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Introducing private capital and employing mixed-ownership structure are effective means and inevitable choices to enhance the vitality, control and influence of state-owned economy. An effective corporate governance structure that matches the mixed-ownership reform of state-owned enterprises is the key to the success of the reform. This study suggests that the mixed-ownership reform and corporate governance practices under the Singapore Temasek mode provide China with important experience in separating government functions from enterprise management, the system of board of directors, highly independent market-oriented operation, open and diversified international employment and value-based motivation and assessment. The empirical study shows that a company's shareholding ratio of the top five shareholders, total compensation of board members, total compensation of senior officers, shareholding ratio of the board of directors, shareholding ratio of senior officers are positively related to corporate performance, while the degree of check-and-balance ownership structure, the separation of rights of chairman and general manager, and the proportion of independent directors are negatively related to corporate performance. In addition, there is a big difference in the relationship between corporate governance and corporate performance under different types of controllers.The mixed-ownership reform practice of Northern International Trust Co., Ltd. in Tianjin was analyzed as a case study. This paper presents reform suggestions on such aspects as improving the relationship between the Tianjin Municipal Government and the state-owned capital investment platform by the mixed-ownership reform, the design of the corporate governance mechanism of the state-owned capital investment platform, and the design of corporate governance of participating and holding enterprises of state-owned capital investment platform based on the case study and the experience and theoretical results of the Singapore Temasek mode. / Business Administration/Strategic Management

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(経済学) / 甲第24961号 / 経博第675号 / 新制||経||304(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院経済学研究科経済学専攻 / (主査)教授 黒澤 隆文, 准教授 IVINGS Steven, 教授 坂出 健, 教授 Stokes Ray / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Economics / Kyoto University / DFAM

Purpose: The main purpose of this research is to do an exploratory study on the role of controllers in state-owned enterprises in developing countries, specifically in Gambia and Rwanda. The study aims also at identifying challenges that controllers are facing and how they manage them and also showing the key differences between controllers in State-owned enterprises (SOEs) and private enterprises. Theoretical foundation: Theories we used in this research are based on previous literature and research done by previous scholars and publishers who wrote on controllers' roles, control systems, SOEs, private enterprises and developing countries. From the literature that authors read, they were able to find the research gap and construct research questions. Methodology: The authors of this thesis adopted a qualitative research method based on exploratory research approach. Data collection method adopted is a semi-structured interview with people holding controller positions of SOEs and private enterprises in Gambia and Rwanda. Conducting these interviews was aimed at collecting enough information and data that can be analysed in order to get a deeper understanding of the role of controllers in SOEs of developing countries. Data collected were analysed and interpreted through thematic analysis that helped the authors to identify key areas of discussions. Empirical findings: The empirical results were generated from the interviews conducted with eleven controllers from Gambia and Rwanda. These findings were discussed in connection to the literature at the same time answering the research questions and fulfilling the purpose of this research. The research findings show that controllers in SOEs have a series of challenges, among them corporate governance challenges and undue political interference, how controllers mitigate their challenges, by adhering to their financial and procedure manual. The findings provide that controllerin the private sector are more into profit than controllers in SOEs

