[pt] O Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE) apresenta duas escalas cujo propósito é o de quantificar a ansiedade enquanto estado (IDATE-E) e a ansiedade enquanto traço (IDATE-T). O estado de ansiedade consiste numa condição cognitivoafetiva transitória enquanto que o traço de ansiedade representa uma característica mais estável da personalidade. Vários estudos indicam que estrutura latente da escala IDATET apresenta dois fatores. Diferentes interpretações destes dois fatores têm sido levantadas. Uma delas aponta para um fator composto por itens com conteúdo semântico que expressam a presença de ansiedade, tensão ou preocupação enquanto que o outro fator parece estar relacionado com itens cujo conteúdo semântico expressa a ausência de ansiedade, tais como tranqüilidade, estabilidade e satisfação. Entretanto, outros estudos sugerem que um destes fatores estaria mais diretamente relacionado à depressão. Frente a esta discussão, o propósito do presente estudo foi o de reavaliar a estrutura fatorial desta escala a partir de três amostras brasileiras com características distintas: a) estudantes de duas Universidades da cidade do Rio de Janeiro; b) estudantes do último ano do ensino médio da cidade de Brasília; c) militares em processo de avaliação. Os resultados indicaram a existência de estruturas fatoriais distintas do IDATE-T em função da amostra estudada. Amostras formadas por universitários e alunos do ensino médio apresentaram uma estrutura fatorial favorável à interpretação de um componente de ansiedade e outro de depressão. Por outro lado, a amostra formada por militares em processo de avaliação favoreceu uma interpretação mais especifica dos IDATE-T, onde os dois fatores parecem estar associados à presença ou à ausência de ansiedade. Aspectos teóricos relacionados com a capacidade que instrumentos têm em distinguir constructos relacionados com ansiedade e depressão são discutidos. / [en] The State - Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is composed of two scales which intend to measures state (STAI-S) and trait (STAI-T) anxiety components. State anxiety refers to a transitory emotional state characterized by subjective feelings of tension that may vary in intensity over time whereas trait anxiety represents a relatively stable disposition to respond to stress with anxiety and a tendency to perceive a wider range of situations as threatening. Several studies indicate that STAI-T latent structure presents two factors. Different interpretations have been raised to explain the nature of these factors. One of them proposed that that one factor is composed by items which express the presence of anxiety, such as tension and worry whereas the other factor seems to be related with items which express the absence of anxiety, such as rest, stability and satisfaction. However, other studies pointed out that one of these factors might be related to humor, more specifically depression. Therefore, the present study further investigates the factor structure of the STAI-T in three different Brazilian samples with distinct characteristics: a) students from two different Universities from Rio de Janeiro; b) high school students from Brasilia and c) marine subjects during a military draft. Results indicated that STAI-T factor structure depended on the sample investigated. University and high school students presented a factorial structure convergent with the anxiety and depression interpretation. On the other hand, the military sample presented a factorial structure based on the anxiety present anxiety absence interpretation. Theoretical aspects related to the ability of instruments to discriminate anxiety and depression are discussed.

Previous research into the accuracy of referrals for glaucoma has shown that a large number of referrals to the Hospital Eye Service are false positive. Research in areas of healthcare other than ophthalmology has shown that psychological distress can be caused by false positive referrals. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of referrals to the HES for all ocular pathologies, and also to quantify the proportion of these referrals that were false positive. Any commonality between false positive referrals was investigated. The psychological effect of being referred to the HES was also evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Both scales were validated in this population with Rasch analysis before use. A final aim was to develop an improvement to the present referral pathway in order to reduce numbers of false positive referrals. The accuracy of referrals to the HES appears to improve as clinicians become more experienced, and greater numbers of false positive referrals are generated by female clinicians. Optometrists refer patients with a wide range of ocular diseases and in most cases include both fundus observations and visual acuity measurements in their referrals. GPs mainly refer patients with anterior segment disorders, particularly lid lesions, based on direct observation and symptoms. Illegibility and missing clinical information reduce the quality of many optometric referrals. Patients referred to the HES experience raised levels of anxiety as measured by the STAI and raised levels of depression as measured by the HADS-Depression subscale. As a method of assessing psychological distress, the questionnaires HADS-T (all items), STAI-S (State subscale) and STAI-T (Trait subscale) show good discrimination between patients when administered to a population of new ophthalmic outpatients, despite all having a floor effect. Subsequently a referral refinement service was developed which reduced numbers of unnecessary referrals and reduced costs for the NHS.

