different cases for the purpose of finding similarities between them. The method by George and Bennet (2005) is especially used when the aim is to conclude a possible systematic comparison of different cases. The research is based on primary, secondary and tertiary sources, most of them being peer-reviewed texts but some sources from media is used when looking for relevant events and numbers. The findings have been analyzed by an own created analytical framework, which was formed from earlier research findings and conclusion and were later tested on the different cases. This was done to establish which factors that drives child prostitution the countries have in common. The analysis of the findings in this study suggest that there are various factors contributing to child prostitution, both cultural, political, socioeconomic and environmental. The countries problem with high corruption, norms and traditions posing women as subservient to men, widespread poverty and frequently natural disasters are all factors that contributes to child prostitution.

Submitted by Elesbão Santiago Neto (neto10uepb@cche.uepb.edu.br) on 2018-03-27T19:10:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Renally Késsia Paiva Nascimento.pdf: 61927714 bytes, checksum: 7b0ab1844454d841095f7d981085019b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-27T19:10:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PDF - Renally Késsia Paiva Nascimento.pdf: 61927714 bytes, checksum: 7b0ab1844454d841095f7d981085019b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-22 / CAPES / In 2014, satellites from the Philippines identified construction of large artificial structures by China on seven reefs on the disputed Spratly Islands, in the south China sea. It was the beginning of what would be called reef-islandization or construction of artificial islands. These structures are being designed to meet civil demands and for military purposes. As for this latter utility of artificial constructions, China has promoted a vague discourse, which in turn has contributed to escalating suspicions and tensions, which has drawn the attention of the world to Southeast Asia. Given this scenario, this paper aims to understand if the artificial islands are a risk response of China to the regional security dynamics of Southeast Asia. Through this, three specific objectives will be presented: to investigate which antecedent factors had the causal force to make China adopt the policy of construction of the artificial islands; Understand the prospect theory and its main definitions, and the functionality of the model of political legitimation; Describe what these artificial constructions are and what their role in China's territorial politics. The research is based on a qualitative methodology whose line of elaboration will be developed through two tools: descriptive and explanatory-exploratory. In addition to this, bibliographic tools will be used. In short, the dissertation will be worked over three chapters: in the first chapter a review of the literature on territorial disputes and prospect theory; the second chapter will address the context of artificial constructions and how China perceives itself within these territorial disputes.. Based on the analysis of the need to avoid future losses, the third chapter will address how China's dissatisfaction with the status quo of the dispute in the South China Sea led the country to accept risk policies in order to Change the dynamics of this territorial game. / Em 2014, satélites das Filipinas identificaram a construção de grandes estruturas artificiais pela China, em sete recifes, nas disputadas ilhas Spratly, no mar do sul da China. Era o começo do que se chamaria de reef-islandization ou construção de ilhas artificiais. Estas estruturas estão sendo projetadas a fim de atender, tanto demandas civis quanto militares. Para a esta última utilidade das construções artificiais, a China, tem promovido uma justificativa vaga, o que por sua vez tem contribuído para escalada de desconfianças e tensões, que tem atraído a atenção do mundo para o sudeste asiático. Diante deste cenário, o presente trabalho objetiva compreender se as ilhas artificiais são uma resposta de risco da China à dinâmica de segurança regional do sudeste asiático. Mediante a isto, três objetivos específicos serão apresentados: investigar quais fatores antecedentes tiveram força causal para fazer com que a China adotasse a política de construção das ilhas artificiais; entender a teoria do prospecto e suas principais definições, e a funcionalidade do modelo de legitimação política; descrever o que são essas construções artificiais e qual seu papel na política territorial da China. A pesquisa está pautada em uma metodologia qualitativa cuja linha de elaboração será desenvolvida através de duas ferramentas: descritiva e explicativo-exploratória. Somado a isto, serão utilizados instrumentos bibliográficos. Em suma, a dissertação será trabalhada ao longo de três capítulos: no primeiro capítulo será apresentadateoria do prospecto; o segundo capítulo abordará o contexto das construções artificiais e como a China se percebe no cenário de disputa atual. Partindo da analise de que se fazia necessário evitar futuras perdas à legitimidade do país, o terceiro capítulo abordará como a insatisfação da China frente ao status quo da disputa no sul do mar da China, conduziu o país a aceitar políticas de risco a fim de mudar a dinâmica deste jogo territorial.

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