CSR och hållbart företagande är traditionellt sett flexibelt hållna begrepp som företag uppmuntras att arbeta med på eget initiativ. Med vägledning av internationella standarder uppmuntras företag minimera negativa konsekvenser som deras verksamheter kan generera. Mot bakgrund av ett ökat behov av transparens och enhetlighet mellan företag som är verksamma på EU:s inre marknad har hållbarhetsredovisningsdirektivet antagits. Direktivet, vilket har genomförts i svensk rätt genom införande av bland annat 6 kap 12 § årsredovisningslagen, föreskriver en skyldighet för företag av viss storlek att identifiera väsentliga risker i verksamheten och redovisa dessa i en hållbarhetsredovisning som del av företagets förvaltningsberättelse. Riskidentifieringen ska göras mot bakgrund av vad som är nödvändigt för förståelse av företagets verksamhet, och innefatta risker i affärsförbindelser när det är relevant. En av de aspekterna som företag ska identifiera och redovisa risken för är korruption. Hållbarhetsredovisningskravet gäller från och med redovisningen av verksamhetsåret 2017. Svenska staten är en stor bolagsägare i Sverige och ställer krav på de statligt ägda bolagen att agera föredömligt på området för hållbart företagande, bland annat genom krav på efterlevnad av en framtagen ägarpolicy. Inom ramen för en empirisk studie har 47 statligt ägda bolags hållbarhetsredovisningar för verksamhetsåret 2016 granskats. Syftet var att fastställa hur de statligt ägda bolagen arbetar med identifiering och redovisning av risker för korruption, mot bakgrund av att redovisningskravet hittills inte har varit rättsligt bindande. Mot bakgrund av det varierande resultatet som studien visar kan ifrågasättas om samtliga av de statligt ägda bolagen agerar med en sådan föredömlighet som föreskrivs i ägarpolicyn. Genom en analys av huruvida hållbarhetsredovisningsdirektivet och 6 kap. 12 § årsredovisningslagen kan förhindra den underlåtenhet att redovisa risker för korruption som idag torde vara möjlig, konstateras att direktivet i teorin uppfyller sitt ändamål. Efter att redovisningskravet har börjat gälla kan korruption presumeras utgöra en väsentlig fråga för företag, vilket ställer höga krav för utelämnande av identifiering av korruptionsrisker i redovisningen. Ur praktisk synpunkt kan däremot anföras att direktivets språkliga utformning erbjuder en sådan flexibilitet vad gäller bedömningen av riskernas väsentlighet, att överträdelser av direktivet torde bli svåra att tillskriva företag eller dess företrädare ansvar för. Som slutsats anförs att direktivets föreskrifter borde ha utformats med mindre flexibilitet, i syfte att uppnå den enhetlighet mellan företags redovisningar som eftersträvas.

Corporate governance practice has recently become an important topic around the world and specifically within the emerging stock markets in order to avoid expropriation by corporate management at the expense of minority shareholders. Although corporate governance is considered to be tremendously important in many countries, whether developed or developing, corporate governance does not exist in Kuwait as a mean of shareholder protection. This thesis intends to provide a regulatory analysis to laws and regulations that should be implemented to regulate corporate governance practice in Kuwait in private companies and in the State-Owned Enterprises. The second chapter draws a theoretical framework of corporate governance. These theories must be discussed, because this thesis is the first to address corporate governance from a legal perspective and will help Kuwaiti practitioners and those involved in corporate governance practice to gain a better and more comprehensive understanding of and appreciation for effective corporate governance. The third chapter provides an overview of the corporate governance practice in the emerging markets. The fourth chapter presents the characteristics of a corporate culture to lay the groundwork for adopting corporate governance that will fit within the Kuwaiti culture. The fifth chapter offers an assessment of the institutional settings necessary to establish a sound corporate governance system in Kuwait, including legal and political institutions. The sixth chapter will examine corporate governance practice in the State-Owned Enterprises in Kuwait. The seventh chapter focuses on the best practices of corporate governance and the protection of shareholders in companies listed in the Kuwait Stock Exchange (KSE) by analysing the regulations and laws that apply to the KSE and that should relate to corporate governance. Chapter eight offers recommendations for corporate governance reform that derive from the assessment made in this thesis in both public and private sectors in Kuwait. Finally, chapter nine provides the general conclusion of the thesis and the contribution of this study.

