O trabalho apresenta procedimentos e resultados referentes à análise de solos, rejeitos ferrosos de origem mínero-metalúrgica, ligas ferrosas e minérios ferrosos por espectroscopia de fluorescência de raios X com dispersão de energia (EDXRF), com vistas especialmente à identificação e quantificação de metais pesados em ensaios realizados com equipamento portátil. Para solos e lamas, foram realizados estudos com e sem o recurso de adições de padrões internos. Em ambos os casos, foram ignorados os teores de elementos leves importantes como alumínio e silício. Sem a adição de padrões internos, não se obtiveram resultados absolutos, e os teores dos elementos claramente identificados eram expressos de modo relativo. Com a adição de padrões internos, foi possível expressar os teores daqueles elementos como valores absolutos. Para a análise de ligas ferrosas e minérios, utilizou-se o recurso da fluorescência secundária com alvo de ferro, para aumentar a excitação dos elementos mais leves que o ferro e diminuir a intensidade dos picos de escape da família Fe-K. Com este recurso, obteve-se uma elevada correlação entre as áreas dos picos destes elementos e seus teores nominais. Para determinação dos elementos mais pesados que o ferro, utilizou-se o feixe direto. Foi elaborada metodologia para conciliar os resultados obtidos com feixe direto e os obtidos com fluorescência secundária, obtendo-se uma boa aderência aos valores dos teores nominais. Complementarmente o trabalho apresenta uma forma alternativa de estimar erros quantitativos, baseando-se em simulações de espectros, e traz uma forma de visualizar o espectro sob o domínio da frequência para encontrar e remover ruído. / The work presents procedures and results concerning the analysis of soils, ferrous wastes of mineral-metallurgical origin, ferrous alloys and ferrous minerals by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF), with a special focus on the identification and quantification of heavy metals in tests performed with portable equipment. For soils and sludges, studies were carried out with and without the use of additions of internal standards. In both cases, the contents of important light elements such as aluminum and silicon were ignored. Without the addition of internal standards, no absolute results were obtained, and the contents of the clearly identified elements were expressed in relative terms. With the addition of internal standards, it was possible to express the contents of these elements as absolute values. For the analysis of ferrous alloys and ores, the secondary fluorescence with iron target was used to increase the excitation of lighter elements than iron and to reduce the intensity of the escape peaks of the Fe-K family. With this feature, a high correlation was obtained between the areas of the peaks of these elements and their nominal contents. To determine the elements heavier than iron, the direct beam was used. A methodology was developed to reconcile the results obtained with direct beam and those obtained with secondary fluorescence, obtaining a good adhesion to the values of the nominal values. In addition, the work presents an alternative way of estimating quantitative errors, based on spectra simulations, and provides a way to visualize the spectrum under the frequency domain to find and remove noise.

Os Aços Avançados de Alta Resistência ou AHSS (do inglês Advanced High Strength Steels) apresentam muitas vantagens mecânicas em relação aos aços convencionais. Seu uso crescente na indústria automotiva deve-se principalmente à sua capacidade de possibilitar a redução de peso e, ao mesmo tempo, o aumento da segurança aos ocupantes do veículo em caso de colisões. No entanto, apresentam maiores dificuldades no que se refere à conformabilidade (maiores níveis de solicitação e desgaste das ferramentas, menor deformabilidade plástica, etc). Assim, alguns testes para avaliar a conformabilidade destes materiais ganham maior importância. É o caso do Teste de Expansão de Furos, cuja propriedade medida é a Razão de Expansão de Furos (REF). Neste trabalho investiga-se o processo de expansão de furos para o aço avançado de alta resistência (AHSS) martensítico DOCOL 190M, sob as seguintes condições de processo: duas formas de obtenção do furo (jato d’água e usinagem); duas geometrias distintas de punções (cônico de 60º e elíptico); diversos diâmetros do furo inicial; com e sem o uso de lubrificante; com acabamento diferenciado da borda do furo; e expansão com deslocamento do punção em etapas. Os experimentos demonstram que a expansão de furos possui uma estreita relação com a geometria do punção utilizado para a expansão, bem como com o diâmetro do furo inicial, acabamento da borda e condições de lubrificação. A partir dos resultados experimentais de expansão de furos foi possível realizar a calibração de um software de simulação computacional em relação ao dano crítico do material no momento da fatura na borda do furo. / Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) offer many mechanical advantages over conventional steels. Its increasing use in the automotive industry is mainly due to its ability to reduce weight and, at the same time, increase occupant safety in the event of collisions. However, they present greater difficulties with respect to the formability (higher levels of solicitation and wear of the tools, lower plastic formability, etc). Thus, some tests to evaluate the formability of these materials come to have greater importance. This is the case of the Hole Expansion Test, whose measured property is the Hole Expansion Ratio (REF). This work investigates the hole expansion process for a martensitic advanced high-strength steel (AHSS), DOCOL 190M, under the following process conditions: two ways of obtaining the hole (water jet and machining); two different geometries of punctures (conical of 60º and elliptical); various diameters of the initial hole; with and without the use of lubricant; with differentiated finishing of the hole edge; and expansion with punch displacement in steps. The experiments demonstrate that the hole expansion has a close relationship with the geometry of the punch used for the expansion, as well as the initial hole diameter, edge finish and lubrication conditions. From the experimental hole expansion results it was possible to carry out the calibration of a computational simulation software in relation to the critical damage of the material at the moment of hole edge rupture.

