No description available.

No description available.

Uma das caracterizações de medidas SRB é a de que a sua desintegração em relação as partições mensuráveis subordinadas as variedades instáveis são absolutamente continuas com respeito a medida Lebesgue nestas mesmas variedades. Este trabalho segue os passos de Segert [16] ao analisar a aplicabilidade da teoria de integração não comutativa de Alain Connes ao estudo de medidas SRB de sistemas dinâmicos hiperbólicos do tipo (M, f) com M uma variedade compacta e f um difeomorfismo \'C POT. 2\'. Nesta dissertação é realizada a demonstração do teorema da desintegração de Rokhlin utilizando o conceito de esperança condicional. É fornecida uma introdução a teoria de integração não comutativa de Alain Connes. E apresenta-se uma injeção entre medidas SRB de sistemas dinâmicos hiperbólicos e as medidas transversas definidas sobre este sistema / A characterization of SRB measures is that its disintegration in relation to measurable partitions subordinate to unstable manifolds is absolutely continous with respect to the Lesbesgue measures in the same manifolds. This work follows the footsteps of Segert [16] in the study of the applicability of the non commutative integration theory of Alain Connes to the analysis of SRB measures for hyperbolic dynamical systems of the type (M, f) with M a compact manifold and f a \'C POT. 2\' diffeomorphism. In this work the proof of Rokhlins disintegration theorem is presented using the concept of conditional expectation. An introduction to the theory of non commutative integration of Alain Connes is provided. Its shown the existence of a injection between SRB measures in hyperbolic dynamical systems and transverse measures defined on this system

Uma das caracterizações de medidas SRB é a de que a sua desintegração em relação as partições mensuráveis subordinadas as variedades instáveis são absolutamente continuas com respeito a medida Lebesgue nestas mesmas variedades. Este trabalho segue os passos de Segert [16] ao analisar a aplicabilidade da teoria de integração não comutativa de Alain Connes ao estudo de medidas SRB de sistemas dinâmicos hiperbólicos do tipo (M, f) com M uma variedade compacta e f um difeomorfismo \'C POT. 2\'. Nesta dissertação é realizada a demonstração do teorema da desintegração de Rokhlin utilizando o conceito de esperança condicional. É fornecida uma introdução a teoria de integração não comutativa de Alain Connes. E apresenta-se uma injeção entre medidas SRB de sistemas dinâmicos hiperbólicos e as medidas transversas definidas sobre este sistema / A characterization of SRB measures is that its disintegration in relation to measurable partitions subordinate to unstable manifolds is absolutely continous with respect to the Lesbesgue measures in the same manifolds. This work follows the footsteps of Segert [16] in the study of the applicability of the non commutative integration theory of Alain Connes to the analysis of SRB measures for hyperbolic dynamical systems of the type (M, f) with M a compact manifold and f a \'C POT. 2\' diffeomorphism. In this work the proof of Rokhlins disintegration theorem is presented using the concept of conditional expectation. An introduction to the theory of non commutative integration of Alain Connes is provided. Its shown the existence of a injection between SRB measures in hyperbolic dynamical systems and transverse measures defined on this system