Previous research into the accuracy of referrals for glaucoma has shown that a large number of referrals to the Hospital Eye Service are false positive. Research in areas of healthcare other than ophthalmology has shown that psychological distress can be caused by false positive referrals. The present study aimed to evaluate the quality of referrals to the HES for all ocular pathologies, and also to quantify the proportion of these referrals that were false positive. Any commonality between false positive referrals was investigated. The psychological effect of being referred to the HES was also evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Both scales were validated in this population with Rasch analysis before use. A final aim was to develop an improvement to the present referral pathway in order to reduce numbers of false positive referrals. The accuracy of referrals to the HES appears to improve as clinicians become more experienced, and greater numbers of false positive referrals are generated by female clinicians. Optometrists refer patients with a wide range of ocular diseases and in most cases include both fundus observations and visual acuity measurements in their referrals. GPs mainly refer patients with anterior segment disorders, particularly lid lesions, based on direct observation and symptoms. Illegibility and missing clinical information reduce the quality of many optometric referrals. Patients referred to the HES experience raised levels of anxiety as measured by the STAI and raised levels of depression as measured by the HADS-Depression subscale. As a method of assessing psychological distress, the questionnaires HADS-T (all items), STAI-S (State subscale) and STAI-T (Trait subscale) show good discrimination between patients when administered to a population of new ophthalmic outpatients, despite all having a floor effect. Subsequently a referral refinement service was developed which reduced numbers of unnecessary referrals and reduced costs for the NHS.

Este trabalhou avaliou o stress e a ansiedade em 30 casais, que se submeteram à reprodução assistida no momento anterior à coleta dos óvulos e/ou espermatozóides, tendo um tempo de infertilidade que variou de 1 a 17 anos. Para avaliação da ansiedade foi aplicado o STAI-STATE TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY (STAI) e o Stress foi avaliado através do SCOPE-STRESS. No STAI foi acrescentada uma escala visual analógica para medir também a intensidade da ansiedade. A Ficha de Identificação avaliou questões como: idade, sexo, nacionalidade, profissão, ocupação, religião, grau de instrução, renda mensal, estado civil, tempo de casado e questões como: tempo de infertilidade, filhos naturais ou adotivos, profissionais implicados no tratamento, a existência de tentativas anteriores e os momentos de maior tensão emocional nas tentativas anteriores e a atual. Dentre os 36 sujeitos que já haviam feito tentativas anteriores de Reprodução Assistida, um dos três momentos de maior tensão emocional foi o de aguardar a gravidez. Dentre os 60 sujeitos, ou seja, todos os que estão na tentativa atual, aguardar a gravidez foi também um dos três momentos que geraram maior tensão. O diagnóstico de infertilidade foi misto em 33,3% dos casais, apenas feminino em 20% e apenas masculino em 46,7% dos casais. As mulheres apresentaram grau de ansiedade significantemente maior que os homens quanto às escalas Stai-Trait freqüência e intensidade e semelhantes quanto às escalas Stai-State freqüência e intensidade. Não houve diferença significante entre os escores médios dos homens e mulheres quanto às medidas descritivas do Scope-Stress. / This work evaluated stress and anxiety in 30 couples submitted to assisted reproduction, with an infertility period that ranged from 1 to 17 years, the moment just before the oocyte retrieval and/or semen sample. For anxiety evaluation the Stai-State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied, and stress was evaluated using the Scope-Stress. While applying STAI, a visual analogic scale was added to measure the intensity of anxiety. The identification form included information such as: age, gender, nationality, profession, occupation, religion, school level, monthly income, marital status, married time and issues such as: infertility period, existence of natural or adoptive children, professionals involved in infertility treatment, existence of previous attempts and the moments of major emotional stress during the previous attempts and during the present one. Among the 36 subjects submitted to previous attempts of Assisted Reproduction, one of the three moments of major emotional stress was the attendance of pregnancy confirmation. Among the all 60 subjects submitted to the present attempt, attendance of pregnancy confirmation also was one of the three moments of major emotional stress. Infertility diagnosis was mixed in 33,3% of the couples, exclusively feminine in 20% and exclusively masculine in 46,7% of the couples. Women presented a significantly higher anxiety degree than men, regarding the STAI-TRAIT scales of frequency and intensity and similar regarding the STAI-STATE scales of frequency and intensity. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of men and women regarding descriptive measures of the SCOPE-STRESS.

