Magisterarbeit--Universität Hamburg, 1996. Titre de soutenance : Untersuchungen zu den sogenannten Hyksosmonumenten. / Bibliogr. p. 133-152.

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A social group of 37 mandrills, with composition resembling a wild group, maintained in a 5.3 ha enclosure of natural relict gallery forest at CIRMF, Gabon was studied over 29 months. The 14 wild-caught founders (7 adult females, 2 adult and 5 subadult males) were the subjects of detailed behavioural study (15 months, 1200+ hours observation). Mandrills were captured at least annually to obtain blood samples, data on body weight, dental and reproductive status, and testicular volume. Breeding was seasonal, with a 4-month mating season in which 92% of oestrous periods occurred. Oestrus synchrony was evident, with up to 5 females maximally swollen on any one day. Most (92%) copulations occurred at maximum swelling, with ejaculation in a single mount. 'Mate-guarding' of pen-ovulatory females by the alpha male involved sustained proximity to her and 'warning grunts' to other males. No herding behaviour was observed. Spatial, grooming, and agonistic relationships were examined in detail. During anoestrus, males were rarely near females; three males were never recorded allogrooming. The alpha male spent significantly more time close to anoestrous females, grooming with them significantly more than the other males. Females spent time near each other, groomed with their offspring, and gave three-quarters of their grooming to and received nearly all grooming from founder females. During oestrus, male-female proximity increased, females spent more time grooming, groomed with fewer age-sex classes, groomed mostly with male founders, and received more grooming from males. Stable, linear dominance hierarchies existed within each sex. Various aspects of mandrill biology - colouration, scent-marking, vocalisations - were interpreted as adaptations to ecological constraints of living semi-terrestrially in tropical forest. Results were used to assess models of single- and multi-male social organisation and male mating strategies. It was suggested that mandrills form one-male units, different from those of hamadryas and gelada baboons. Instead similarities with an Asian ecological analogue of the mandrill, the pig-tailed macaque, were emphasised.

The central part of the thesis consists of the chronological arrangement and discussion of the coin series struck by the Chian mint from the beginning of the Hellenistic period (c 332 BC) down to its demise during the late Roman Imperial period (c 270 AD). After establishing a sequence of issue for the individual series I consider other aspects of the coinage, such as patterns of issue, links with the economy, and developments in typology and denominations. These topics are presented and discussed in general chapters following that of the coin series. The study of coin typology has contributed to our knowledge of Chian society and economy of the period. For example the adoption and permanent use of sphinx type on the obverse of the coinage offered the opportunity to trace the development of the main civic symbol of an ancient Greek city over a continued period of six centuries. The wine amphora appearing on the reverse of most coins revealed that this jar was manufactured locally at Chios throughout the Roman period, which archaeology has failed to record. This finding has repercussions on our idea of contemporary Chian economy since it constitutes strong evidence that the export of wine -known to have been an important economic activity for Chios in earlier periods- continued after Roman domination. A separate chapter on the denominational system at Chios proved of particular importance for understanding the denominations used in the Eastern Greek world in general, since Chian coinage of the Roman period is one the few bearing marked denominational values. Numismatic findings have also contributed much to the meager information we have on the local history during Hellenistic and Roman periods. The last chapter discusses the Chian issues as economic objects and their circulation overseas. The study has established a link between the Chian trade pattern and foreign finds of this coinage during the same period.

