A hipertensÃo arterial tÃm sido considerada uma importante patologia para a saÃde pÃblica dada sua determinaÃÃo na ocorrÃncia de doenÃas cardiovasculares, notadamente, o infarto do miocÃrdio, a doenÃa vascular cerebral e a insuficiÃncia cardÃaca congestiva. VÃrios fatores de risco relacionados com a hipertensÃo arterial jà foram descritos, entretanto, em nosso Estado ainda à pouco conhecida a importÃncia relativa de cada um deles. Esse estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalÃncia e a importÃncia relativa de alguns fatores de risco clÃssicos da hipertensÃo arterial numa populaÃÃo adulta, de baixa renda, do Conjunto habitacional Metropolitano, Caucaia-CE na regiÃo metropolitana de Fortaleza, bem como medir a associaÃÃo entre trabalho domÃstico e hipertensÃo em mulheres. Foi realizado um inquÃrito casa a casa, em 760 domicÃlios de uma Ãrea contÃnua do bairro, quando entÃo foram entrevistados, feito exame antropomÃtrico e aferida a pressÃo arterial, de 1.248 indivÃduos de ambos os sexos, a partir de 30 anos de idade. Foi observada, uma prevalÃncia de hipertensÃo arterial de 23,96% (VI JNC) e 9,85% (OMS). A prevalÃncia de sobrepeso foi de 35,76% e de obesidade foi de 15,18%. As mulheres apresentaram um crescimento significativo da prevalÃncia do sobrepeso e obesidade com o aumento da idade, enquanto os homens nÃo apresentaram. Entre os indivÃduos com sobrepeso e obesidade, a prevalÃncia da hipertensÃo(VI JNC) foi 25,42% e 40,11% respectivamente. NÃo foi observada diferenÃa significativa na prevalÃncia da hipertensÃo entre os sexos. Uma maior renda familiar e maior nÃmero de anos na escola estavam associados significativamente a uma menor prevalÃncia de hipertensÃo arterial. Para medir a associaÃÃo entre trabalho domÃstico e hipertensÃo arterial em mulheres foi realizado um estudo caso controle, com 147 casos e 300 controles, na faixa etÃria de 30 a 55 anos de idade. Casos foram mulheres com PAD igual ou superior a 90 mm Hg e/ou PAS igual ou superior a 140 mm Hg. Controles foram mulheres com PAD inferior a 80 mm Hg e PAS inferior a 120 mmHg. O trabalho domÃstico foi medido em tempo gasto em horas/dia com as atividades de lavar, passar, cozinhar e limpar, alÃm de cuidados com crianÃas, idosos e doentes. Desse total, 99,0% (442) realizavam trabalho domÃstico em casa e 1,0% (5) disseram nÃo fazer qualquer tipo de atividade domÃstica em casa, 9,50% (42) exerciam trabalho domÃstico fora de casa (emprego domÃstico); 12,44% (55) exerciam trabalho nÃo domÃstico em casa (costurar, bordar, vender) e 13,57% (60) exerciam trabalho nÃo domÃstico fora de casa (comerciÃria, operÃria, balconista). Verificou-se associaÃÃo significativa entre realizar trabalho domÃstico fora de casa e hipertensÃo arterial (OR=2,17; IC 95%: 1,04 â 4,53) ajustada para as variÃveis idade, IMC, renda e horas de trabalho domÃstico em casa, que tambÃm apresentaram-se significativamente associadas à hipertensÃo. Os demais tipos de ocupaÃÃo nÃo apresentaram associaÃÃo significativa com a hipertensÃo, inclusive realizar trabalho domÃstico em casa. Esses resultados apontam para a importÃncia da obesidade na populaÃÃo adulta geral, enquanto fator passÃvel de intervenÃÃo, bem como estudos prospectivos especÃficos sobre ocupaÃÃo e hipertensÃo arterial em mulheres. / The High Blood Pressure has been considered to be one of the most important pathologies for the Public Health, due to its importance for the occurrence of the cardiovascular diseases, specially the heart attack, the vascular cerebral disease and the congestive cardiac insufficiency. Many risk factors related to the High Blood Pressure have been described in the literature. However, in our State, relative importance of each one of them is still little known. The aim of the present study was to verify the prevalence and the relative importance of some classic risk factor for the High Blood Pressure in an adult population with low income, as well as to measure the association between domestic work and High Blood Pressure in women. The study area was âThe Conjunto Habitacional Metropolitanoâ, a group of apartment blocks for low income people in the Municipality of Caucaia, Cearà State, Brazil. A survey was carried out, in house by house basis, in 760 households in a continuos area of the âConjunto Habitacional Metropolitanoâ. A total of 1,248 individuals of both sexes and thirty years old or older was enrolled in this survey. During the survey an interview was carried out, a anthopometric exam was conducted and the blood pressure of all individuals was measured. It was observed a prevalence of arterial blood pressure of 23,96% (VI JNC) and 9,85% (WHO). The prevalence of overweight was 35,76% and the obesity was of 15,18%. Women presented an significant increase on the prevalence of overweight and obesity as the age goes on. On the other hand, men did not show this increase. Among the individuals with overweigth and obesity, the prevalence of high blood pressure (VI JNC) was 25,42% in women and 40,11% in men. it was not observed any significant difference of high blood pressure between the sexes. A higher society level and a longer