O desempenho de serras de fita bimetálica depende principalmente das características da junção de suas extremidades, executada pelo processo de soldagem topo-a-topo por centelhamento. Este é um processo de soldagem por resistência, constituído por um aquecimento elétrico, seguido por um rápido forjamento dos materiais. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, estudar a influência da variação da corrente elétrica, força de recalque e tratamento térmico de revenimento nas microestruturas e propriedades mecânicas das juntas soldadas topo-a-topo por centelhamento. Neste estudo, foram utilizadas amostras de serras de fita bimetálica de 27 mm de largura e 0,9 mm de espessura. O material é um composto bimetálico constituído por aço rápido M42 para os dentes, soldado a um corpo de aço carbono de baixa liga e alta resistência D-6a. As microestruturas e as propriedades mecânicas das amostras soldadas foram investigadas. Foi observado que os parâmetros de soldagem e o revenimento afetam as propriedades mecânicas. A dureza na seção transversal à linha central da solda apresentou valores levemente superiores à respectiva dureza na seção longitudinal. Amostras não revenidas resultaram em maior resistência à tração, associada ao parâmetro de menor temperatura de revenimento. Ficou evidenciado que o revenimento reduziu a dureza e a resistência à tração de todas as amostras. / The performance of bimetal band saw blades depends mainly on the features of joining their ends, carried out by flash butt welding process. This is a resistance welding method, which consists of electrical heating followed by a fast material forging. The present work has the objective of studying the influence of changing the electrical current, upset force and tempering heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the flash butt welded joints. In this study, samples of bimetal band saw blades having width of 27 mm and thickness of 0.9 mm were employed. The material consists of a composite M42 high speed steel for the teeth welded together with a D-6a ultra-high strength carbon low alloy steel for the backer. The microstructure and mechanical properties have been investigated. It is pointed out that welding parameters and tempering affected the mechanical properties. The transversal hardness to the welding center line has shown values slightly higher than the respective longitudinal hardness. Non-tempered samples gave the highest tensile strength with the parameter of lowest tempering temperature. It is also found that the tempering reduces the hardness and the tensile strength of all samples.

Gas nitriding is an important thermochemical surface treatment that is used to improve the wear and corrosion resistance as well as the fatigue endurance of steel parts. Accurate process control is the effective way to ensure the properties reliability of nitriding process. To realize the accurate process control, the nitriding process parameters need to be modeled and controlled to meet the specifications. There has been ongoing effort on the simulation of the gas nitriding process since 1990s. However, most of the work has been done to simulate the gas nitriding process of pure iron due to the limited thermodynamics and kinetics information available on the gas nitriding process of steels. The objective of this project is to develop an accurate and user friendly software model to simulate the gas nitriding process of steels based on the fundamental understanding of thermodynamics and kinetics. In this work, the customized Lehrer diagram which describes the phase stabilities in specified steel as a function of nitriding potential and temperature has been successfully constructed by computational thermodynamics for the first time. Based on the Lehrer diagrams for steels, the compound layer growth model is proposed to simulate the gas nitriding process of steels. By using this model, the properties of the nitrided steels based on the phase constitution, surface nitrogen concentration, nitrogen concentration profile, case depth, as well as growth kinetics can be simulated as a function of the process parameters (temperature, time, and the nitriding atmosphere). The results of the model are in excellent agreement with experimental results.

