La thèse vise à proposer un modèle intégrateur et synthétique des antécédents du niveau de proactivité environnementale des entreprises industrielles opérant dans le secteur des produits de grande consommation. La revue de littérature nous permet de développer un double cadre théorique, fondé sur la théorie des ressources et compétences élargie aux ressources et compétences naturelles, ainsi que sur l'approche des parties prenantes. La première étape de la recherche empirique consiste en une étude qualitative exploratoire menée auprès du « Club Déméter », un regroupement d'acteurs privés et publics pour réfléchir sur les problématiques de développement durable. Cette étude qualitative repose sur une analyse documentaire (étude des rapports de développement durable des entreprises membres), 16 entretiens semi-directifs (auprès des responsables des grandes fonctions d'une entreprise fabricant des boissons) et une observation longitudinale, non participante, d'un groupe restreint (plusieurs sous-groupes de travail du « Club Déméter »). L'étude qualitative a permis d'affiner le modèle de recherche élaboré lors de la revue de la littérature, mais également de préparer la phase de recherche quantitative, en contribuant à développer certaines mesures des variables. La seconde étape de la recherche empirique, qui repose sur une analyse quantitative réalisée auprès de 188 entreprises industrielles opérant dans le secteur des produits de grande consommation en France, nous a permis d'évaluer la qualité des échelles de mesure, dont certaines ont été spécifiquement créées au cours de l'étude, ainsi que de tester nos hypothèses de recherche. Les résultats obtenus montrent une influence positive sur la dimension stratégique interne de la proactivité environnementale, de l'orientation parties prenantes, des compétences de management environnemental, de gestion des ressources humaines, de conception de produits plus respectueux de l'environnement, de conception d'emballages réduits à la source, simplifiés, valorisâmes, réutilisables, produits à partir de matière recyclée. Nos résultats montrent une influence positive sur la dimension stratégique externe de la proactivité environnementale, de l'orientation parties prenantes, des compétences de gestion des ressources humaines et de conception d'emballages conçus à partir de matière recyclée. / The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to explain the sustainable development integration variability by a stakeholders approach and resource-based theory analysis in the French mass market industry. The first step of the empirical study is based on a qualitative analysis of the « Club Déméter », a group of public and private actors working together on sustainable development issues. This qualitative study is conducted by of documentary analysis, 16 interviewsand a long non participant observation of a srnall group within the « Club Déméter ». With this first empirical study, we were able to precise the research model and to prepare the second step of the empirical study. The second step of the empirical study is based on a quantitative analysis of 188 firms within the French mass rnarket industry. This empirical study gave us the opportunity to estimate the quality of the measuring device and to test the research model. The results show a positive influence of stakeholders orientation, environmental management competencies, human resources management competencies, product eco-design competencies, eco-design of packaging that can be reused, simplified, end of life value added, and made with recycled raw material competencies, on internai environmental strategy proactivity. The results also show a positive influence of stakeholders orientation, human resources management competencies, and packagingmade with recycled raw material competencies on external environmental strategy proactivity.

De ideella elitidrottsföreningarna börjar till stor del bli kommersialiserade och gränsen mellan dem och vinstdrivande företag är på väg att suddas ut. De är dock fortfarande en ideell idrottsförening till formen som ska vara allmännyttig, demokratisk, ha folkrörelsekaraktär, vara jämlik och jämställd – de ska med andra ord genom sin huvudsakliga verksamhet bidra till samhället. Trots det tenderar elitidrottsföreningarna att ta ytterligare samhällsansvar genom att bedriva olika projekt och verksamheter med syfte att på olika sätt hjälpa till exempel utsatta grupper i samhället. Syftet med studien är att förstå vilken betydelse de sociala samhällsengagemangen har för ideella elitidrottsföreningar i förhållande till deras intressenter. Genom att utföra semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från fem olika ideella elitidrottsföreningar har vi skapat en förståelse kring deras sociala ansvarstagande för att därefter tolka vilken betydelse detta har för föreningarna och för vilka de arbetar med socialt ansvarstagande. Uppsatsen bidrar till att förstå att det finns nya strategier att använda sig av när det handlar om att bedriva en ideell elitidrottsförening. Vi önskar att uppsatsen kan bidra till att inspirera personer inom föreningsvärlden att våga gå nya vägar när det kommer till att leda och utveckla Sveriges idrottsföreningar. / The non-profit elite sports associations are beginning to be largely commercialized and the gap between them and private sector are on the verge of disappearing. However, they still are a non-profit sports association that should be public, democratic, have a people operating character and be equal - they should, in other words, through its main activity contribute to society. Although the elite sports unions tends to take more social responsibility by conducting various projects and activities aimed to help for example vulnerable groups in society. The aim of the paper is to understand what the social community engagements means to the non-profit elite sports association in relation to their stakeholders. By carrying out semi-structured interviews with representatives from five different non-profit elite sports associations, we have formed an understanding of their social responsibility and then interpret the meanings of this for the non-profit elite sports association and for whom they work with social responsibility. The paper helps to understand that there are new strategies to use when it comes to operating a non-profit sports association. We hope that the paper can help to inspire people in sports associations to take new paths when it comes to managing and developing sports associations in Sweden.