Neste trabalho foi realizada a caracterização microbiana, por meio de técnicas de biologia molecular, do lodo granulado de reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente e manta de lodo (UASB - Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor) operado sob condições mesofílicas (30 \'+ OU -\' 2ºC) e sulfetogênicas, com (TDH) de 12 h, na presença de 3,0 \'+ OU -\' 0,7 mg/L de oxigênio dissolvido. Essa caracterização foi realizada no lodo granulado proveniente da manta inferior (P1) e superior (P2) do UASB. O reator UASB de 10,5 L foi alimentado com meio basal Zinder acrescido de solução de vitaminas, metais traços e bicarbonato de sódio (10%). O meio foi preparado diariamente com água de abastecimento público, pH 7-8. Etanol e sulfato de sódio foram utilizados como fonte orgânica e de enxofre, respectivamente. Nestas condições, foram estudadas três diferentes relações de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO)/sulfato (3,0, 1,6 e 2,0). A análise de hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH) demonstrou que houve predomínio de arquéias metanogênicas, detectadas com a sonda ARC915, em todas as condições operacionais, com médias iguais a 75,9, 77,1 e 85,4% em P1 e 78,6, 73,4 e 83,1% em P2, respectivamente. Methanosaeta sp. foi a arquéia metanogênica acetoclástica predominante confirmada também por seqüenciamento da banda recortada do gel de DGGE (eletroforese em gel de cadeia desnaturante), com similaridade de 96%. As bactérias (sonda EUB338) variaram de 9,6 a 36,2% e de 15,5 a 37,4% em P1 e P2, respectivamente. As bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS), detectadas com a sonda SRB385, variaram de 7,9 a 10,8% e de 8,7 a 19,8% em P1 e P2, respectivamente. Outros microrganismos identificados foram Shewanella sp. e Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51, e a bactéria redutora de sulfato Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris DP4. A distribuição do tamanho dos grânulos não sofreu mudança significativa no decorrer dos ensaios. Grânulos de 2 a 3 mm, que geralmente representam biomassa ativa no reator, contou com média de 76% do total quantificado; enquanto, grânulos de 1 a 2 mm, os quais sugerem que novos grânulos estavam sendo formados representaram 17% no reator UASB. As concentrações médias de metano e sulfeto no biogás foram iguais a 33 e 1,5 \'mü\'mol/ mL, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho demonstraram que a presença de oxigênio, na concentração aplicada, não afetou severamente o metabolismo dos microrganismos comumente considerados estritamente anaeróbios. Esse fato foi evidenciado também pelo valor do potencial redox obtido que se manteve aproximadamente constante em -208 mV, mesmo na presença de oxigênio. As eficiências de remoção de matéria orgânica (DQO) e redução de sulfato também alcançaram resultados favoráveis, com médias superiores a 74%. / A microbial characterization of granular sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) was carried out by molecular biology techniques. The reactor with 1,5 L of volume was operated with HRT of 12 h under mesophilic (30 \'+ OR -\' 2ºC) and sulfidogenic conditions, in the presence of 3.0 \'+ OR -\' 0.7 mg \'O IND.2\'/L. The granular sludge samples were withdrawn from the bottom (P1) and upper (P2) parts of the reactor. The synthetic substrate used in the reactor feeding was composed by Zinder basal medium in addition with a solution of vitamins, trace metal and sodium bicarbonate (10%). The Zinder basal medium was prepared daily with tap water with pH value varying from 7 to 8. Concentrations of ethanol and sodium sulfate were applied as organic and sulfur sources, respectively. Three different COD/sulfate ratios (3,0, 1,6 and 2,0) were evaluated in these conditions. The fluorescent in situ hibridization (FISH) analysis demonstrated the predominance of methanogenic archaea, detected by ARC915 specific probe, in all the operational conditions, with mean values of 75.9%, 77.1% and 85.4% in P1 and 78.6%, 73.4% and 83.1% in P2. The sequencing of the excised band of DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) showed similarity of 96% with the acetoclastic archaea Methanosaeta sp. The bacterial community (EUB338 probe) varied from 9.6% to 36.2% in P1 and from 15.5% to 37.4% in P2. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), detected by SRB385 probe, varied from 7.9% to 10.8% and from 8.7% to 19.8% in P1 and P2, respectively. Other identified microorganisms were Shewanella sp. and Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51 bacteria, and the sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris DP4. Granule-size distribution did not significantly change during the assays. Granules of size varying from 2 mm to 3 mm, that generally represent the active biomass inside the reactor, accounted for 76% of the total quantified percentage; while, granules of size varying from 1 mm to 2 mm, that suggest the formation of new granules in the reactor, presented mean percentage of 17% of the total. The mean produced concentrations of methane and sulfide in the reactor were equal to 33 \'mü\'mol/mL and 1.5 \'mü\'mol/mL of biogas, respectively. The obtained results indicated that the applied oxygen concentration did not severely affect the metabolism of the strictly anaerobic microorganisms. This fact was evidenced by the obtained result of the oxidation-reduction potential that remained equal to -208 mV, even in the presence of oxygen. The mean removal efficiencies of organic matter (COD) and sulfate also achieved favourable results with values higher than 74%.