Šiuolaikiniame pasaulyje vis daugiau žmonių naudoja išmaniuosius telefonus, kurie perima vis daugiau su kompiuterio atliekamo darbo (el. pašto tikrinimas, apsipirkimas internetu ir t.t.). Šiuose įrenginiuose vis daugiau funkcijų galima atlikti balsu (atidaryti programėles ir kt.), tačiau kol kas tik anglų ir keletu kitų kalbų. Todėl šiame darbe bus nagrinėjamas lietuvių kalbos atpažinimo uždavinys iOS platformai (viena iš pagrindinių išmaniųjų telefonų ir planšetinių kompiuterių platformų), kuri yra naudojama mobiliuose Apple įrenginiuose. Šiame darbe nagrinėjamas CMU Sphinx ir Julius bibliotekų panaudojimas iOS įrenginiuose atpažįstant lietuvių kalbą. Tyrimui buvo sukurtas LSR karkasas paslepiantis CMU Sphinx ir Julius bibliotekų realizacijos ypatumus po Objective-C kalbos sąsaja. Tyrimui buvo naudojamas skaičių nuo 0 iki 9 garsynas ir analizuota, koks atpažinimo tikslumas ir greitaveika yra su tokiu nedideliu 10 žodžių žodynu atpažįstant pavienius skaičius. / Nowadays more and more people use smartphones which replaces more word done with personal computer (e-mail checking, e-shopping, etc.). In these devices more and more functions could be done with voice (open apps and other), but still only in english and some other languages. Therefore, in out work we will investigate Lithuanian speech recognition task in iOS (one of the major smartphones and tablets platforms), which runs in Apple's mobile devices. In this work we investigate CMU Sphinx and Julius libraries use in iOS devices for Lithuanian speech recognition. For this task LSR framework was created which encapsulated CMU Sphinx and Julius realisation nuances under Objective-C interfaces. Experiments were performed with numbers from 0 to 9 corpus and recognition accuracy and speed were investigated.

Le régime alimentaire est un élément clé de l’écologie des espèces et dépend à la fois des besoins nutritionnels des individus et des ressources alimentaires disponibles. Ainsi, les stratégies alimentaires peuvent varier en fonction de l’âge, du sexe ou de l’état physiologique des individus, mais également de paramètres environnementaux et, en particulier, de la saisonnalité. Reconstruire le régime alimentaire d’espèces cryptiques ou difficiles à observer en milieu naturel nécessite l’emploi de marqueurs capables de détecter les variations du régime alimentaire sur le court terme. L’analyse des patrons de micro-usures dentaires et des ratios d’isotopes stables du carbone et de l’azote constitue une approche pertinente pour distinguer le régime alimentaire entre différentes espèces ou entre populations. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons évalué le pouvoir prédictif de ces deux types de marqueurs sur les variations saisonnières et interindividuelles du régime alimentaire dans une population naturelle de mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) sur laquelle des données comportementales étaient disponibles. Conformément aux comportements alimentaires observés, les patrons de micro-usures dentaires et les signatures isotopiques varient en fonction de la saison, de l’âge et du sexe des individus. L’ensemble de nos résultats nous indique que la diversité importante d’aliments consommés à faible fréquence par les mandrills ne peut être détectée par les marqueurs analysés qui semblent être, en revanche, pertinents pour identifier des changements significatifs de consommation d’aliments majoritaires tels que les fruits et les feuilles. Enfin, les signatures isotopiques varient en fonction du cycle reproducteur des femelles et de leur rang de dominance, nous indiquant que l’utilisation de tels marqueurs peut permettre la mise en évidence d’aspects de la physiologie des individus non reportés par des observations comportementales. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse apportent des données de référence essentielles pour la reconstruction du régime alimentaire d’espèces éteintes partageant des traits communs avec le mandrill, telles que des primates généralistes de forêts tropicales. / Diet is a critical factor of species’ ecology and depends on both individuals’ nutritional needs and availability of their food resources. As such, feeding strategies may vary with age, sex or physiological condition of the individuals but also depend on environmental factors and, in particular, seasonality. In cryptic species and those that are difficult to observe in their natural habitat, diet reconstruction requires the use of proxies with the ability to detect dietary variations over the short term. Analyses of dental microwear patterns along with carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes constitute a relevant approach to discriminate between diets of different species or populations. In the framework of this thesis, we assessed the predictive power of these two proxies on seasonal and inter-individual variations of diet in a natural population of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) for which behavioural data was available. According to the feeding behaviours observed, dental microwear patterns and isotopic signatures vary depending on the season as well as individual’s age and sex. Taken together our results indicate that the large diversity of rarely consumed food items cannot be detected by the proxies analysed, which are however, relevant to identify significant changes in the consumption of major foods such as fruits and leaves. Finally, isotopic signatures vary across females’ reproductive statuses and dominance ranks, indicating that the use of those proxies may allow the highlighting of some aspects of individuals’ physiology not detected by behavioural observations. The results presented in this thesis provide a baseline data essential for dietary reconstruction of extinct species sharing similar traits with mandrills, such as generalist primates from tropical forests.

