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Marc Fagelson discusses how not just hearing loss, but tinnitus and hyperacusisand impairments to an individual’s ability to process music can adversely affect one’s quality of life, as well as their overall interactions from a societal and personal perspective. He explains the processes and anatomy underlying our music perception so that as clinicians we can be better advocates for our patients, thus enhancing their participation in music-related activities and preventing avoidance behaviours.

Given the increasingly growing elderly population, and the large number of young Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs), cultural competence regarding intergenerational ageism is a necessity. The current study aimed to discover whether SLP students are influenced by age-related stereotypes or judge communication objectively when assessing the language of older adults. First-year and second-year SLP graduate students evaluated narratives paired with images of older and younger adults on rating scales of language and communication. The results show that, although students primarily judge narratives based on quality, their language judgments are influenced by gender- and age-related stereotypes. Students judged males and females differently based on their age, with younger males rated worse overall. Students also appeared to lower their expectations when judging the language of older adults, suggesting that they expected poorer language skills to be more typical of older adults. The extent to which such biases may influence the students' communication with older adults is still unknown.

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 174 pages. / Thesis (M.S.)--University of South Florida, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: This study investigated the affiliation of prosody with childhood articulation disorders. The Tennessee Test of Rhythm and Intonation Patterns, T-TRIP (Koike & Asp, 1981), was used to determine if kindergartners with linguistic (i.e. phonological) speech disorders, oral-motor speech disorders, or normal speech performed differently on imitative prosody tasks. Performance was assessed perceptually with T-TRIP overall and subtest scores, and acoustically with measurements of individual prosodic variables (amplitude, duration, and fundamental frequency) on selected items from the rhythm and intonation subtests. Perceptual and acoustic data were examined for characteristic patterns of performance by individual subjects and by groups. A Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA of the perceptual scores revealed that the three groups performed differently on the T-TRIP rhythm, and intonation subtests, and on the total score. / ABSTRACT: Specifically, the oral-motor group had the lowest range of scores and was clearly separated from the other two groups. No group cut-off scores were established since the linguistic group's scores slightly overlapped the control groups' range of scores. Acoustic results generally supported the findings of earlier studies of stress and intonation. Correct responses contained a wide selection of acoustic patterns, while incorrect responses consisted of error patterns resembling those of younger children. Subjects with speech disorders demonstrated several characteristic error patterns: linguistic subjects tended to add syllables and to lexicalize items, while oral-motor subjects tended to delete syllables and to convert iambic stress into trochaic. Overall, whether T-TRIP responses were examined by perceptual or acoustic methods, the oral-motor group's imitative prosody ability was significantly different than the other groups' performance. / ABSTRACT: The clinical implications of this finding are that the T-TRIP has the potential to be used as a screening tool to identify subjects whose difficulties with imitative prosody are consistent with oral-motor speech disorders, specifically DVD. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

This study investigated the cross-cultural and intracultural diversity of Anglo-American and Mexican-American individual’s beliefs regarding nine child rearing variables. Eleven Mexican-American and ten Anglo-American students at the University of Texas at Austin completed a questionnaire. Results indicated that when compared to Anglo-American participants, Mexican-American participants provided more collectivistic-oriented answers for two of the nine child rearing variables. Furthermore, Mexican-American participants were more likely than their parents to hold more individualistic-oriented values for three of nine child rearing variables. Clinical implications of the findings are discussed. / text

Many articles have addressed effective school-based dysphagia management practices. There is not a defined best practice plan available for speech-language pathologists, as the information is spread among various published articles. Four optimal outcomes and the most relevant management suggestions to help guarantee achievement of these outcomes are described. Sufficient information found from published articles describes the areas of referral, team responsibilities, assessment, Individualized Education Plan formulation, and treatment in school-based dysphagia management. This information, along with additional suggestions not frequently mentioned in the articles was added to a proposed school-based dysphagia management model. This model is intended for use as a guide for speech-language pathologists in the schools who do not have a management plan available for use. / text

