Cette étude cherche à évaluer le Débit de la Filtration Glomérulaire (DFG) dans le rein humain par IRM. L'estimation de ce paramètre quantitatif nécessite le suivi de la cinétique intrarénale de Gd après son injection en bolus. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons développé sous IDEA Siemens une séquence SR-FLASH strictement pondérée en T1 capable de suivre en dynamique l'évolution du signal RMN après l'injection d'un bolus de produit de contraste. Cette séquence possède un codage de phase centré permettant de déterminer le contraste au début de la période d'acquisition de l'image. Nous avons également mis en oeuvre une séquence d'inversion IR-FLASH (avec codage de phase centré) permettant la mesure de la relaxation longitudinale en l'absence de produit de contraste, ce paramètre étant indispensable à la conversion de l'intensité du signal en concentration. Sachant que la relation entre l'intensité du signal RMN et la concentration de Gd n'est pas linéaire, nous avons proposé deux méthodes originales et malgré tout rapides et robustes pour convertir le signal RMN en concentration locale de Gd. Ceci nous a permis d'évaluer l'évolution de la concentration dans les deux reins et dans l'aorte au cours des premiers passages du produit. L'ajustement des ces mesures de concentration sur les équations décrivant une modélisation bicompartimentale de la fonction rénale a permis de calculer le DFG de chaque rein dans une population de cinq sujets possédant un fonctionnement rénal normal. / This study seeks to assess the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the human kidney by MRI. To quantitatively estimate this parameter requires monitoring of the intrarenal kinetics of Gd after its bolus injection. To achieve this goal, we have developed under IDEA Siemens a SR-FLASH T1-weighted MRI sequence which can follow dynamic NMR signal changes after a bolus injection of Gd. This sequence has a centric phase-encoding scheme, and thus the image contrast was determined at the beginning of the acquisition period. Subsequently, we have implemented an IR-FLASH (with centric phase-encoding scheme) sequence to measure the longitudinal relaxation time in the absence of any injection of Gd ; this parameter is required to convert NMR signal intensities into Gd concentrations. knowing that the relation between the NMR signal intensities and the Gd concentrations is not linear, we have proposed two novel methods and yet fast and robust for conversion of the NMR signal intensities into local Gd concentration. This allowed us to estimate the temporal evolution of Gd concentrations in both kidneys and aorta. The fit of these concentrations measurements by a two-compartments model describing the function of the kidney allowed us to calculate the GFR of each kidney in a population of five subjects with normal renal function.

No description available.

The aim of the study is to see what topics the news programmes Rapport on Swedish Television and Ekot on Swedish Radio report on in their broadcasts and to see how different news genres take their place in the programmes. Rapport and Ekot are two of Sweden's biggest news programmes and I want to analyse what is similar in their broadcasts and what is different. The study has been conducted on seven different broadcasts from each medium, which means that the sample amounts to 14 broadcasts from Rapport at 18.00 on SVT (SVT1) and Ekot at 16.45 on SR (P1 and P4). The broadcasts are taken from a period of seven months. I have investigated which news genres is featured in each broadcast and, in particular, studied which news genres are generally the three most common. Furthermore, I have studied how much space news stories, telegrams and commentaries get in comparison to each other. I have also studied how much time covid-19 and the weather get in the news broadcasts compared to other news. The results showed that both SVT and SR spend a lot of time on news stories. Furthermore, the study showed that Rapport reports more on the pandemic, while Ekot focuses more on foreign news. The study also showed that crime news is often top news along with news about politics. News about the weather forecast is more featured on TV than on radio, according to my study on my analysis units.

No description available.