A busca por alternativas para aumentar a resistência à oxidação ao ar a altas temperaturas de metais e ligas aumenta a cada dia, devido à necessidade de otimização da vida útil dos equipamentos que operam nestas condições. Novos materiais projetados para trabalhar nestas condições possibilitam reduzir custos de manutenção, aumentando a produtividade dos equipamentos, devido à redução do tempo de paradas programadas. O uso de aços inoxidáveis microligados a elementos terras raras é uma das alternativas adotadas, por exemplo, para tubulações para a indústria de petróleo e gás. Este trabalho estuda a resistência à oxidação ao ar a altas temperaturas de juntas soldadas de um aço inoxidável austenítico microligado ao cério. As juntas soldadas foram confeccionadas através do processo de soldagem MIG/MAG, depositando-se cordões de solda em chapas de aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 304L, variando-se a composição dos gases de proteção e mantendo-se os outros parâmetros de soldagem. Amostras dos diferentes metais depositados foram preparadas através de corte com disco diamantado e submetidas a ensaios de oxidação a altas temperaturas ao ar em balança termogravimétrica. Os corpos de prova oxidados foram estudados usandose microscópio óptico, microscópio eletrônico de varredura com EDS e difração de raios X. Observaram-se cinéticas de oxidação parabólicas em todas as temperaturas estudadas: 800, 900, 1000 e 1100 °C. Os Kps encontrados neste trabalho reforçam a tese de que ocorra a formação de películas protetoras de Cr2O3 e SiO2, o que reforça a hipótese que as mesmas tenham sido efetivamente formadas após os estágios iniciais de oxidação. Em todos os corpos de prova oxidados ao ar nas diferentes temperaturas, observou-se a formação de uma película não protetora de óxidos de ferro (Fe2O3, Fe3O4 e FeO) e posterior formação de uma camada protetora mais espessa de crômia (Cr2O3). Mais internamente observou-se a formação de SiO2. / The search for alternatives to increase the high temperatures oxidation resistance in air of metals and alloys increases every day due to the need to optimization of the life expectancy of equipment operating in these conditions. New materials designed to work in these conditions make it possible to reduce maintenance costs, increasing productivity of equipment due to reduced shutdowns. The use of austenitic stainless steel microalloyed with rare earth elements is adopted an alternative, for example, to tubes and pipes for the oil and gas industry. This work aims to study the high temperature oxidation resistance in air of welded joints of an austenitic stainless steel microalloyed with cerium. The welded joints were welded using MIG / MAG welding process, depositing weld beads on a sheet of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L by varying the composition of the shielding gases. Samples of the different welded joints were prepared by cutting with a diamond disk and were subjected to high temperatures oxidation testing in thermogravimetric balance. The oxidized specimens were studied using optic microscopy, scanning electron microscope with EDS and Xray diffraction. Parabolic oxidation kinetics were observed at all temperatures studied: 800, 900, 1000 and 1100 °C. The Kps found in this work reinforce the thesis that the formation of protective films of Cr2O3 and SiO2 occurs, reinforcing the hypothesis that they have been effectively formed after the initial stages of oxidation. In all specimens oxidized at different temperatures, a formation of a non-protective layer of iron oxides (Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and FeO) and subsequent formation of a thicker protective layer of chromite (Cr2O3) was observed. More internally, SiO2 formation was observed.