The cost of health care services is rising and the number of patients requesting overseas treatment from the Kuwait Government continues to increase; this is becoming an unsustainable financial burden. A telemedicine system has the potential to support the Kuwaiti health system to provide medical consultations from global medical centres, and thereby reduce the number of Kuwaiti patients being sent abroad for treatment, and so reduce costs. This research investigates the readiness of the key stakeholders in regard to adoption of telemedicine systems in the Kuwaiti healthcare system. This is achieved by assessing the readiness of individuals (physicians and patients), the organisation (policy makers) and the technical infrastructure (IT managers). Moreover, the lack of research on this topic, particularly in the Arabian Gulf Region, was the reason behind carrying out this study. An in-depth study was conducted by using a quantitative and qualitative approach. A questionnaire was used to explore the attitudes of specialised physicians and patients by obtaining their opinions based on specific criteria. Next, semi-structured interviews were conducted: (1) with IT managers to assess the technical infrastructure of the health system; and (2) with policy makers to assess the organisation in regard to its readiness towards telemedicine adoption. The study shows that the overseas referral patients are ready to use telemedicine systems, as a consequence of their need to receive medical consultations from global experts. However, they expressed some concerns, such as privacy and confidentiality of their data. The specialised physicians also showed readiness towards adoption of telemedicine in the Kuwaiti health system, and their responses indicated that they are willing to use such systems. However, the findings of the interviews reveal that the current technical infrastructure for ICT in the Kuwaiti healthcare system is not ready for telemedicine adoption and there are needs to be change in the way management is organized in order to improve and enhance trust among departments. The qualitative approach identified factors that would inhibit and hinder the adoption of telemedicine in Kuwait, as well as the supportive factors in the organisation. Using the results, a strategy was developed to demonstrate how the Kuwaiti health system could be made ready to receive a telemedicine system, together with policies for the use of telemedicine systems by overseas referral patients. A comparison with Jordan and Syria shows that the Kuwaiti healthcare system is more ready to adopt a telemedicine system with respect to the individuals, technical infrastructure and governmental support. Finally, an economic analysis was performed in order to investigate the cost effectiveness of the proposed system.

This research sought to find local evidence within the Israeli context that corporate social responsibility can have positive impact on corporate financial performance, similar to research findings in leading western economies. Such local based evidence, if found, would encourage the inclusion of CSR as part of strategic management of companies in Israel. The investigation focused on a sample of leading companies in Israel, forming part of the TA-100 stock exchange index, and was undertaken between 2005 and 2006. The research used quantitative investigation of secondary data on financial performance that is available for companies traded on the stock exchange. It included social responsibility ranking undertaken by the association of 'Business for social responsibility in Israel' – MAALA. This data was used to compare financial performance between groups of companies with different levels of social responsibility. The research found that higher social responsibility for companies in Israel was associated with higher financial performance, in comparison to their counterpart companies ranked as lower in social responsibility. However at the extreme, a very high level of social responsibility is associated with decline in financial performance. The research conclusion was that companies in Israel face the same CSR-to-CFP relationship, as their counterparts in leading western economies. This provides the rationale for Israeli companies to incorporate social responsibility as part of their business strategy aimed at improving financial performance.