school live were associated with a smaller prevalence of arterial high blood pressure. To measure the association between the work done at home and high blood pressure in women, was executed a case-control study. It involved 147 cases and 300 controls. The average of age was of 30 to 55 years old. The cases were women whose PAD was equal or higher than 90 mm Hg and/or PAS was equal or higher than 140 mm Hg. The controls were women with PAD lower than 80 mm Hg and PAS lower than 120 mm Hg. The domestic work was measured in hours during the day. The activities studied were: wash, cook, clean, and care with children, oldies and people with disease. Form the total, 99,0% (442), did home work and 1% (5) said that they had no work at home, 9,50% (42) worked outside but still doing domestic work, 12,44% (55) do not practice domestic work at home. and 13,57% (60) do not practice domestic work outside (sellers, secretaries). It was verified a significant association between doing domestic work out of the house and High Blood Pressure (OR=2,17; CI 95%: 1,04 â 4,53) adjusted for the following variables: age, IMC, income and hours of domestic work at home. This variables have also shown to be significantly associated with High Blood Pressure. The other kinds of occupation did not show any significant association with High Blood Pressure, even domestic work at home. This findings point out to the importance of the obesity in the overall adult population, while a possible factor of intervention, as well as the need of prospective studies specifically to verify the association between occupation and High Blood Pressure in women.

My dissertation examines couples’ transition to first-time parenthood, and how this experience varies by social class. More specifically, the design of this project is a qualitative comparison of two data collection points, which examines how couples of two different social class groups divide and manage housework before the birth of their first child, and how they manage the same housework (as well as the additional work of childrearing) six to nine months post-birth. With these concerns in mind, the primary question driving this research project is: do marriages become more gendered after the birth of a couple's first child, and if so, how does this experience differ by social class? The specific aims of the research are to identify if and how marriages become gendered after the birth of a couple’s first child. This study also seeks to identify and understand the disjuncture between what participants say versus what they do with regard to the completing of housework and parenting approaches. Research findings demonstrate how some couples’ marriages became more or less gendered, and how some marriages remained more gender-neutral, largely depended on the intersection of their gender repertoires and their social class position. Specifically, every household’s configuration of their access to social resources, availability of social support, their occupational (in)flexibility, and the pre-existing, gendered dynamics between husbands and wives directly and indirectly influenced their transitions to parenthood. Many middle and upper-middle class participants had the material and social resources which interacted with their gender repertoires and assisted them in achieving their desired post-birth outcomes. For most of these households, their new lives as parents involved a more gender-neutral distribution of housework and childrearing, and nearly all middle and upper-middle class mothers returned to paid employment after maternity leave. For most lower-middle class participants, however, the limitations in their educational attainment levels, annual household incomes, and social networks interacted with their gender repertoires in ways that posed constraints to their transition to parenthood, and their ability to achieve their desired post-birth, work-family balance. Financial restrictions and the unaffordability of childcare affected some lower-middle-class mothers’ abilities to return to paid employment, despite their initial intention of doing so. For some lower-middle class fathers, their occupational inflexibility constrained their abilities to spend more time with their families. The variation in gender repertoires between lower-middle, middle, and upper-middle class participants, resulted in differentials in how couples were able to respond to the changes and challenges of becoming parents. / Sociology

This diploma thesis focuses on division of domestic labor in the Czech households and its change from 2002 to 2012 based on data from the International Social Survey Programme. It aims to uncover determining factors of the time that man or woman spends on domestic chores. Building on the conviction that the Czech Republic is going through similar value transformation that advanced western countries already experienced, we are also able to track similar transformation in division of household labor and explain this change through this value transformation. Theory of this diploma thesis is based on different approaches - economic approaches (human capital theory and the theory of relative resources) and gender approaches - that explain division of household labor by different factors. Therefore, based on its hypothesis, it is predicting that while economic factors affecting the time that an individual spends housework will decrease in its importance, normative/value factors will conversely rise.

