Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Political Science, 2007. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-141).

In this paper, the author presents the problem that thetension between work and family life represent. in that way, a gender perspective is used to analyze masculine and feminine roles in different work environments, and compare them with labor policies. the author concludes emphasizing the insufficiency of the actual policies, and then he suggests corresponsibility as a solution. / En el presente artículo, el autor presenta el problema de la tensión entre el trabajo y la vida familiar. Para ello, aborda una perspectiva principalmente de género, analizando los roles masculino y femenino en diferentes escenarios laborales, y comparando la situación actual de las políticas laborales impuestas por el estado. Concluye señalando la insuficiencia de las políticas actuales, para luego proponer como solución la corresponsabilidad.

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Cette thèse porte sur la rencontre entre des politiques urbaines françaises et des modes d'habiter de l'Amazonie guyanaise, à Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, à la frontière avec le Surinam. Cette vie urbaine est menée par des habitants de classes populaires souvent non francophones, confrontés à des normes d'urbanité concrétisées par les démolitions de « bidonvilles » et la construction de logements sociaux. Il s'agit d'analyser les interactions entre les acteurs en jeu dans cette situation postcoloniale impliquant habitants, élus communaux et professionnels de la ville, dans un contexte d'Outre-Mer aux hiérarchies sociales propres, croisant classe, nation, et race. Alliant une perspective historique et ethnographique, ce travail met en lumière les rapports d'habitants originaires de l'amont du Maroni aux administrations et à leurs agents. Ces derniers sont racialisés par le terme 'bakaa', qui renvoie à une blancheur postcoloniale spécifique, associée à l'urbanité, par opposition à une affirmation renouvelée de leur identification en tant que « personnes des pays de la forêt » ('bushikonde sama') - appartenance héritée du passé du marronnage des plantations surinamaises. Mises en lumière par l'ethnographie réalisée à leurs côtés, les démarches quotidiennes des habitants témoignent de leur progressive socialisation institutionnelle, tandis que certains agents des administrations adaptent les politiques publiques et les procédures administratives aux pratiques d'une population racialisée comme « Bushinenguée ». L'analyse passe des logements, catégorie de l'action publique, aux maisons, espaces vécus inscrits dans des configurations de parenté, des mobilités et des modes d'habiter de part et d'autre du Maroni. Les maisons sont appropriées par les habitants de manière dialectique : tout en se conformant aux normes d'urbanité 'bakaa' matérialisées par les logements sociaux, et sanctionnées par les bailleurs, les habitants transforment la ville par leurs modes d'habiter incorporés qui reflètent l'usage stratégique de ressources issues de la maîtrise d'un territoire transfrontalier. Les interactions asymétriques entre habitants et professionnels ont donc des effets sur les modes d'habiter et sur les politiques urbaines. Impliquant plusieurs normes d'urbanité, elles concrétisent leurs différences, constamment réitérées, dans les formes urbaines d'une ville ségréguée. Elles redéfinissent en permanence les frontières des personnes, des maisons, et des lieux. / This thesis deals with the encounter between French urban policies and Amazonian ways of dwelling in Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, by the Marowijne river, the border with Suriname. The inhabitants from working classes, mostly not francophone, are confronted with urbanity norms materialized through the removals of "shantytowns" and the building of social housing. My research analyses the interactions between the different actors involved in this postcolonial situation: inhabitants, local politicians and urban professionals, in the context of a French oversea department divided by specific social boundaries of class, nation, and race. Using archival and ethnographic methods, I highlight the relations of inhabitants coming from upriver Marowijne to the administrations and their agents. The latter are racialized as 'bakaa', term qualifying a local form of postcolonial whiteness, associated with urbanity, as opposed to the renewed affirmation of their belonging to the upriver territories as 'bushikonde sama' ("people from the lands of the forest"). This identification, in constant renewal, refers to the legacies of their Maroon ancestors from the Surinamese plantations. As a an ethnographer, I went with some of those inhabitants through the offices. The observation of their daily administrative quests reveals their progressive institutional socialization, whereas some agents adapt their practices and policies to a population racialized as 'Bushinenge'. The analysis moves from housing, as administrative category, to houses, as lived spaces included in kinship configurations, mobility and transborder ways of dwellings. Houses are appropriated by their inhabitants in a dialectical manner: while they conform to 'bakaa' norms of urbanity materialized by social houses and sanctioned by the social landlords, they also transform their houses through embodied ways of living, reflecting their strategic uses of ressources coming from their mastery of a transborder territory. Asymmetrical interactions between inhabitants and agents thus impact on ways of dwelling and urban policies. Involving different norms of urbanity, they concretize their differences, constantly reiterated, through the segregation of the town. They thus redefine the boundaries of people, houses and places.

This thesis is concentrated on the topic of the post-war migration of Roms from Slovakia to the Czech Lands as the crucial process in the post-war history of Roms on the territory of former Czechoslovakia which had its effects not only on individual groups of Roms living in Slovakia and migrating to the Czech Lands, but also on the next developments in the relations of the Czech majority society towards the Roms and changes in the approach to them on the side of central state institutions. The thesis offers a presentation of a complex historic case study of post-war migration of a particular local group of Roms from south- eastern Slovakia to the city of Brno (Moravia), based on a synthetic research method combining both oral history and written sources of mostly regional provenience. The author has applied the method in two different contexts: while reconstructing the developments in the situation of the group of Roms and their relations with the majority society in Slovakia during 1920' to 1970's, and while mapping the post-war migration of part of these people in relation to two localities in the Czech Lands, with one representing a transit locality of their early post-war migration and the other their final destination where this group of Roms lives still today. The author places the case study...