Approximately 52% of cancer patients require radiation therapy during the progression of their illness. Radiation therapy is a safe procedure; however, errors may occur and have the potential to harm patients. Recent studies have looked at patient engagement as a means of preventing errors in healthcare. Through interviews and focus groups, this study looks at patients’ and radiation therapists’ current perceptions of safety in radiation therapy and whether they feel that patient engagement in the form of a patient-provider collaborative checklist can improve its safety or the perception of safety. Through workflow observations and literature reviews, a patient-provider collaborative checklist was developed. Furthermore, STAI surveys were conducted to document the progression of patient anxiety through treatment. Feedback from radiation therapists demonstrated their opinions on the usability of the final iteration of the patient-provider collaborative checklist and how it could fit into the clinical setting.

Approximately 52% of cancer patients require radiation therapy during the progression of their illness. Radiation therapy is a safe procedure; however, errors may occur and have the potential to harm patients. Recent studies have looked at patient engagement as a means of preventing errors in healthcare. Through interviews and focus groups, this study looks at patients’ and radiation therapists’ current perceptions of safety in radiation therapy and whether they feel that patient engagement in the form of a patient-provider collaborative checklist can improve its safety or the perception of safety. Through workflow observations and literature reviews, a patient-provider collaborative checklist was developed. Furthermore, STAI surveys were conducted to document the progression of patient anxiety through treatment. Feedback from radiation therapists demonstrated their opinions on the usability of the final iteration of the patient-provider collaborative checklist and how it could fit into the clinical setting.

Este trabalhou avaliou o stress e a ansiedade em 30 casais, que se submeteram à reprodução assistida no momento anterior à coleta dos óvulos e/ou espermatozóides, tendo um tempo de infertilidade que variou de 1 a 17 anos. Para avaliação da ansiedade foi aplicado o STAI-STATE TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY (STAI) e o Stress foi avaliado através do SCOPE-STRESS. No STAI foi acrescentada uma escala visual analógica para medir também a intensidade da ansiedade. A Ficha de Identificação avaliou questões como: idade, sexo, nacionalidade, profissão, ocupação, religião, grau de instrução, renda mensal, estado civil, tempo de casado e questões como: tempo de infertilidade, filhos naturais ou adotivos, profissionais implicados no tratamento, a existência de tentativas anteriores e os momentos de maior tensão emocional nas tentativas anteriores e a atual. Dentre os 36 sujeitos que já haviam feito tentativas anteriores de Reprodução Assistida, um dos três momentos de maior tensão emocional foi o de aguardar a gravidez. Dentre os 60 sujeitos, ou seja, todos os que estão na tentativa atual, aguardar a gravidez foi também um dos três momentos que geraram maior tensão. O diagnóstico de infertilidade foi misto em 33,3% dos casais, apenas feminino em 20% e apenas masculino em 46,7% dos casais. As mulheres apresentaram grau de ansiedade significantemente maior que os homens quanto às escalas Stai-Trait freqüência e intensidade e semelhantes quanto às escalas Stai-State freqüência e intensidade. Não houve diferença significante entre os escores médios dos homens e mulheres quanto às medidas descritivas do Scope-Stress. / This work evaluated stress and anxiety in 30 couples submitted to assisted reproduction, with an infertility period that ranged from 1 to 17 years, the moment just before the oocyte retrieval and/or semen sample. For anxiety evaluation the Stai-State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was applied, and stress was evaluated using the Scope-Stress. While applying STAI, a visual analogic scale was added to measure the intensity of anxiety. The identification form included information such as: age, gender, nationality, profession, occupation, religion, school level, monthly income, marital status, married time and issues such as: infertility period, existence of natural or adoptive children, professionals involved in infertility treatment, existence of previous attempts and the moments of major emotional stress during the previous attempts and during the present one. Among the 36 subjects submitted to previous attempts of Assisted Reproduction, one of the three moments of major emotional stress was the attendance of pregnancy confirmation. Among the all 60 subjects submitted to the present attempt, attendance of pregnancy confirmation also was one of the three moments of major emotional stress. Infertility diagnosis was mixed in 33,3% of the couples, exclusively feminine in 20% and exclusively masculine in 46,7% of the couples. Women presented a significantly higher anxiety degree than men, regarding the STAI-TRAIT scales of frequency and intensity and similar regarding the STAI-STATE scales of frequency and intensity. There was no significant difference between the mean scores of men and women regarding descriptive measures of the SCOPE-STRESS.