This dissertation joins a vibrant conversation in the social sciences about the challenging nature of care labor as well as feminist discussions about the role of the daughter in Victorian culture. It explores the literary presence of the middle class managing daughter in the Victorian home. Collectively, the novels in this study articulate social anxieties about the unclear and unstable role of daughters in the family, the physically and emotionally challenging work they, and all women, do, and the struggle for daughters to find a place in a family hierarchy, which is often structured not by effort or affection, but by proscribed traditional roles, which do not easily adapt to managing daughters, even if they are the ones holding the family together. The managing daughter is a problem not accounted for in any conventional domestic structure or ideology so there is no role, no clear set of responsibilities and no boundaries that could, and arguably should, define her obligations, offer her opportunities for empowerment, or set necessary limits on the broad cultural mandate she has to comfort and care others. The extremes she is often pushed to reveals the stresses and hidden conflicts for authority and autonomy inherent in domestic labor without the iconic angel in the house rhetoric that so often masks the difficulties of domestic life for women. She gains no authority or stability no matter how loving or even how necessary she is to a family because there simply is no position in the parental family structure for her. The managing daughter thus reveals a deep crack in the structure of the traditional Victorian family by showing that it often cannot accommodate, protect, or validate a loving non-traditional family member because it values traditional hierarchies over emotion or effort. Yet, in doing so, it also suggests that if it is position not passion that matters, then as long as a woman assumes the right position in the family then deep emotional connections to others are not necessary for her to care competently for others.

abstract: Guided by Alberts, Tracy and Trethewey's (2011) integrated theory of the division of domestic labor, this dissertation examined the influence of domestic labor response threshold (i.e., the point at which one is sufficiently disturbed by a task undone so as to feel compelled to attend to it) on domestic labor performance and domestic labor conflict. Three-hundred-ten heterosexual participants (155 marital dyads; average marriage length of 20 years) completed an online questionnaire about their performance of household labor, household labor conflict, and response thresholds. Response thresholds were assessed using traditional verbal measures as well as two visual (i.e., photographic) measures developed for this investigation. The data were analyzed using three methods of dyadic data analysis: structural equation modeling, repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), and actor-partner interdependence models using multilevel modeling. Results indicate that the lower one's response threshold, and the higher one's partner's response threshold, the greater one's contributions to household tasks. Additionally, the lower one's response threshold, and the higher one's partner's response thresholds, the more likely the demand-withdrawal pattern is to emerge in domestic labor conflicts. Finally, mutual avoidance is more likely when one partner perceives that it is less costly to complete domestic work than to engage in conflict about it, or when one partner perceives that domestic labor is not a worthwhile or appropriate conflict topic. Contributions of this investigation include support for the integrated theory of the division of domestic labor, increased understanding of how individual differences (working in concert with actor sex) contribute to domestic labor allocation and conflict, a more sensitive measure of response threshold, and preliminary evidence of the "logics" of avoidance of domestic labor conflict. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Communication 2012