Ten male and 10 female participants were presented with six narrative paragraphs and six 10 word lists. Three of the paragraphs were emotional and three were neutral. Each of the paragraphs contained 20 information units and each word list included five neutral and five emotional words. Immediately following paragraph or word list presentation, the participants were asked to recall the stimuli. The mean percent of emotional units (i.e. units of information recalled from emotional paragraphs) recalled was significantly greater than the mean percent of neutral units recalled. Similarly, the mean percent emotional words recalled from word lists was significantly greater than the mean percent neutral words recalled from word lists. Percent recall was significantly greater for words than for paragraphs for both emotional and neutral stimuli. Results supported the hypothesis that emotional saliency increases verbal recall. / text

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how phonetic complexity influences the accuracy and rate of speech production in adults who do (AWS, N=15) and do not stutter (AWNS, N=15). Target words were characterized according to high phonetic complexity (HIPC) and low phonetic complexity (LIPC), and were controlled for lexical influences such as word frequency and neighborhood density. It was hypothesized that if phonetic complexity influenced speech production, there would be a difference in reaction time and accuracy for AWS during the HIPC condition. Method: Participants produced two rounds of 40 target words corresponding to specific line drawings, during a confrontational naming task. Speech reaction time (SRT) was recorded from initial presentation of picture, and fluency and accuracy of production were coded for each target. Results: There was no significant difference in SRT according to HIPC and LIPC for either AWS or AWNS. AWS participants had slower SRT recorded compared to AWNS for all conditions tested. There was no relationship found between HIPC and increased moments of disfluency. Accuracy of target word production decreased during LIPC words. Conclusion: Phonetic complexity does not affect rate or fluency of speech production for either AWS or AWNS. While there is no difference in phonetic complexity measures, AWS are consistently slower than AWNS across both groups of target productions. Increased errors for both groups on LIPC target words may indicate a motor component to accuracy of speech production. / text