he digital revolution in the latter part of the twentieth century has resulted in the increased use and development of Cyber-Physical Systems. Two of which are Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) and Integrated Vehicle Health Management (IVHM). Both are relatively new areas of interest to academia, military, and commercial organisations. Designing IVHM for a UAS is no easy task – the complexity inherent in UAS, with projects involving multiple partners/organisations; multiple stakeholders are also interested in the IVHM. IVHM needs to justify itself throughout the life of the UAS, and the lack of established knowledge makes it hard to know where to start. The establishment and analysis of requirements for IVHM on UAS is known to be important and costly – and for IVHM a complex one. There are multiple stakeholders to satisfy and ultimately the needs of the customer, all demanding different things from the IVHM, and with limited resources they need to be prioritised. There are also many hindrances to this: differences in language between stakeholders, customers failing to see the benefits, scheduling conflicts, no operational data. The contribution to knowledge in this thesis is the IVHM Requirements Deployment (IVHM-RD) – a method for a designer of UAS IVHM to build a tool which can consolidate and evaluate the various stakeholder’s requirements. When the tool is subsequently populated with knowledge from individual Subject Matter Experts (SMEs), it provides a prioritised set of IVHM requirements. The IVHM-RD has been tested on two design cases and generalised for the use with other designs. Analysis of the process has been conducted and in addition the results of the design cases have been analysed in three ways: how the results relate to each design case, comparison between the two cases, and how much the relationships between requirements are understood. A validation exercise has also been conducted to establish the legitimacy of the IVHM-RD process. This research is likely to have an impact on the elicitation and analysis of IVHM requirements for UAS – and the wider design process of IVHM. The IVHM-RD process should also prove of use to designers of IVHM on other assets. The populations of the design cases also provide information which could be useful to other designer and future research.