Submitted by Santos Davilene (davilenes@ufba.br) on 2017-06-01T19:31:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Anderson Cruz.pdf: 1370645 bytes, checksum: e24fcc7391a579a71c4ad1efe23d43d9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vanessa Reis (vanessa.jamile@ufba.br) on 2017-06-07T11:09:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Anderson Cruz.pdf: 1370645 bytes, checksum: e24fcc7391a579a71c4ad1efe23d43d9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-07T11:09:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Anderson Cruz.pdf: 1370645 bytes, checksum: e24fcc7391a579a71c4ad1efe23d43d9 (MD5) / Neste trabalho construímos medidas SRB (Sinai-Ruelle-Bowen) para difeomorfismos locais parcialmente hiperbólicos. A hiperbolicidade parcial será caracterizada pela existência de um campo de cones positivamente invariante satisfazendo uma condição de expansão não uniforme num conjunto de medida de Lebesgue positiva. Mostramos ainda que existem no máximo um número finito de medidas SRB e que, caso o difeomorfismo local seja transitivo, existe uma única medida SRB. Provamos a estabilidade estatística destas medidas, assumindo que vale a expansão não uniforme no campo de cones robustamente e com constantes uniformes. Finalmente, apresentamos exemplos de perturbações de endomorfismos de Anosov em que podemos aplicar nossos resultados

Neste trabalho foi realizada a caracterização microbiana, por meio de técnicas de biologia molecular, do lodo granulado de reator anaeróbio de fluxo ascendente e manta de lodo (UASB - Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor) operado sob condições mesofílicas (30 \'+ OU -\' 2ºC) e sulfetogênicas, com (TDH) de 12 h, na presença de 3,0 \'+ OU -\' 0,7 mg/L de oxigênio dissolvido. Essa caracterização foi realizada no lodo granulado proveniente da manta inferior (P1) e superior (P2) do UASB. O reator UASB de 10,5 L foi alimentado com meio basal Zinder acrescido de solução de vitaminas, metais traços e bicarbonato de sódio (10%). O meio foi preparado diariamente com água de abastecimento público, pH 7-8. Etanol e sulfato de sódio foram utilizados como fonte orgânica e de enxofre, respectivamente. Nestas condições, foram estudadas três diferentes relações de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO)/sulfato (3,0, 1,6 e 2,0). A análise de hibridação in situ fluorescente (FISH) demonstrou que houve predomínio de arquéias metanogênicas, detectadas com a sonda ARC915, em todas as condições operacionais, com médias iguais a 75,9, 77,1 e 85,4% em P1 e 78,6, 73,4 e 83,1% em P2, respectivamente. Methanosaeta sp. foi a arquéia metanogênica acetoclástica predominante confirmada também por seqüenciamento da banda recortada do gel de DGGE (eletroforese em gel de cadeia desnaturante), com similaridade de 96%. As bactérias (sonda EUB338) variaram de 9,6 a 36,2% e de 15,5 a 37,4% em P1 e P2, respectivamente. As bactérias redutoras de sulfato (BRS), detectadas com a sonda SRB385, variaram de 7,9 a 10,8% e de 8,7 a 19,8% em P1 e P2, respectivamente. Outros microrganismos identificados foram Shewanella sp. e Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51, e a bactéria redutora de sulfato Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris DP4. A distribuição do tamanho dos grânulos não sofreu mudança significativa no decorrer dos ensaios. Grânulos de 2 a 3 mm, que geralmente representam biomassa ativa no reator, contou com média de 76% do total quantificado; enquanto, grânulos de 1 a 2 mm, os quais sugerem que novos grânulos estavam sendo formados representaram 17% no reator UASB. As concentrações médias de metano e sulfeto no biogás foram iguais a 33 e 1,5 \'mü\'mol/ mL, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho demonstraram que a presença de oxigênio, na concentração aplicada, não afetou severamente o metabolismo dos microrganismos comumente considerados estritamente anaeróbios. Esse fato foi evidenciado também pelo valor do potencial redox obtido que se manteve aproximadamente constante em -208 mV, mesmo na presença de oxigênio. As eficiências de remoção de matéria orgânica (DQO) e redução de sulfato também alcançaram resultados favoráveis, com médias superiores a 74%. / A microbial characterization of granular sludge from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) was carried out by molecular biology techniques. The reactor with 1,5 L of volume was operated with HRT of 12 h under mesophilic (30 \'+ OR -\' 2ºC) and sulfidogenic conditions, in the presence of 3.0 \'+ OR -\' 0.7 mg \'O IND.2\'/L. The granular sludge samples were withdrawn from the bottom (P1) and upper (P2) parts of the reactor. The synthetic substrate used in the reactor feeding was composed by Zinder basal medium in addition with a solution of vitamins, trace metal and sodium bicarbonate (10%). The Zinder basal medium was prepared daily with tap water with pH value varying from 7 to 8. Concentrations of ethanol and sodium sulfate were applied as organic and sulfur sources, respectively. Three different COD/sulfate ratios (3,0, 1,6 and 2,0) were evaluated in these conditions. The fluorescent in situ hibridization (FISH) analysis demonstrated the predominance of methanogenic archaea, detected by ARC915 specific probe, in all the operational conditions, with mean values of 75.9%, 77.1% and 85.4% in P1 and 78.6%, 73.4% and 83.1% in P2. The sequencing of the excised band of DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) showed similarity of 96% with the acetoclastic archaea Methanosaeta sp. The bacterial community (EUB338 probe) varied from 9.6% to 36.2% in P1 and from 15.5% to 37.4% in P2. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), detected by SRB385 probe, varied from 7.9% to 10.8% and from 8.7% to 19.8% in P1 and P2, respectively. Other identified microorganisms were Shewanella sp. and Desulfitobacterium hafniense Y51 bacteria, and the sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio vulgaris subsp. vulgaris DP4. Granule-size distribution did not significantly change during the assays. Granules of size varying from 2 mm to 3 mm, that generally represent the active biomass inside the reactor, accounted for 76% of the total quantified percentage; while, granules of size varying from 1 mm to 2 mm, that suggest the formation of new granules in the reactor, presented mean percentage of 17% of the total. The mean produced concentrations of methane and sulfide in the reactor were equal to 33 \'mü\'mol/mL and 1.5 \'mü\'mol/mL of biogas, respectively. The obtained results indicated that the applied oxygen concentration did not severely affect the metabolism of the strictly anaerobic microorganisms. This fact was evidenced by the obtained result of the oxidation-reduction potential that remained equal to -208 mV, even in the presence of oxygen. The mean removal efficiencies of organic matter (COD) and sulfate also achieved favourable results with values higher than 74%.