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-15T15:15:11Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Terçália TESE.pdf: 1692201 bytes, checksum: 8add3257777b81d2457bd758d0c3b81b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-15T15:15:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Terçália TESE.pdf: 1692201 bytes, checksum: 8add3257777b81d2457bd758d0c3b81b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-14 / CNPQ / O referido estudo tem, como propósito, analisar o trabalho infantil doméstico na sociedade capitalista contemporânea, tendo como enfoque os elementos econômicos, jurídicos e socioculturais que envolvem a problemática e o sentido que este ganha no atual contexto de crise estrutural do capital e dos processos contemporâneos de superexploração da força de trabalho. Que sentido o trabalho infantil doméstico ganha no atual contexto de crise e de superexploração da força de trabalho, em especial na realidade brasileira, e que impactos esta atividade traz à vivência particular da condição infantil de crianças e adolescentes trabalhadores domésticos? A pesquisa se realizou no Brasil, no estado da Paraíba, no município de João Pessoa. O “locus” de referência empírica foi o ambiente escolar. O estudo analisa a superexploração da força de trabalho nas economias dependentes e a funcionalidade do trabalho infantil doméstico. Buscou-se apropriar da particularidade das economias latino-americanas, sobretudo no que se refere à produção e reprodução da força de trabalho e como esta vem impactar o valor da força de trabalho, a apropriação e transferência de valor, o que se faz sob a via da superexploração da força de trabalho, e em que medida isso vem implicar a superexploração da força de trabalho feminina e a exploração do trabalho infantil doméstico e, numa relação dialética, o seu inverso, e como estes vêm reconfigurando o espaço doméstico e familiar e impactar a infância, O que levou as seguintes conclusões: a superexploração da força de trabalho no contexto contemporâneo recrudesce a exploração do trabalho infantil doméstico e esta, por sua vez – num movimento dialético – reforça os processos de superexploração da força de trabalho por contribuir para a diminuição dos custos de reprodução da classe trabalhadora. Sua existência e persistência é, portanto, funcional aos processos de superexploração da força de trabalho, o que explica sua persistência, sobretudo na América Latina e, em especial, no Brasil, em detrimento de uma série de medidas jurídicas e sociais que visam a combatê-lo. Sua utilização possibilita diminuir os custos com a reprodução da força de trabalho; contribuir para o processo de reprodução da força de trabalhadora e para a transmissão de valores instituídos que se fazem transmitir por meio da cultura, através dos quais se reproduzem as desigualdades de classe e gênero; reforça-se a desresponsabilização do Estado no que se refere às políticas voltadas à assistência às famílias, o que vem engendrar novas atribuições à infância da classe trabalhadora e um novo sentido ao trabalho infantil doméstico com fortes implicações à condição infantil. O que remete a vivências particulares da infância da classe trabalhadora, em que se faz marcar e demarcar pela exploração e supeexploração da força de trabalho e pela expropriação de direitos, em que se faz destacar a violação dos direitos infantis. / The following work aims in analyze domestic child labor in the contemporary capitalist society, it focus on economic, legal and sociocultural elements that involve this issue and the meaning it gets in the current capital structural crises context and the workforce overexploitation in the contemporary processes. What meaning the child domestic labor gets in the current crisis and overexploitation of the labor force context, with emphasis on the Brazilian reality, and which influences this activity brings to the particular experience of the working child and adolescent infantile conditions? The research took place in Brazil, in the state of Paraiba, in the city of João Pessoa. The empirical reference ‘locus’ was the school environment. The study analyses the overexploitation of the labor force in the dependent economics and the functionality of the child domestic labor. It sought to appropriate the Latin-American economic particularities, especially in what refers to production and reproduction of the workforce and how it will create an impact at the workforce value, the appropriation and transference of values, which is made by the workforce overexploitation, and how it will associate with the female workforce exploitation and with the child domestic labor in a dialectic relation, its reverse and how they have been changing the domestic and familiar space and impacting childhood. Which led to the following conclusions: workforce exploitation in the contemporary context increases the child domestic labor overexploitation and that, on the other hand – in a dialectic movement – reinforces the labor force overexploitation processes because it helps to decrease the reproduction of the working class costs. Its existence and persistence is, therefore, functional to the workforce overexploitation processes, which explains its persistence, overall in Latin America, and especially in Brazil, over a range of legal and social measures aimed to fight it. Using it allows the costs decrease with the workforce reproduction; contributes to the workforce reproduction process and in the transmission of instituted values that are transmitted by culture, which helps to reproduce the class and gender inequalities; the State irresponsibility is reinforced in what refers to policies focused in family assistance, coming to generate new rights to the working class infancy and a new meaning to the domestic child labor with great implications to the infant’s condition. Which refers to particular childhood experiences of the working class, and overexploitation of the workforce and by the expropriation of rights, in which is marked and delimited by overexploitation with emphasis on the violation of children’s rights.