Partant de la sociologie d'innovation, des organisations et d'attentes et en se basant sur une démarche empirique d'enquête (plus de 30 entretiens conduits durant 2010-2013 en France), la première partie de cette thèse traite de la variété des acteurs de l'électromobilité et de l'abondance combinatoire des possibilités relationnelles. Elle procède à une analyse historique, théorique et systémique, afin de recenser et établir une typologie des acteurs potentiellement concernés par son développement, d'évaluer leur position stratégique et leur inclinaison envers l'électromobilité, leurs intérêts et facteurs de résistance potentiels. Enfin, le croisement du caractère offensif ou défensif de la stratégie propre à chaque acteur avec le degré variable de maturation de celle-ci a permis de préciser les ressorts de l'adhésion au système d'électromobilité et les conditions d'évolution de celui-ci. La thèse met un accent particulier sur la nécessité de maîtriser la zone d'incertitude la plus majeure du système qui est la recharge. Les ambiguïtés et les difficultés d'installation d'équipements de recharge révèlent une certaine réticence de la société. Combler les lacunes, surtout celles particulières à la recharge privée, mérite une attention collective des constructeurs, opérateurs immobiliers et fournisseurs d'équipements de recharge, ainsi qu'une concentration particulière des efforts publics et ce, à tous les niveaux réglementaire, financier et surtout organisationnel. Cela devrait permettre de raccourcir le décalage qui se manifeste aujourd'hui entre la mise sur le marché des véhicules et la disponibilité des infrastructures de recharge, qui pénalise le démarrage du système en constituant un grand blocage psychologique pour ses usagers potentiels. Dans un deuxième temps, est explorée l'électromobilité dans un cadre systémique éclaircissant les relations d'interdépendance entre mobilité et territoire. En effet, chaque territoire définit son système de mobilité en fonction de ses caractéristiques intrinsèques telles que sa géographie, sa composition démographique et socioéconomique et les autorités territoriales jouent un rôle crucial dans sa mise en œuvre et assurent son bon fonctionnement. Ainsi dans le cadre d'une étude de cas, le diagnostic socio-économique du territoire de Paris-Saclay, suivi par l'analyse de son système de mobilité, permettent de dégager l'avenir possible du territoire en matière de transport, au vu de la dynamique générale créée par le projet de Grand Paris Express. Une fois que l'image future du système de mobilité du territoire est dessinée, la place de l'électromobilité dans ce futur système et le degré de réceptivité du territoire de Paris-Saclay est discutée. L'évaluation du potentiel d'équipement en VE en tant que voiture particulière montre que le territoire de Paris-Saclay constitue un terrain favorable : de par l'adaptation du VE à leur comportement d'auto mobilité et par l'accès à la recharge, 37% des ménages motorisés du territoire sont susceptibles de s'équiper d'un VE (contre 20,5% en IDF). Enfin, la France est le pays où toutes les conditions d'émergence de l'électromobilité se réunissent. Son électricité issue du nucléaire permet d'espérer un bilan carbone très promoteur pour le VE. Les deux constructeurs historiques du pays sont parmi les premiers de l'industrie d'automobile à proposer les modèles électriques de la nouvelle génération. Le déploiement massif des infrastructures de recharge divise. L'éventail des suites à donner est large, allant de l'abandon total de l'électromobilité par peur qu'elle devienne un gouffre financier jusqu'au renforcement des mesures de soutien dans l'espérance de favoriser la dynamique créée. Parmi les options, on soutient une politique de territorialisation du déploiement de l'électromobilité à définir sur la base d'une connaissance approfondie du territoire et de son système de mobilité / Over the past few years, socioeconomic and political developments, environmental and energy concerns, and ongoing technological progress nourish the prospect of substituting conventional gasoline cars with upcoming electric alternatives. A real success of the electric vehicle (EV) has become increasingly conceivable but is still subject to a certain number of conditions. Electromobility differs from the currently prevailing form of automobility mainly due to a larger range of the involved stakeholders, and a stronger dependence on the territory where the system is to evolve. These differences motivate the present doctoral research studying the emergence of electromobility in France from two major points of view: the stakeholders' organization and the territory's adaptation. Adopting a historical and empirical approach, the first part of this thesis discusses the results of over 30 interviews conducted with representatives of potential electromobility stakeholders that are likely to have a major influence on the developing electromobility system in France. It deals with the large variety of potential actors and their possible relationships by following a systematic and sociological approach. The applied methodology allows to detail and characterize the actors and to evaluate their likely strategies as well as their inclinations towards electromobility conveyed by various motives of interests and factors of resistance. Analyzing the probable forms of interdependence between the actors in the electromobility system also helps to highlight the lack of some essential links in the current system of actors. The second part of this thesis explores electromobility in a systematic framework in order to shed light on the interdependence between mobility and its territory. Indeed, each territory is endowed with a transportation system of its own on the basis of its diverse intrinsic characteristics. Local authorities have a crucial role to play in the process of deploying the system and of facilitating its functioning. This part of research therefore examines the potential for electromobility development at the local level: the semi-urbanized area of Paris-Saclay located within the Greater Paris area about 20 km southwest from its center serves as study area. The local transportation system's configuration and its dynamics including all relevant projects that will partially or integrally influence the area are discussed. The prospective analysis takes into account a wide range of considerations and potential determinants so as to render the assessment as realistic as possible. The study's findings shed light on the initial phase of the electromobility system's emergence while highlighting the flaws and complexities that hinder its future development. By these means, this research provides decision aid for policymakers and others stakeholders that are potentially involved in the electromobility system's deployment in France