Stormwater retention basins are an integral component of municipal stormwater management strategies in North America. The province of Ontario’s Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change obligates land developers to implement stormwater management in their land use and development plans to mitigate the effects of urbanization (Bradford and Gharabaghi, 2004). When stormwater retention ponds are improperly designed or maintained, these basins can fail at improving effluent water quality and may exasperate water quality issues. Intense H2S production events in stormwater infrastructure is a serious problem which is seldom encountered and documented in stormwater retention ponds. This study monitored two stormwater retention ponds situated in the Riverside South community, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada for a period of 15 consecutive months to thoroughly characterize intense hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in a stormwater retention pond under ice covered conditions during winter operation and during periods of drought under non-ice covered conditions during the summer. Field experiments showed a strong relationship (p < 0.006, R > 0.58, n = 20+) between hypoxic conditions (dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration < 2 mg/L) and the intense production of H2S gas. Ice-capping of the stormwater ponds during winter severely hindered reaeration of the pond and led to significant production of total sulfides in the Riverside South Pond #2 (RSP2), which subsequently resulted in the accumulation of total sulfides in the water column (20.7 mg/L) during winter in this pond. There was a perceived lag phase between the drop in DO and the increase in total sulfides near the surface, which was potentially indicative of slow movement of total sulfides from the benthic sediment into the water column. These high-sulfide conditions persisted in RSP2 from early January 2015 until the spring thaw, in mid-April, 2015. Riverside South Pond #1 (RSP1), the reference pond studied in this work, showed significantly less production of total sulfides across a significantly shorter period of time. Analysis of the microbial communities showed that there was little change in the dominant bacterial populations present in the benthic sediment of the pond demonstrating significant total sulfide production (RSP2) and the pond that did not demonstrate significant total sulfide production (RSP1). Additionally, it was found that locations with the most accumulated sediment had the highest propensity for the production of H2S gas. Furthermore, there was no perceivable community shift in the two ponds throughout the seasons, indicating that the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in stormwater benthic sediment are ubiquitous, exist in an acclimatized microbial population and are robust. Study of the microbial abundances revealed that SRB represented approximately 5.01 ± 0.79 % of the microbes present in the benthic sediment of RSP2. Likewise, in the stormwater pond which did not experience intense H2S gas production, RSP1, 6.22 ± 2.11 % of microbes were of the SRB type, demonstrating that H2S gas production does not correspond to higher concentrations of SRB or the proliferation of dominant species, but rather is a symptom of increased bacterial activity due to favourable environmental conditions. In addition, this work also covers the kinetics of sediment oxygen demand (SOD), ammonification and sulfate-reduction, and attempts to understand the processes leading to H2S gas production events. In doing so, it was observed that kinetics obtained full-scale field studies were greater than in laboratory kinetic experiments. Laboratory experiments at 4°C identified total SOD, ammonification and sulfate-reduction kinetics to be 0.023 g/m2/day, 0.027 g N/m2/day and 0.004 g S/m2/day, respectively. Meanwhile, kinetics calculated from the field study of stormwater retention ponds for total SOD, ammonification and sulfate-reduction were of 0.491 g/m2/day, 0.120 g N/m2/day and 0.147 g S/m2/day, respectively. It is expected that this difference is due to the depth of active sediment influencing the total rates of production/consumption, making area-normalized daily rates of production/consumption (g/m2/day) unsuitable for the comparison of field and laboratory studies, without some scaling factor. This study also measured supplementary kinetic parameters such as the Arrhenius coefficients and the half-saturation coefficient, to add to existing knowledge of sulfate-reduction.