abstract: The division of household tasks has been studied extensively over the past fifty years, but there are unanswered questions about why partners still report imbalances. In this study, I employed a grounded theory research design to systematically collect and analyze data from newly cohabitating, dual-earner couples to generate theory. Three prominent theories (relative resources, time availability and gender ideology) served as the framework for this research. The purpose of this study was to expose the processes of meaning-making, interpretations and decision-making regarding divisions of housework and to determine if, and if so how, dissymmetry in household tasks are understood. My research questions addressed the meanings newly cohabitating couples ascribed to household tasks by and explored how they understand their allocation of these tasks. Eighteen in-depth interviews of six newly cohabitating couples were conducted. Results from the study highlight six major themes that contribute to couples’ meaning-making processes regarding housework performance: care, consistency, expectations, gender & upbringing, micromanagement, and task preference. These findings contribute to the broader body of housework literature by demonstrating how grounded theory methods may offer a unique approach to the examination of household task performance. Further, germination of the blended output theory of housework (B.O.T.H.) that emerged from this study could provide an opportunity to better understand changing family structures. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Communication 2019

O envelhecimento populacional tem como uma de suas implicações o aumento do número de indivíduos com incapacidade funcional, o que gera uma demanda por de cuidados de longa duração, exercidos principalmente pelas famílias. Essas, por suas transformações contemporâneas tendem a ter reduzida a sua capacidade de atender a essa demanda. Assim, a presença do cuidador formal domiciliar de pessoa idosa como elemento fundamental, nesse contexto, deixa de ser um problema do âmbito privado e configura-se em uma questão de saúde pública. O presente estudo investigou a trajetória ocupacional de cuidadoras formais domiciliares de pessoas idosas, com o objetivo de compreender seus principais eventos e características, a percepção que elas têm do seu trabalho, de seu processo de capacitação e do cuidado. Nesta pesquisa qualitativa, os dados foram examinados com utilização da técnica da Análise do Discurso, a partir da construção de uma linha cronológica das trajetórias, com seus principais eventos e categorização das frases significativas, destacadas dos relatos. As categorias empíricas de análise foram: trabalho, gênero, qualificação e cuidado. Verificou-se que as mulheres chegam ao trabalho de cuidadora formal domiciliar de pessoa idosa pelo trabalho doméstico, pela qualificação formal ou pela experiência de cuidar de seus familiares idosos. As trajetórias são caracterizadas pela precarização do trabalho, especialmente daqueles desenvolvidos no ambiente domiciliar, pela inserção e reinserção das mulheres no mercado de trabalho via ambiente doméstico, pela desvalorização do trabalho feminino, pela dificuldade em conciliar os cuidados aos filhos e familiares idosos com o trabalho remunerado, pela escolarização e profissionalização (quando há) tardias, pela experiência prática como sendo a principal ferramenta qualificadora, e pelo cuidado como disposição ética promotora de sentido para a atividade laboral. Conclui-se que, a promoção de relações de gênero mais igualitárias, a educação formal específica, a regulamentação da profissão e a adoção de um novo modelo de trabalho e emprego na área de cuidados à pessoa idosa, podem melhorar a qualidade desse trabalho, assim como promover o bem estar dos idosos dependentes e de suas famílias / One of the consequences of population aging is the growth of individuals with functional disability which creates a demand for long term care, primarily exercised by the families. Due to contemporary transformations, families tend to reduce their ability to meet this demand. Therefore, the presence formal home caregiver of elderly as a key element in this context is no longer a private issue to become a matter of public health. The present study investigated the occupational trajectory of formal female home caregivers of elderly, aiming to understand their key events and their main characteristics, as well as the perception they have of their own job, their process of training and about care itself. This qualitative research has examined the data using the Discourse Analysis technique, starting from the construction of a timeline of each trajectory, which embraced its main events and the categorization of all significant sentences, highlighted from their stories. The