Widespread car usage of around 800 million of cars travelling 30 billion of kilometres on a daily basis has led to many benefits but also to significant environmental and societal impacts such as congestion, air and noise pollution and urban sprawl. This thesis aims to investigate the stakeholder values of car parking in order to support and inform the decision makers who are tasked with how best to resolve challenging car parking dilemmas. A two phase progressive methodology is involved. Phase one begins with conducting a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews with eight academics to identify whom the stakeholders are that are affected by car parking. Then a second series of 20 interviews are conducted with sector leaders of stakeholder groups to establish how the stakeholders are affected by car parking and importantly, how they value car parking. Finally a third series of nine interviews are conducted with nine different experts to help to bridge the gap between phase one and phase two. Phase one found that a broader reach of stakeholders (classified into four different groups) are affected by car parking than the literature might imply, and that they value car parking in eight different key ways. It also found that the values emerged from a context of governmental, social and consumer concerns. Phase two of the methodology was quantitative and used the findings from phase one to develop four additional attributes considered meaningful across all four stakeholder groups, namely: safety, politics, public spaces and weekly household council tax. Choice based conjoint analysis was used to incorporate the attributes into three hypothetical scenarios namely; driver, strategy and social, as these were considered to be reflective of the value context unearthed previously in phase one. The scenarios were disseminated across England as part of a wider survey and achieved a sample size of 1107 responses. The results of which were then interpreted through willingness to pay (WTP) values. Key findings included: how a persistent political undertone can impact on car parking policy setting; that the car parking industry is under pressure to provide a service chiefly motivated by a perceived consumer intolerance of market prices; and that stakeholders can not only appreciate but also experience the impact of car parking choices on other stakeholder groups. Conclusions drawn included that the different stakeholder groups took issue with national government leadership believing it to currently be deficient in setting the standards for British car parking. Moreover, decision makers wrongly perceive that consumers of car parking do not pass between the groups and are therefore hostile to policies which do not directly benefit them. The key implication being that decision makers are cautious to implement policies which are not necessarily advantageous to consumers but which may lead to gains for the remaining stakeholder groups. In short, this thesis recommends amongst others that the governmental stakeholder group should seek to provide direction and guidelines for tariff setting which is reflective of the provision of a service that is conscious of the range of parking industry stakeholder values. Furthermore, as safety is an industry held value, practitioners should seek to better understand how it impacts their market. They should explore the relevance of schemes such as Park Mark to operators and their customers, by fundamentally investigating to what extent safety exists as a valid concern inside car parks and how it applies to personal safety, vehicle safety or general perceptions of safety. In addition, where the governmental stakeholder group remain mindful of the significance of securing political backing, the car parking industry would benefit from appreciating the sensitivities of political challenges faced by the governmental group when lobbying for any changes in parking policy programmes. Indeed, the parking industry should collaborate between the two parties and seek to unite in finding agreeable solutions which benefit constituents either directly or indirectly. As car parking values might differ according to their geopolitical context and lead to the extraction of a different set of attributes, further work would include looking beyond England to first the UK and then to abroad to explore the effects of potential cultural differences and learn the relevant lessons.

This paper elaborates on the issues arising during evaluation of quality in tertiary education, specifically in the area of business schools. It provides an overview of theoretical approaches to quality and its measurement, and analyzes current methodologies in quality evaluation of business schools. Part of the thesis consists of results from an inquiry among academics from 4 departments of the Faculty of Business Administration at the University of Economics, Prague, and students of the CEMS International Management program. The results provide a comparison of current practices and stakeholder views, and shows whether these two are in alignment or contradiction.

This thesis focuses on the matters of corporate social responsibility, in particular in the Czech Republic. The aim is to present the most comprehensive overview of the given concept and consequently apply this theoretical knowledge to the concrete Czech firm, evaluate its application and then outline the possible areas of improvement. The thesis contains a lot of theoretical information on corporate social responsibility, but also practical recommendations and practices for successful implementation of social responsibility into the use. Attention is also paid to the comparison of the situation in the Czech Republic and abroad and to the identification of the possible constrains of the development of social responsibility inland.

The purpose of the study is to highlight and investigate lack of basic services on city tourism in Bamenda from a national and an international stakeholders’ perspective. The study also aims to explore potential solutions and suggest improvements that can make Bamenda more competitive as a tourist destination. Basic services focused on has been insecurity, infrastructure shortage and unskilled personnel on tourism sub industries, electricity outages and unstable internet supply. To understand the scope of, the problem, a qualitative method approach was used whereby thirty-seven persons were interviewed. The respondents were adult males and females between the age range 38- 50 who have years of working experience and academic background that ranged from bachelor’s degree to Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D). The study identified government negligence in providing needed infrastructure and services as some of the biggest setbacks to the smooth functioning of the tourism industry in Bamenda. It was surprisingly realized that Bamenda has a diverse culture capable of attracting many international tourists as well as a very dynamic population. Additionally, it was noted that there is a devastating crisis of identity in the Cameroons that has brought tourism to near zero.