La perspective psycho-sociale suggère que les stéréotypes sexués pourraient en partie expliquer l’investissement différencié des hommes et des femmes en sport. Ce travail doctoral vise à examiner le rôle joué par les stéréotypes sexués dans les comportements d’engagement/abandon sportif selon (1) la voie indirecte, via l’internalisation de ces croyances durant le processus de socialisation (Fredricks & Eccles, 2004) et (2) la voie directe, via leur activation automatique. Un programme de recherche articulé autour de 8 études et impliquant près de 1300 participants a été conduit. Les études 1 à 3 ont d’une part confirmé que des croyances étaient spécifiquement attachées aux activités sportives et d’autre part, qu’elles étaient susceptibles d’être activées automatiquement lors de la présentation brève d’activités féminines et d’affecter la catégorisation de prénoms subséquente. Les études 4 à 6 ont mis en évidence le rôle significatif joué par les stéréotypes sexués dans l’investissement sportif des individus puisque l’adhésion à des croyances défavorables à son groupe sexué prédisait négativement l’engagement sportif des adolescents, via les perceptions de soi (compétence, valeur). Si aucun lien n’a été observé entre l’association implicite sport-genre et l’engagement sportif, une identité implicite soi + masculin semble être négativement associée à l’abandon sportif. Finalement, les études 5, 7 et 8 ont montré que certains stéréotypes explicites étaient malléables d’un point de vue développemental (stéréotype général) ou suite à une manipulation expérimentale (stéréotype relatif à la compétence), mais n’ont révélé aucun pattern développemental, ni de sensibilité à la manipulation expérimentale concernant l’association implicite sport-genre. / The psycho-social perspective suggests that gender stereotypes could partly explain the differentiated involvement of men and women in sport. This doctoral research aims to examine the role played by gender stereotypes in sport involvement/dropout behaviours according to (1) the indirect pathway, via the internalization of these beliefs during the socialization process (Fredricks & Eccles, 2004) and (2) the direct pathway, via their automatic activation. A research program structured around 8 studies and implicating almost 1300 participants has been conducted. The studies 1 to 3 have confirmed on the one hand that specific beliefs are attached to sport activities and on the other hand, that they are likely to be automatically activated by the brief presentation of feminine activities and to affect the subsequent categorization of names. The studies 4 to 6 have highlighted the significant role played by gender stereotypes in individuals ‘sport involvement, since the endorsement of beliefs in disfavour of one’s own sex-group predicted negatively adolescents’ sport involvement, via the self-perceptions (competence, value). If, none link has been observed between sport-gender implicit association and sport involvement, a self + masculine implicit identity seems to be negatively associated with sport dropout. Finally, the studies 5, 7 and 8 showed that certain explicit stereotypes are malleable under a developmental perspective (general stereotype) and after an experimental manipulation (stereotype related to competence), but did not reveal any developmental pattern, nor sensibility to the experimental manipulation concerning the sport-gender implicit association.

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie navorsing het die verband tussen vroee adolessenterugbyspelers se doelorientering en selfkonsep, empiries en in die literatuur, ondersoek. Die literatuurondersoek het getoon dat doelorientering oar twee komponente beskik, naamlik taakbetrokkenheid en egobetrokkenheid. Taakbetrokke sportdeelnemers fokus op vaardigheidsontwikkeling en gebruik hulle eie prestasies as maatstaf vir sukses. Hulle beleef sukses wanneer 'n taak bemeester is, leer plaasvind, of daar 'n verbetering in die uitvoering van die taak is. Sukses word toegeskryf aan die mate van inspanning gelewer. Egobetrokke sportdeelnemers fokus op die wenmotief, gebruik normatiewe vergelyking as maatstaf vir prestasie, en beleef sukses wanneer hulle eie prestasies gunstig met die van ander kan vergelyk. Sukses word aan aangebore talent toegeskryf. Die empiriese ondersoek het bevind dat taakbetrokkenheid positief verband hou met die globale, persoonlike, en sosiale self. Egobetrokkenheid hou negatief verband met die fisieke self, en positief verband met kompetisie-angs. / The research investigated, in the literature and empirically, the possible relation between the goal orientation of male adolescent rugby players and their self-concept. The literature study indicated that goal orientation has two components, namely task involvement and ego involvement. In task-involved sport participation, skills development is emphasized, evaluation of achievement is self-referenced, and success experienced when learning takes place, a task is mastered, or when there is improvement in the execution of tasks. Success is attributed to effort. In ego-involved sport participation objective outcomes are emphasized (i.e. winning), evaluation of achievement is norm-based, and success experienced when own achievements are favourably compared to those of other sport participants. Success is attributed to natural ability. The empirical study indicated a positive relation between task-involved sport participation and the global, personal, and social self. A negative relation between ego-involved sport participation and the physical self, and a positive relation between ego involvement and competition-anxiety was found. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Spesialisering in Voorligting)

Summaries in Afrikaans and English / Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie navorsing het die verband tussen vroee adolessenterugbyspelers se doelorientering en selfkonsep, empiries en in die literatuur, ondersoek. Die literatuurondersoek het getoon dat doelorientering oar twee komponente beskik, naamlik taakbetrokkenheid en egobetrokkenheid. Taakbetrokke sportdeelnemers fokus op vaardigheidsontwikkeling en gebruik hulle eie prestasies as maatstaf vir sukses. Hulle beleef sukses wanneer 'n taak bemeester is, leer plaasvind, of daar 'n verbetering in die uitvoering van die taak is. Sukses word toegeskryf aan die mate van inspanning gelewer. Egobetrokke sportdeelnemers fokus op die wenmotief, gebruik normatiewe vergelyking as maatstaf vir prestasie, en beleef sukses wanneer hulle eie prestasies gunstig met die van ander kan vergelyk. Sukses word aan aangebore talent toegeskryf. Die empiriese ondersoek het bevind dat taakbetrokkenheid positief verband hou met die globale, persoonlike, en sosiale self. Egobetrokkenheid hou negatief verband met die fisieke self, en positief verband met kompetisie-angs. / The research investigated, in the literature and empirically, the possible relation between the goal orientation of male adolescent rugby players and their self-concept. The literature study indicated that goal orientation has two components, namely task involvement and ego involvement. In task-involved sport participation, skills development is emphasized, evaluation of achievement is self-referenced, and success experienced when learning takes place, a task is mastered, or when there is improvement in the execution of tasks. Success is attributed to effort. In ego-involved sport participation objective outcomes are emphasized (i.e. winning), evaluation of achievement is norm-based, and success experienced when own achievements are favourably compared to those of other sport participants. Success is attributed to natural ability. The empirical study indicated a positive relation between task-involved sport participation and the global, personal, and social self. A negative relation between ego-involved sport participation and the physical self, and a positive relation between ego involvement and competition-anxiety was found. / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Spesialisering in Voorligting)