empirical categories of analysis were: work, gender, qualification and care. It was found that women start up as formal home caregivers of elderly through domestic housework, formal qualification or the experience of caring for their own elderly relatives. The trajectories are characterized by poor job relations, especially the ones developed in the home environment, by the integration and reintegration of women into the labor market through domestic environment, the devaluation of women\'s work, by the difficulty in reconciling the care of their children and elderly relatives with their professional paid activities, for late education and professional training (when existed), by practical experience as the main qualifying tool, and the care as an ethical promoter of sense for labor activities. This study concludes that promoting more equitable gender relation, specific formal education, legal regulation of the profession and the adoption of a new model of work and employment for the formal caregivers of elderly field, tend to improve the quality of this work, as well as promote the well-being of the dependent elderly and their families.

O emprego doméstico é uma forma de oferta de trabalho reprodutivo que emprega principalmente mulheres de classes e raças desprivilegiadas dentro do sistema capitalista. Estas características parecem acentuar-se nos países com alto nível de desigualdade social, como no caso dos latino-americanos, em que a formação dos estados-nação ocorreu de maneira racialmente estratificada. No caso do Brasil, a formação do trabalho doméstico remunerado está associada ao nosso passado escravocrata e a permanência de relações raciais desiguais após a abolição. O objetivo principal desta dissertação é analisar as principais características do emprego e das pessoas ocupadas como domésticas no Brasil, tanto para traçar-lhes um perfil atualizado como para evidenciar as principais mudanças em anos recentes. Secundariamente, tratamos de analisar as relações de gênero e raça envolvidas na ocupação doméstica, e a evolução da legislação trabalhista brasileira, buscando compreender avanços e permanências nas duas últimas décadas. Utilizamos como metodologia no tratamento da evidência empírica, a estatística descritiva, com base em dados da Pesquisa de Emprego de Desemprego (PED), para sete regiões metropolitanas brasileiras, para os anos de 1996 a 2013. Também foi realizada revisão de literatura e das normas legais sobre o tema. A despeito da importância do emprego doméstico como empregador de mão de obra feminina, especialmente negra no país, é uma ocupação que possui historicamente alto nível de informalidade, baixos salários e legislação trabalhista inferior às demais categorias. Apesar da grande precariedade, houve, nas últimas duas décadas mudanças marcantes, que se relacionam tanto ao perfil ocupacional e da ocupação. Houve também avanços nas conquistas de direitos trabalhistas, sendo que a mais recente foi através da Lei Complementar no 150 de 1o de junho de 2015. Estas mudanças acompanham as transformações socioeconômicas recentes que impactaram no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. / Domestic labor is a form of reproductive work offer that employs majorly women of underprivileged classes and races in the capitalist system. This characteristic seems to be accentuated in countries with high levels of social inequality, such as the Latin-American region in which the formation of the nation states occurred in a racial stratified way. Regarding Brazil, the formation of remunerated domestic labor is associated with our slavery past and the persistence of uneven racial treatment after the abolition. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the main characteristics of labor and people identified as domestic workers in Brazil, and to draw an updated profile along with highlighting the most important changes in recent years. Secondarily, we will seize to analyze gender and race relations involved in the domestic employment, and the evolution of Brazilian Labor Legislation, seeking to comprehend progresses and maintenances in the last two decades. As a methodology in treatment of empiric data, was used the descriptive statistics, based upon data from the Pesquisa de Emprego e Desemprego (PED), of seven Brazilian metropolitan zones on the years of 1996 through 2013. It was also realized a literature and legal norms revision on the subject. Despite the importance of domestic labor as an employer of feminine work force, especially among the black community, it has historically, a high level of informality, low salaries and inferior labor legislation in comparison with the others categories. Even though the evident substandard conditions, there was, in the last couple of decades, some substantial improvements, which relate as much with the occupation profile as with de occupation itself. There were also some advances in achieving more labor rights, being the most recent the Complementary Law n 150 on June 1, 2015. These changes are following the social economical transformations that recently affected the Brazilian labor market.