No description available.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar os padrões de uso de "êxtase" na cidade de São Paulo. Os usuários foram recrutados através da técnica de amostragem snowball, também utilizada para o recrutamento do grupo controle, composto de indivíduos com estilo de vida semelhante aos primeiros mas que nunca haviam experimentado "êxtase" (não usuários). Usuários (52) e não usuários (52) foram entrevistados quanto às características sócio-demográficas e quanto ao uso de drogas psicotrópicas; usuários também responderam questões sobre circunstâncias de uso e efeitos do "êxtase". Através da Escala de Impulsividade de Barratt e dos Inventários de Depressão de Beck e de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE-traço) foram medidas impulsividade, depressão e ansiedade de ambos os grupos. Os dois grupos apresentaram características sócio-demográficas semelhantes: a maioria pertencia à classe média, era jovem, heterossexual, solteira e com nível superior. Entre os usuários o consumo de outras drogas psicotrópicas foi expressivamente superior. Outras características mais freqüentes no grupo de usuários foram a presença de tatuagens e piercings, a frequência a "raves" e a preferência pela música eletrônica. No Inventário de Depressão de Beck os usuários apresentaram pontuação significativamente menor quanto à depressão. Os resultados das escalas de impulsividade e ansiedade não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos. Os padrões de uso de "êxtase" dos usuários entrevistados são semelhantes aos padrões descritos por pesquisas realizadas na Europa e em Sidney: a maioria dos usuários consome um ou dois comprimidos a cada episódio de uso, apenas nos finais de semana ou férias, mais freqüentemente na companhia de várias pessoas, em ambientes ligados ao lazer noturno, como lugares para dançar, "raves" e festas. Os comprimidos são geralmente adquiridos de amigos ou conhecidos nesses locais. A maioria dos usuários associa "êxtase" a outras drogas psicotrópicas, particularmente maconha. As características sócio-demográficas dos usuários entrevistados e seus padrões de aquisição e consumo de "êxtase" indicam um caráter pouco marginal do uso. São sugeridas estratégias de Redução de Dano caso o uso de "êxtase" se difunda em São Paulo. / The present study was aimed at identifying patterns of ecstasy (MDMA) use in the city of São Paulo. Ecstasy users were recruited through the snowball technique. Using the same technique, a control group of subjects that had never tried the drug (non users) was recruited among individuals sharing with users a similar life style. Users (N=52) and non users (N=52) were interviewed in order to obtain socio-demographic data and data on use of psychoactive drugs; users were also questionned as to the circumstances surrounding their use of the drug. Besides, levels of anxiety, depression and impulsiveness were assessed through Spielberger's IDATE Trace Inventory, Beck's Depression Inventory and Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Both users and non users revealed similar socio-demographic characteristics: most subjects were middle class young heterosexual single men and women who had a college degree. Multiple drug use was more frequent among users than among non users. Other features that were significantly more accentuated among users than among non users were the presence of tattoos and piercings, the frequency to raves and the preference for electronic music. Beck Inventory results pointed to significantly lower depression scores among users. No differences were observed between groups in anxiety and impulsiveness scores. Ecstasy consumption patterns among users are similar to those reported in Europe and Australia: most subjects take one or two pills per episode, during weekends or vacations, usually with company and in social gatherings such as dancings, raves and parties. The drug is predominantly acquired from friends or acquaintances in these same spots. Most users reported consuming ecstasy in combination with other psychoactive drugs, particularly marihuana. The socio-demographic features of users as well as the way they buy and consume the drug suggest that the present pattern of use is not connected to illegal or marginal activities. Harm reduction strategies are suggested in case of ecstasy's use increases and spreads among the young population of the city.

No description available.