No description available.

Au niveau des marges continentales, et plus particulièrement dans des zones dites d'émissions de fluides froids, des communautés microbiennes et animales complexes se développent localement à la surface des sédiments. Ces communautés utilisent pour leur croissance des composés chimiques réduits (H2S, Méthane, CO2 ...), contenus dans un fluide à basse température, percolant à travers les sédiments et issus de phénomènes géologiques et de divers processus microbiens. Afin d'étudier la diversité des communautés microbiennes associées à ces écosystèmes ainsi que leur rôle dans l'environnement, et d'appréhender les paramètres environnementaux influençant la distribution et l'écophysiologie de ces communautés, des sédiments de surface (0-20 cm) mais également plus profonds (<9 mbsf) ont été prélevés au niveau de la Marge de Sonora. Les communautés microbiennes présentes ont été étudiées par diverses approches de biologie moléculaire, de mise en culture et de microscopie. Ce travail de recherche a permis : i) de déterminer la structure et la diversité des communautés microbiennes métaboliquement actives dans ces sédiments, ii) de mettre en évidence des écophysiologies différentes entre les acteurs du cycle du méthane (méthanogènes, ANMEs, SRB), prépondérant dans cet écosystème et iii) de découvrir la présence de nouvelles lignées et fonctions microbiennes dans les sédiments de zones d'émission de fluides froids des marges continentales. / At continental margins, and more particularly in cold seep areas, microbial and animal communities were locally detected at the surface of the sediments. These communities grow using reduced chemical compounds (H2S, Methane, COZ ...) contained in the percolated cold fluids and produced by both geological and microbial processes. ln order to study microbial community diversity in these ecosystems and their role in the environment as well as to understand the environmental factors influencing the distribution and ecophysiology of these communities, surface (0-20 cmbsf) but also deeper (<9 mbsf) sediments were collected at the Sonora Margin. Microbial communities have been studied using various molecular, cultural and microscopy approaches. This research allowed: i) to determine the structure and diversity of metabolically active microbial communities in sediments, ii) to highlight different ecophysiologies for methane cycling microorganisms (methanogens, ANME, SRB) and iii) to discover the presence of new microbial lineages and functions in the cold seeps sediments of the continental margins.