A combination of fractography, microstructural analysis and finite element modelling was used to investigate several topics relating to the fatigue of nuclear grades of austenitic stainless steel operating in both air and simulated PWR water environments. The work is broadly separated into four main categories. The first two involved analysing specimens from standard fatigue endurance tests using a wide range of microscopic techniques. The relevance and uses of a modern laser scanning confocal microscope are presented and the benefits of using such a technique are discussed. Methods for the automation of both striation counting procedures and hysteresis data analysis are described and the results are demonstrated. Finite element analyses were performed in order to develop the understanding of fatigue crack growth within standard cylindrical endurance specimens. A variety of different crack tip parameters were used in order to develop expressions for crack growth rates in terms of the strain intensity factor and the J-integral. The derived expressions were compared to the results of striation spacing measurements from multiple endurance specimens that were tested in both air and water environments. The expressions were used to perform back-fitting calculations on standard endurance curves in order to produce alternative curves representing the number of loading cycles to cause the initiation of short cracks with depths in the range of 0.25-0.5 mm. The effects of hold-times on the fatigue life of stainless steel endurance specimens were explored as part of the international AdFaM research programme. Results from the programme partners are presented which demonstrate the beneficial effects of static hold-times on extending the fatigue lifetime of specimens. A range of microstructural analyses were performed on test specimens and results are presented. No significant effects of hold-times on microstructure, crack growth rates or material hardness were found. Analysis of hysteresis data demonstrated an increase in the cyclic hardening and a decrease in the plastic strain range after a hold. From an analysis of the fatigue test results, it was concluded that hold-times affect the earliest stages of fatigue (nucleation and initiation), most likely due to the effects of strain ageing. Several possible explanations for the observed phenomenon of specimen shrinkage during static holds are presented and discussed, however no conclusive explanation was identified. Further work is identified that could lead to future improvements in the understanding of all areas of investigation that have been reported. Overall, the work reported here has helped to develop the understanding of fatigue behaviour and mechanisms in the materials of interest. This was done through investigations using a synergistic combination of microscopy and numerical modelling techniques.

The worldwide preferred method for rail joining is welding; flash butt welding (FBW) and thermite welding (TW) are the two main welding methods used for joining continuous welded rail (CWR) tracks. However, the welds still represent a discontinuity in the track structure due to variations in microstructure, mechanical properties and residual stress levels with respect to the parent rail. These variations can play significant roles in increasing the risk of weld failure under service conditions. In order to better understand how FBW parameters affect these variations, the two main parameters; number of preheating cycles and upsetting forces were varied in three 56E1 rail welds, welded by a stationary FBW machine. Besides, these variations were systematically compared with those that occur in a standard thermite 60E2 rail weld. The thermite weld showed a heat affected zone (HAZ) extent much greater than those measured in the flash butt welds. The flash butt rail weld with a greater upsetting force (Standard Crushed) showed a HAZ extent larger than those in the other two welds (Standard Uncrushed and Narrow-HAZ Crushed), while the weld with fewer preheating cycles (Narrow-HAZ Crushed) showed a smaller extent of the HAZ.All welds showed pearlite colonies with proeutectoid ferrite at the prior austenite grain boundaries in the weld centre, and in the thermite weld zone. The rest zones across the welds exhibited almost fully pearlitic microstructures, but the pearlite at nearly the visible HAZ extents was partially spheroidised. The partially spheroidization zone had the minimum hardness across each of the thermite and flash butt welds. The Narrow-HAZ Crushed weld showed hardness in the weld centre, on average, higher than that of the parent metal. Moreover, the averaged hardness levels in this weld were significantly higher than those in the other two welds. However, these levels in the Standard Crushed weld were slightly lower than those in the Standard Uncrushed weld. Although the visible HAZ extent coincided with the point of minimum hardness, the residual stresses arising from the welds seem to extend much further. Contour Method and laboratory X-ray diffraction techniques were used together to measure the residual stress components across the thermite and flash butt rail welds. The longitudinal residual stress distribution showed tension in the web region along with compression in the head and foot regions of the rail welds. The vertical stress distribution across the flash butt welds was generally similar, and the maximum tensile stress values were comparable to those in the longitudinal direction. While the maximum values of the longitudinal tensile stress increased with decreasing the HAZ widths, these values in the vertical direction were significantly unaffected. However, the longitudinal and vertical tensile residual stresses typically promote the vertical straight-break and horizontal split web failure modes respectively.