Orientador: Cecilia Guarnieri Batista / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T17:38:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zerbeto_AmandaBrait_M.pdf: 785442 bytes, checksum: 19d72a3f0132d6216c11548fc3ed143f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Na Clínica Fonoaudiológica, a avaliação de linguagem é o processo que permite ao fonoaudiólogo caracterizar e analisar a linguagem da criança, e que fornece subsídios para a conduta a ser adotada pelo profissional. A abordagem sócio interacionista de aquisição de linguagem considera a linguagem como a atividade pela qual o sujeito constrói seu conhecimento de mundo. Linguagem e conhecimento do mundo passam pela mediação do outro, o interlocutor, com destaque para a relação dialógica no acesso ao simbólico. Dessa concepção de linguagem decorrem propostas de avaliação em contextos que permitam a observação dos diferentes aspectos da linguagem. Constituem exemplo disso as situações naturalísticas, preferencialmente em grupo, em que se propicia a interação da criança com diferentes interlocutores (adulto e crianças), e com atividades apropriadas à faixa etária das crianças - tipicamente situações de brincadeira. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi descrever aspectos e contribuições de uma proposta de avaliação de linguagem em situação naturalística e em grupo, de crianças entre 1:9 e 3:0 anos (projeto aprovado pelo CEP - Unicamp, protocolo 399/2011). Participaram do estudo nove crianças, avaliadas em três grupos de três participantes (um grupo com crianças sem queixas de linguagem e dois grupos composto por crianças encaminhadas com queixas de alterações de linguagem). Para cada grupo foram realizados quatro encontros videogravados, com duração entre 30 e 60 minutos cada, em que foram oferecidos brinquedos variados, sob a coordenação da pesquisadora. A partir dos dados coletados, foram elaborados relatórios individuais de avaliação da linguagem, com foco nos seguintes aspectos: pragmático-discursivo, semântico-lexical e fonético-fonológico. Constatou-se que produção oral das crianças se ampliou ao longo das sessões, ampliando as possibilidades de análise de diferentes aspectos da linguagem. Dentre estes, tiveram destaque os aspectos pragmático-discursivos, particularmente relevantes no caso das crianças com diagnósticos de alterações neurológicas e com pouca produção oral. As condutas sugeridas abrangeram desde sugestões educacionais (ex: matricular a criança na escola) até atendimentos por equipe interdisciplinar. O grupo se caracterizou como uma situação rica para a observação de linguagem. Entre os exemplos observados, podem ser citadas as interações com a pesquisadora, relacionadas à exploração de objetos e as interações entre crianças, com característica de partilha ou cooperação. Foram também observados exemplos de disputa de brinquedos, que, em alguns casos, constituíram o principal indicador do uso intencional da linguagem. O planejamento de quatro sessões de avaliação proporcionou maior familiaridade com a situação e permitiu mais oportunidades de observação dos diferentes aspectos da linguagem do que teria sido possível com um número reduzido de sessões. A avaliação de linguagem em situação naturalística e em contexto grupal contemplou os aspectos destacados pela abordagem sócio-interacionista. A adoção dessa proposta trouxe informações significativas para a definição da conduta a ser adotada nos diferentes casos encaminhados para avaliação fonoaudiológica / Abstract: Language assessment in the field of Speech Pathology is the process which aims the characterization of language and which gives support to professional decisions. Social interactionist theory of language acquisition claims that language is the activity by which the subject constructs its knowledge of the world. Language and knowledge of the world depend on the mediation of significant people, with focus on the dialogical relationship in the access to the symbolic world. This conception of language leads to assessment practices in contexts which allow the observation of different aspects of language. One example are naturalistic contexts, notably group situations, which propitiate the interaction of the child with different interlocutors (adult and children), and with activities appropriate to their age - typically play situations. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to describe aspects and contributions of a proposal of language assessment in group naturalistic situation, for children 1yr9mo - 3 years old (project approved by CEP - Ethical Committee - Unicamp, protocol 399/2011). The participants were nine children, assessed in three groups of three participants (one group with children without language problems and two groups with children referred to language assessment). Each group participated in four filmed 30 to 60 minute sessions, in which different toys were offered by the researcher. Individual reports of language assessment were elaborated, with focus on pragmatic-discursive, semantic-lexical and phoneticphonological aspects of language. It was observed that the oral production of the children was increased along the sessions, amplifying the possibilities of analysis of different aspects of language. It was possible to point out the pragmatic-discursive aspects of language, particularly relevant in the case of children with diagnoses of neurological alterations and with a no fluent and scarce oral production. The definitions after the assessment included an array of conducts, including educational practices (e.g. to enroll the child in the preschool) and treatment by interdisciplinary teams. The group situation provided a rich situation for the observation of language. The examples included instances of interaction with the researcher related to the exploration of objects and of cooperative interactions among children. Instances of competition for toys were, in some cases, the main indicator of the intentional use of language. The plan of four sessions of assessment lead to a greater familiarity with the situation and allowed more opportunities of observation of the different aspects of language than would be possible with a reduced number of sessions. The assessment of language in a naturalistic situation and in a group context comprised the aspects which are emphasized by the social interactionist theory. It also provided meaningful information to the definition of the conduct to be adopted in the different cases which were referred to Speech Pathology diagnosis / Mestrado / Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação / Mestra em Saúde, Interdisciplinaridade e Reabilitação

The purpose of this investigation was to analyze interns’ perceptions of what supervisors considered important supervisory behaviors and to compare those perceptions with what the supervisors considered important. Participants consisted of 33 interns and 23 supervisors. Results of two surveys collected in previous studies were compared and analyzed. Tihen’s (1983) “Tihen’s Student Expectations of their Clinical Supervisor(s) Scale” was used for the intern group. A modified version of the same scale was used for the supervisor group. The scale rated five domains: passive, evaluative, active, cooperative, and affective. Results revealed that interns ranked perceptions of what supervisors considered important supervisory behaviors as less important than what supervisors rated them. Supervisors rated all domains significantly higher than interns. Both groups considered the active domain to be the most important category and the passive domain to be the least important. Groups differed in their rankings for the affective, evaluative, and cooperative domains.