Since the fifteenth century the rise of capitalism and the expansion of global trade networks have ensured that a wide range of consumer goods has become available to people from all walks of life. Paralleling these developments, our attitudes and beliefs about consumer goods have also changed: goods that were once considered luxuries have become commonplace in domestic households. This study celebrates the diversity of this material culture and the variety of symbolic meanings people attach to it. The US – China trade, as a facet of the Spice Trade, is inextricably linked to the development of capitalism and long-distance shipping that ensured the movement of consumer goods to markets around the world. Inevitably, many of these ships sank and archaeologically their cargoes and the artifacts associated with their crew provide an opportunity to glimpse the development of our modern world. This thesis uses the shipwreck Frolic (1850) as a case study to discuss how those involved in, and those who were supplied through, this trade used a range of consumer goods to construct distinct identities for themselves and those around them. This study also draws on a wide variety of source material, including material culture (museum collections and archaeological assemblages), images and documentary sources (courtesy literature and newspapers) to paint a broader picture of the US – China trade and consumer society than any one source is capable of doing itself. This study ultimately argues that the range in consumer goods associated with the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century US – China trade is symptomatic of the increasing complexity of consumer markets able to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of a wide array of consumer identities, necessary under the many new social, economic and ideological relationships constructed under capitalism.

Univ, Diss.--Kiel., 2007.

Thesis (M.App.Sc.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-121). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1992. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-85). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Zugl.: Erlangen, Nürnberg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2008.

abstract: Great advances have been made in the construction of photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules, but array level management remains much the same as it has been in previous decades. Conventionally, the PV array is connected in a fixed topology which is not always appropriate in the presence of faults in the array, and varying weather conditions. With the introduction of smarter inverters and solar modules, the data obtained from the photovoltaic array can be used to dynamically modify the array topology and improve the array power output. This is beneficial especially when module mismatches such as shading, soiling and aging occur in the photovoltaic array. This research focuses on the topology optimization of PV arrays under shading conditions using measurements obtained from a PV array set-up. A scheme known as topology reconfiguration method is proposed to find the optimal array topology for a given weather condition and faulty module information. Various topologies such as the series-parallel (SP), the total cross-tied (TCT), the bridge link (BL) and their bypassed versions are considered. The topology reconfiguration method compares the efficiencies of the topologies, evaluates the percentage gain in the generated power that would be obtained by reconfiguration of the array and other factors to find the optimal topology. This method is employed for various possible shading patterns to predict the best topology. The results demonstrate the benefit of having an electrically reconfigurable array topology. The effects of irradiance and shading on the array performance are also studied. The simulations are carried out using a SPICE simulator. The simulation results are validated with the experimental data provided by the PACECO Company. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2011

Alagoana agroflowerculture demonstrates the articulate necessity in the producting clain segments; in order to reduce the costs with insumes like mineral epices, thate represent a significative percentage. The really used managing protects the improvement of the production, but yet there is a lack of special studies abut nutricional standard and informations. This search has had as objective, avaliate the components as production from H. Golden Torch. The experiment was realized in Federal Acrotecnic School. We adapted the experimental delineation in happened blocks, with treatments and five repetition. T1 (Test); T2 (AM); T3 (EGY); T4 (CF); T5 (TF); T6 (CLU), T7 (EG+AM); T8 (CF+AM); T9 (TF+AM) and T10 (CLU+AM). We measure and avaliat variables. Affiliats Number (NPT); stem number(NHF);Length of stem (CHf); diameter of the stem (DHF), Length of the bractea (CB); number of the leaves (NFl) and the follicle area (AFh). The obtained results with the orthogonal contrasts dice showed that contrasts from (T3 to T6) Ks, (T7 to T10) presented 89,3 affiliates less than organominerals treatments. In the contrast (1), treatments didn t manured (Test) with 64,0 floral stems were inferior from medium of all manured treatments. To the stem length, the contrast 4 (EG + CF) was superior in 81,1 cm with (TF + CLU). In the conjoined analysis, the interation Trat x Ano (Treat x year) with F without importance demonstrate that year to NHf, CHf, CB and NFh. We inferred that little productivity were with treatment that we don t use spices and with treatment manured with urban trash cake (pie) of filter. / A Agrofloricultura alagoana manifesta a necessidade de ações articuladas nos segmentos da cadeia produtiva, a fim de reduzir os custos com insumos como os adubos minerais, que representam um percentual significativo. O manejo atualmente empregado favorece o aumento da produção mas ainda há carência de estudos especialmente quanto a informações e padrões nutricionais. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os componentes de produção da H. Golden Torch. Efetuou-se o experimento na Escola Agrotécnica Federal EAFS/AL. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com 10 tratamentos e 5 repetições, a saber: T1) Testemunha, sem adubação (TEST); T2) Adubo mineral (AM); T3) Esterco de gado (EG); T4) Cama de frango (CF); T5) Torta de filtro (TF); T6) Composto de lixo urbano (CLU); T7) (EG + AM); T8) Cama de frango + Adubo mineral (CF + AM); T9) Torta de filtro + Adubo mineral (TF + AM); T10) Composto de Lixo urbano + Adubo mineral (CLU + AM). Foram mensuradas e avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: número de perfilhos por touceira (NPt), número de haste floral (NHf), comprimento da haste floral (CHf), diâmetro da haste floral (DHf), comprimento da bráctea (CB), número de folhas por haste floral (NFh) e área foliar por haste floral (AFh). Os resultados obtidos com os dados dos contrastes ortogonais mostraram que o contraste três (T3 a T6) vs (T7 a T10) apresentou 89,3 perfilhos a menos que os tratamentos com organominerais. No contraste um, os tratamentos não adubados (TEST) com 64,0 hastes florais foram inferiores às médias de todos os tratamentos adubados. Para o comprimento da haste floral, o contraste quatro (T3 + T4) foi superior em 81,1 cm ao (T5 + T6). Pela análise conjunta de experimentos, a interação trat x ano, com F não significativo demonstrou que o comportamento dos tratamentos independe do ano para NHf, CHf, CB e NFh. Concluiu-se que as menores produtividades ROCHA, E.S. 2006. Produção de Helicônia Golden Toch (Heliconia psittacorum x Heliconia. spthocircinada) influenciada pela adubação mineral e orgânica, em Alagoas ficaram com os tratamentos não adubados e com os tratamentos adubados com composto de lixo urbano e torta de filtro.