La protection du patrimoine culturel évolue constamment depuis 1945 sous l'impulsion des politiques de l'Unesco. En 1978, l'organisation instaure un comité chargé de faciliter le retour de biens culturels aux États spoliés par le pillage, le trafic illicite ou une occupation étrangère. Dès ses premières années d'activité, le Comité intergouvernemental reçoit de nombreuses demandes de restitution provenant de pays de la région méditerranéenne. Parmi ces derniers, la Turquie se trouve doublement impliquée. Alors qu'elle entame des pourparlers avec l'Allemagne pour la récupération de trésors hittites exilés à Berlin depuis 1917, elle est aussi dénoncée par les Chypriotes --grecs pour le pillage culturel de Chypre du Nord qu'elle occupe depuis 1974. L'étude de ces litiges permet d'étudier trois aspects précis de l'histoire des biens culturels. Ils permettent d'abord de mesurer le degré d'intégration des idées de protection du patrimoine promues par l'Unesco, en Turquie, en Allemagne et à Chypre. Ils permettent ensuite de réaliser une étude spécifique des objets emblématiques réclamés (le Sphinx de Bogazkdy et les Mosaïques de Kanakaria ), tout en présentant la façon dont des objets culturels peuvent avoir une place importante dans la construction des identités nationales et des discours politiques. Finalement ces deux litiges aux enjeux particulièrement complexes, offrent la possibilité d'étudier les succès du Comité intergouvernemental instauré par l'Unesco, autant que de cerner ses limites à travers les difficultés rencontrées dans la gestion des négociations jusqu'en 2000.

The catalpa sphinx, Ceratomia catalpae, is a specialist on Catalpa trees, which produce iridoid glycosides (IGs). Whereas some trees are defoliated every year, others escape herbivory. Caterpillar populations are either heavily parasitized by the braconid wasp, Cotesia congregata, or remain unparasitized. We hypothesized that these patterns could be explained by variable IG concentrations among trees and insect responses to these chemicals. IG concentrations varied among trees. Percent defoliation was positively related to IG concentration. In comparisons of insect responses to relatively high or low IG concentrations, moths preferred to oviposit on trees with high IG concentrations. Caterpillars did not display a feeding preference nor did wasps differ in searching responses to leaf discs with high or low IG concentrations. Results indicate that observed patterns of herbivory can be explained by moth oviposition preferences for trees with high IG concentrations.

This report has conducted a research of comparing a few open source search engines. The research contains two evaluation processes, the first evaluation will evaluate each open source search engine found on today’s market. Points will be given between one to five points depending on how well the open source search engine meets the requirements. The open source search engine with the highest score will then be chosen for implementation. The first evaluation resulted in Elasticsearch being the selected open source search engine and will continue to the implementation phase. The second evaluation will be measuring the system performance and the relevance of the SERP (Search Engine Results Pages). This phase will evaluate the system performance by taking time measurements on how long it takes for the search engines to deliver the SERP. The relevance of the search results will be judge by a group of CSN employers. The group will be giving point be-tween one to five points depending on the relevance of the SERP. It will eval-uate Elasticsearch with the search engine CSN are using today on their web-site (www.csn.se). This phase resulted in Elasticsearch being the better in performance measurements but not in the relevance of the SERP. This was discussed and came to the conclusion that most points were lost because of the first search result Elasticsearch delivered. If this search result was re-moved Elasticsearch could deliver as good results as the old search engine. The survey came to the conclusion that Elasticsearch is recommended for CSN if certain problem areas could be corrected before implementation into their systems.

Proefschrift Maastricht. / Auteursnaam op omslag: Ad van Iterson. Lit. opg.: p. 181-194. - Met samenvatting in het Engels.