A utilização de aços ferramenta fabricados com tecnologia da metalurgia do pó, bem como seu uso em aplicações que requerem resistência ao desgaste dos materiais em conformação mecânica de ligas, tem sido alvo de estudo e desenvolvimento pela indústria metalmecânica. Através dessa motivação o principal objetivo do trabalho é caracterizar os mecanismos de desgaste em aços ferramenta produzidos por metalurgia do pó (M/P), utilizados em matrizes de estampagem a frio, relacionando a resistência ao desgaste com a microestrutura temperada e revenida dos aços, tratados pelo processo de têmpera a vácuo. Para tanto, foram realizados experimentos utilizando um Forno a vácuo com capacidade de resfriamento de 12 bar, para realizar o processo de tratamento térmico de têmpera e revenimento em amostras dos aços DIN 1.2767, Vanadis® 4, Vanadis® 10, BOHLER S390 e Vancron® 40. As amostras dos aços foram submetidas a ensaios tribológicos para quantificar a resistência ao desgaste em 20N; ensaio de impacto Charpy, ensaio de dureza e a caracterização microestrutural em MEV. Os principais resultados mostraram que o parâmetro de desgaste (W) mostrou melhor desempenho para o aço S390 V, e pior desempenho para os aço DIN 1.2767 nos diferentes acabamentos ensaiados retificados e polidos. Os resultados de caracterização superficial em MEV mostraram o perfil de desgaste da trilha dos aços com melhor e pior desempenho e quais possíveis depósitos superficiais nos materiais após ensaio. As conclusões previas mostraram menor parâmetro (W) de desgaste para o aço ferramenta BOHLER S390 entre os materiais e maior (W) para o aço DIN 1.2767 nas condições de acabamento ensaiadas. / The use of tool steel fabricated with powder metallurgy technology, as well as its use in applications that require resistance to the wear of materials in mechanical alloying, has been studied and developed by the metalworking industry. Through this motivation the main objective of the work is to characterize the wear mechanisms in powder metallurgy (M / P) tool steel used in cold stamping dies, relating the wear resistance with the tempered and annealed microstructure of the steels, Treated by the vacuum quenching process. For this, experiments were carried out using a vacuum furnace with a cooling capacity of 12 bar to perform the tempering and tempering process in samples of DIN 1.2767, Vanadis® 4, Vanadis® 10, BOHLER S390 and Vancron® 40 steels. Samples Of the steels were subjected to tribological tests to quantify the wear resistance in 20N, Charpy impact test, hardness test and microstructural characterization in SEM. The main results showed that the wear parameter W showed better performance for S390 V steel, and worse performance for DIN 1.2767 steel in the different honed and polished tested finishes. The results of surface characterization in SEM showed the wear profile of the track of the steels with better and worse performance and what possible surface deposits in the materials after the test. The previous conclusions showed lower wear parameter W for tool steel BOHLER S390 between materials and higher W for steel DIN 1.2767 in the finishing conditions tested.

Submitted by WILLIAN ROBERTO VALICELLI SANITÁ null (willian.r.sanita@gmail.com) on 2017-03-17T01:27:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 API 5L X-70 NdYAG - REV-00.pdf: 14588761 bytes, checksum: 027f498ff74dcf88e5b24148813899ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-03-21T18:52:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 sanita_wrv_me_ilha.pdf: 14588761 bytes, checksum: 027f498ff74dcf88e5b24148813899ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T18:52:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sanita_wrv_me_ilha.pdf: 14588761 bytes, checksum: 027f498ff74dcf88e5b24148813899ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-17 / Conduziu-se um estudo da soldagem laser na condição “bead on plate” no aço microligado ARBL API 5L Gr. X70 na forma de chapas com 1,0 x 20 x 120 mm (A x L x P). Realizou-se 12 soldas em atmosfera de gás argônio com fluxo de gás de 15 l/min, diâmetro de feixe de 0,2 mm, ângulo de 90º, taxa de repetição de 9, 8, 7, 6, 5 Hz, velocidade de soldagem de 1 mm/s, profundidades de foco iguais a 0,57 mm abaixo da superfície da peça e energia do pulso (Ep) fixada em 10,0 J. A largura temporal (Lt) foi mantida em 10 ms. O aporte térmico foi variado em 90, 80, 70, 60 e 50 J/ mm. Os resultados foram analisados com base na relação entre potência, geometria do cordão de solda, corrosão, dureza Vickers e microestrutura. Para revelação dos metais de solda utilizou-se reagente Nital 5%. As medidas de geometria (largura e profundidade) dos cordões de solda foram realizadas através de imagens obtidas em câmera digital