Essa dissertação apresenta uma etnografia de caráter comparativo das relações entre empregadas domésticas e seus empregadores, no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Com foco no entendimento das maneiras específicas com que empregadores contratam, interagem, e discutem a respeito de suas empregadas domésticas, a obra almeja alcançar um maior entendimento da reprodução e legitimação da desigualdade e da influência da ideologia econômica neoliberal nos dois países. O estudo apresenta uma tipologia binacional de empregadas domésticas, uma análise histórica das transições históricas no emprego doméstico nos dois países e um estudo dos fatores econômicos influenciando o trabalho doméstico. A conclusão propõe que apenas um continuum recomeço, com relações \"tradicionais\" e afetivas, enraizado em relações sociais desenvolvidas em sociedades pré-capitalistas, e tendendo a relações mais \"racionalistas\" e impessoais pode explicar uma grande parte do desenvolvimento da profissão nos dois países. Porém, não é trabalhando para a evolução da ocupação profissional nesse sentido é que haverá melhorias para a empregada doméstica de forma duradoura. Para que mudanças fundamentais ocorram para melhorar a vida no emprego doméstico, é necessária ação coletiva que enfrente a racionalidade neoliberal hegemônica - uma força cultural e estrutural - que tem reconfigurado as paisagens socioeconômicas dos dois países e, nas últimas décadas, deixado cada vez mais mulheres sem outra opção que entrar para o emprego doméstico. O caso de emprego doméstico entre esses dois países demonstra bem como a racionalidade e as políticas neoliberais facilitam a reprodução continua de formas de desigualdade e servidão antes associadas com ordens sociais obsoletos. / This thesis presents a comparative ethnography of the relations of domestic employment in Brazil and the United States. With a focus on understanding the specific ways in which employers contract, interact with, and discuss their domestic workers, the work aims to develop a greater understanding of the reproduction and legitimation of social inequality and the influence of neoliberal economic ideology in the two countries. The study presents a proposed binational typology of domestic workers, a historical analysis of the transitions in domestic work in the two countries and a study of economic factors influencing domestic work. The conclusion proposes that a continuum beginning with \"traditional\", affective relations, rooted in social relations developed in pre-capitalist societies, and leading increasingly towards more \"rationalistic\" and impersonal relations can explain much of the development of the profession\'s relations in the two countries, but that working to simply push the occupation forward on this path will not in itself help the domestic worker. For fundamental change to occur to improve the lives of the women in domestic employment, collective action towards overall societal change is necessary, challenging the hegemonic neoliberal rationality - in itself both a cultural and structural force - that has reconfigured the socioeconomic landscapes of both countries and shifted increasing numbers of women into domestic employment in recent decades. The case of domestic employment across these two nations is an exceptional demonstration of the ways in which neoliberal rationality and policy make possible the continued reproduction of forms of inequality and servitude once associated with outmoded social orders.