Este trabalho procura retratar a trajetória do setor elétrico paulista e suas interações com o setor nacional, já que, como se depreenderá da leitura, impossível, em muitos momentos, serem dissociados, seja na vertente institucional ou na econômica. Não obstante, o cerne da questão abordada aponte para o modo como a reforma institucional de um setor estratégico e de serviço público essencial foi feita, a questão é consideravelmente mais complexa, já que o setor tem características e especificidades únicas. O modelo anterior sob o qual o setor havia se desenvolvido, a partir da década de 1960, estatal em sua quase totalidade, começou a ser desmontado inviabilizou-se. Como duas questões básicas, ainda não foram satisfatoriamente respondidas, ou seja, se havia, realmente, necessidade da privatização e se esta poderia ter sido realizada de forma distinta, intenta-se interpretar os motivos, inicialmente, das estatizações e, posteriormente, das privatizações ocorridas / The aim of this study was to evaluate the processed reforms in the electric sector of São Paulo and his interactions with the Brazilian sector. The major of the question has been the privatization and the way as the institutional reform of a strategic sector and of essential public service sector was made. The question is considered complex, since the sector has single characteristics and the electricity is a capital with very specific peculiarities. The previous model under which had been developed the electric Brazilian sector and, in particular, the native of São Paulo, from decade of 1960, state in it\'s almost totality, started to be demolished is not viable anymore. How, the two basic questions, occurred by the reframe for which had passed, they had not been satisfactorily answered yet, in other words, if really had necessity of the privatization and it could have been carried through of distinct form. Thus, the research aim to determine the reasons of the stabilizations and of the privatizations of the electric sector occurred

<p>This study investigates the challenges facing the management of public enterprises in the Democratic of Congo. The study is based on the hypothesis that poor performance by state-owned enterprises in the Democratic Republic of the Congo has been influenced by inadequate management which has led to the dissatisfaction of citizens. Due to this problem increasing attention is being paid by the DRC Government to encouraging private sector involvement in services such as water and electricity. This study investigates the arguments for and against privatization, especially in the water and electricity sectors. In pursuing this debate the study explores the following main research question: To what extent will the DRC Reform Law aimed at transforming the commercialisation of public enterprises enhance the effectiveness of basic services such as water and electricity services in the DRC? A case study of the city of Bukavu in the eastern DRC is used to explore this question.</p>

The fast-growing economy in China attracts the world’s interests, which includes the Chinese stock markets. The market efficiency of Chinese stock markets is widely discussed by researchers in different approaches. The involvement of government in stock markets is a unique case in the financial world.   By this paper, we are answering the question that is the degree of market efficiency of stat-owned companies different from that of private companies in Chinese stock markets. This will bring us knowledge about Chinese stock markets as well as the impact from ownership, market value and management styles on market efficiency.   To clarify the influence from government involvement in stock markets, we select 938 stocks distinguished by ownership structure. This quantitative study is preceded on daily data from 2007 to 2011. We use auto correlation, Chi-square test, and linear regression together with Spearman’s correlation to test our hypothesis. The degree of market efficiency of each ownership group is examined and compared to each other. Market efficiency related to ownership and market capitalization are inspected if they are anomaly factors in Chinese markets.   The empirical results indicate that the degree of market efficiency of state-owned companies is significantly different from the degree of market efficiency of private-owned companies in China. The market capitalization is one of the existing anomaly factors in Chinese stock markets, as well as it is correlated with degree of market efficiency to some extent. For state-owned enterprises, active management on stock market does not provide a better market efficiency compared to passively managed companies.

The purpose of this thesis was to explore senior managers' perceptions of strategic management, with the specific context being the National Oil Corporation in Libya. As such it represents a ground-breaking study at PhD level. An extensive literature identified key themes and models of strategy formulation and strategic management, in particular Karami's model of strategic management (Karami, 2007) together with key factors influencing the processes involved. This led to a study of the Libyan NOC based on a two-stage research design, the first a survey involving two hundred and fifty two senior managers of whom seventy returned completed questionnaires and the second conducting twelve semi-structured follow up interviews to deepen the findings from the questionnaire with qualitative data. The findings of this thesis suggest that the Libyan NOC may have relied too heavily in the past on strategy formulation and strategic management as the preserve of a very few individuals at the very top of the organisation, as the role of the great majority of senior managers was limited to monitoring and high level supervision. It was found that although political directives set the strategy for the whole organisation, there was a gap in knowledge and understanding between the senior business managers and the political appointments to the Board. Recommendations for improving practice therefore concerned steps in the strategic management process and senior managers' effectiveness especially in the Board as a team. Recommendations for reflecting the Libyan NOC as an example of a state-owned enterprise in Karami's model were to include Board effectiveness as the first step, to add medium-term objectives and to include social responsibility in environmental scanning under external factors.