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka skärningspunkten mellan traditionella nyhetskanaler och Facebook för att se vilken roll Facebook spelar för de lokala nyhetsaktörerna i Helsingborg. Vi har undersökt Helsingborgs Dagblad, Lokaltidningen Helsingborg, SVT Nyheter Helsingborg och SR P4 Malmöhus för att se hur deras arbetsprocess, nyhetsinnehåll och publikinteraktion påverkas av Facebook. Eftersom medierna besitter makt att sätta dagordningen för vad människor får för information har vi använt oss av teorier kring nyhetsvärdering, nyhetsurval och agendasättande i vår studie. För att i ett större perspektiv se vilken roll Facebook spelar för den lokala journalistiken i Helsingborg har vi även använt oss av medieekologisk teori. Vår undersökning består av en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ del. Den kvantitativa delen är en innehållsanalys av de fyra lokala nyhetsaktörernas innehåll, där vi jämfört publiceringen i traditionella kanaler med publiceringen på Facebook. Vi har även undersökt publikens reaktioner på det publicerade innehållet. Den kvalitativa delen består av fyra intervjuer med en representant från varje undersökt nyhetsaktör. Syftet har bland annat varit att få mer information om hur de uppfattar att Facebook påverkar deras arbetsprocess. Resultaten visar att Facebook påverkar de traditionella nyhetsaktörerna på orten, men i olika grad. Den tydligaste skillnaden är att Facebook spelar en större roll för de kommersiella tidningarna än för public service-aktörerna. Det publicerade innehållet skilde sig åt mellan de olika kanalerna. Ett framträdande resultat var att brott och rättsfrågor dominerade på Facebook, vilket kan förklaras med att det är snabba händelsenyheter som väcker känslor och engagerar publiken. Resultaten visar att nyhetsaktörerna tycker sig komma närmare sin publik genom Facebook, och att publiken har ökade möjligheter att påverka nyhetsaktörernas nyhetsvärdering, nyhetsurval och agendasättande.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Termination of employment in an international comparison - a comparison of the Czech republic and the Slovakia Resumé: The aim of this thesis is to discuss the termination of employment contract from the multinational perspective, ČR a SR. Thesis is thematically divided into 4 large groups containing the termination of employment contract on international, Czech and Slovak legal grounds respectively alongside with the comparison of individual dissolution acts. Labor law is a legal discipline which is dynamically evolving and modernized whilst there are apparent differences in the comparison of labor law regulation within the EU member states. ČR and SR both approach the modernization of labor law in a different manner and the necessary flexibility of the labor market, employee protection and social security are incorporated in their systems of law with certain differences. The beginning of the thesis provides a brief excursus to the history of labor law. The following part aims to describe the institute of termination of employment contract in the context of international law regulation and its impact on Czech and Slovak labor law. Prior to the description of the individual means of termination of employment contract according to national regulations, there is a brief introduction into the issues of...

STUDENT NO: 9902414P MA HUMANITIES SCHOOL OF HUMAN AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT / ABSTRACT Rationale: In the early 1990s, the Lidcombe Programme, which is a direct, parentconducted, operant intervention programme for early childhood stuttering, was introduced to therapists. Available data in Australia suggest that the Lidcombe Programme is an effective early communication intervention as it eliminates stuttered speech in the medium and long term and is able to maintain these effects for up to seven years post-treatment (Onslow, Costa & Rue, 1990; Onslow, Andrews & Lincoln, 1994; Lincoln & Onslow, 1997; Jones, Onslow, Harris & Packman, 2000). However, despite the plethora of research in Australia, no South African research appears to have previously been conducted to establish long-term results and maintenance of fluency following the administration of this programme with young children. Purpose: The present study endeavoured to establish long-term results and maintenance of fluency using the Lidcombe Programme with children who stutter. Participants: Nine children were recruited, ranging in age from six to eleven years who had undergone therapy using the Lidcombe Programme during the previous two to six years. The parents of these children also participated in the study. Method: As part of the Lidcombe Programme, the percentage syllables stuttered (%SS) and the severity rating score (SR) were recorded at the time of the assessment and termination of therapy. The researcher evaluated each participant’s speech in two different situations using the measurements of %SS and SR and then compared these scores to the %SS and SR score recorded at the initial assessment and termination of therapy to ascertain whether each participant’s speech had improved, deteriorated or remained consistent. An interview with the child’s parents was also conducted to obtain a qualitative assessment of the parent’s views of their child’s speech since the termination of therapy. Results: The Wilcoxon signed rank test revealed a significant decrease in %SS and SR between pre-treatment scores and scores recorded at the time of the study (p = 0.00195 & p = 0.00195 respectively). Four participants’ %SS obtained at the time of the study compared to immediately after termination of therapy had increased slightly although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.4375). All parents reported that they had noted improvement in their child’s speech since the termination of therapy except for one mother who reported that her child’s speech had remained the same. Conclusions: It would seem that the Lidcombe Programme was successful with this particular group of participants as all of the children demonstrated a definite decrease in stuttering following therapy compared to pre-treatment and had maintained the levels of fluency obtained post-treatment to the time of the study. These findings have implications for early communication intervention, training of speech-language pathologists, theory and future research. KEY WORDS: stuttering, Lidcombe Programme, children, severity rating (SR) percentage syllables stuttered (%SS)