Le réseau électrique s'utilise aujourd'hui comme support de transmission des signaux Ethernet. C’est le concept des courants porteurs en ligne. Cette technique de transmission permet d’obtenir des débits supérieurs au Wifi. Cependant, la complexité des réseaux électriques et l'environnement électromagnétique domestique peuvent dégrader les performances de cette technologie. L’environnement électrique de l'habitat avec ses appareils électroménagers divers en font un milieu difficilement maitrisable. L’objectif est d’appréhender et de modéliser cet environnement et le comportement des équipements qui y sont déployés. Pour cela, ce mémoire présente plusieurs méthodes pour modéliser les lignes électriques dans l'habitat. Les modélisations existantes sont difficilement généralisables à un réseau électrique quelconque. Nous proposons une modélisation de type circuit électrique.Son intérêt réside dans la simplicité de l'outil de simulation d'un réseau électrique, réalisé parla mise en cascade de plusieurs blocs intégrés à la librairie SPICE. Les blocs SPICE proposés prennent en compte la dépendance fréquentielle des paramètres des quadripôles. Une étape de caractérisation expérimentale est développée pour implémenter ces blocs. Un réseau expérimental de test, constitué de différentes technologies de câble, a été caractérisé en termes de bruit, d'impédance et de pertes d'insertion. Le rayonnement émis lors d'une transmission CPL a également été mesuré. / The power line grid is used for data transmission by means of the broad band powerline communication systems (BPLC) The main advantage of this technology consists in providing an existing infrastructure of wires and wall sockets that are easy to access throughout a building and offering physical data rates comparable with other existing communication technologies such as Wi-Fi. Nevertheless, the power line grid complexity, the various connected household appliances and the housing electromagnetic environment,impact the PLC transmission performances. As results the housing environment is not a controllable medium. The objective of the current thesis is to study the electromagnetic environment of the Indoor power line network, and to model the potential impacts of both the power line grid topology and the household devices on the PLC physical layer. The existing modeling approaches require a deduction of theirs parameters from the measurements and cannot be generally applied. We propose a new model based on circuitry approach. Its main interest consists in the simplicity of the simulation tool of power line grid which is based on series symmetric SPICE circuit integrated to SPICE library. To this aim, the characterization of the power cable, of the electrical accessories and household devices is necessary. The impedance of powered household devices is measured according to simple measurement protocol. The proposed model takes into account the variation of the whole primary parameters of the electrical cable as function of frequency. An experimental characterizationof the so called PLC READY test bench was carried out in terms of noise, impedance and insertion loss. The radiated electromagnetic field during a PLC communication is measured.

The ceramic trade throughout Medieval Southeast Asia was prolific. Terrestrial sites have yielded massive amounts of ceramic material and the archaeological reports of shipwreck cargoes corroborate the versatile and extensive qualities of trade ceramics in the region. The sheer quantity of ceramic artefacts found in shipwreck assemblages, paired with a well-researched framework of the aesthetic, demonstrates that we rely heavily on ceramic data to date wrecks and establish regional trading patterns. While ceramics typically represent the bulk of the recovered material in these instances, many other types of material are present in the various assemblages. Yet these "lesser" materials suffer from a lack of investigation and, therefore, play virtually no role in the archaeological and historical assessment of the ship, its cargo, and its relationship to the maritime economy of the period. While ceramic studies may provide a general overview, a consideration of the other material provides subtlety and nuance to the analysis. This case study focuses on the non-ceramic assemblages for six shipwrecks from the 14th and 15th Centuries of Southeast Asia (three Chinese-built and three Southeast Asian-styled junks). The typological study of the metallurgical, organic and geological material from these wrecks can complement much of the work surrounding existing trade models as well as reveal new concepts of crew life, belief systems and culture. These facets come together to offer a more holistic narrative as well as stimulating the need within the region for more study regarding the locations where past peoples mined and manufactured raw metals. The thesis will also consider the motivations behind the excavators of these projects and what role this plays in the interpretation of the non-ceramic material. One wreck was excavated by treasure hunters, one was done by an amateur archaeologist and a curator, and a third was excavated by a governmental organization. Two excavations were conducted by a non-profit foundation in conjunction with a National Museum and a final one was a purely academic excavation. Each party brings their own experiences and motivations to the excavation and therefore the systems of collection, curation, and conservation weigh heavily and are varied. These factors can determine what priorities each excavator brings to the analysis of excavated objects and the extent to which this effects the subsequent interpretation of the shipwreck.

This thesis compares the remote desktop protocol Spice to NX and VNC taking into consideration user experience when viewing multimedia content. By measuring the quality of the protocols by viewing a video in a slow-motion benchmark compared to ordinary speeds it is shown that Spice has a low video quality compared to VNC. It is likely that due to a large amount of data sent, Spice does not manage to reach a high quality user experience.