em um microscópio óptico comum. Foram realizados ensaios de microscopia em microscópio eletrônico de varredura em detector retroespalhado (BSD), afim de verificar com maior clareza as microestruturas das amostras. Para verificação da resistência mecânica foi ensaio de tração nas amostras e no metal de base sem a inserção de entalhe. Para verificação de dureza foram analisados quatro parâmetros sendo eles três linhas horizontais e uma linha vertical no centro do cordão de solda. Para verificação da corrosão foi conduzido ensaio em um potenciostato para ensaio de polarização potenciodinâmica onde foram analisadas as curvas de polarização. Os maiores valores de largura profundidade foram encontrados em maiores valores de potência e largura temporal. As microestruturas das amostras apresentaram formações de ferrita acicular, ferrita alotriomórfica e possíveis elevados teores de martensita no caso das amostras de menor aporte térmico (60 e 50 J/ mm). Todas as amostras apresentaram maior resistência mecânica do que o metal de base, visto que todas romperam no metal de base. Os coeficientes de dureza se mostraram mais elevados para amostras de menor aporte térmico. As resistência de corrosão se mantiveram próximas ao metal base e alguns casos superiores (Ap 70 J/ mm) , visto que provavelmente tenha se formado um filme passivo de óxido após processo de soldagem, resultando em maior resistência. / We carried out a study of laser welding provided "bead on plate" in micro-alloyed steel ARBL API 5L Gr. X70 in the form of plates with 1,0 x 20 x 120 mm (H x W x D). 12 welds was performed in argonic gas flow of 15 l/min, beam diameter 0,2 mm, angle of 90°, repetition rate of 9, 8, 7, 6 and 5 Hz, welding speed of 1 mm/s, gas depths focus equal to 0,57 mm below the surface of the workpiece and the pulse energy (Ep) set at 10,0 J. The time width (Lt) set at 10 ms. The heat input was varied at 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 J/mm. The results were analyzed based on the relationship between power, weld bead geometry, corrosion, Vickers hardness, chemical analysis and microstructure. For structure revelation of the weld metals used both Nital 5%. Measures of geometry (width and depth) of the weld beads were made using images taken by digital camera on an ordinary optical microscope. Microscopy tests were carried out using a scanning electron microscope in a backscattered detector (BSD), in order to verify with greater clarity the microstructures of the samples. For verification of mechanical strength was tensile test on samples and base metal without notch insertion. For verification of hardness were analyzed four parameters being three horizontal lines and a vertical line in the center of the weld bead. To verify the corrosion, a potentiostat test was conducted for potentiodynamic polarization test where the polarization curves were analyzed. The greatest values of depth width were found in higher values of power and temporal width. The microstructures of the samples showed formations of acicular ferrite, allotriomorphic ferrite and possible high martensite contents in the case of samples with lower heat input (60 and 50 J / mm). All samples showed higher mechanical strength than the base metal, since all of them broke in the base metal. The coefficients of hardness were higher for samples with lower thermal input. The corrosion resistance remained close to the base metal and some higher cases (Ap 70 J / mm), since a passive oxide film probably formed after welding, resulting in higher strength.

Orientador: Carlos Roberto Grandini / Banca: Eduardo Carlos Bianchi / Banca: Cristina de Carvalho Ares Elisei / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais, PosMat, tem caráter institucional e integra as atividades de pesquisa em materiais de diversos campi da Unesp / Resumo: Os elementos intersticiais exercem uma influência significativa nas propriedades mecânicas dos materiais e seu comportamento pode ser investigado por meio de técnicas de Espectroscopia Mecânica em baixa frequência (Pêndulo de Torção). Nestas medidas, são obtidos espectros de atrito interno, que estão associados à reorientação de elementos intersticiais presentes no material ao se aplicar uma tensão mecânica (fenômeno induzido). As amostras utilizadas neste trabalho são de aço inoxidável 316L obtido comercialmente. O material foi preparado em quatro condições: como recebido, tratado termicamente e duas dopagens com pressões diferentes de nitrogênio. Para caracterizar o material foram realizadas medidas de densidade, difração de raios X, microscopia eletrônica de varredura, espectroscopia de energia dispersiva e espectroscopia mecânica. As medidas de difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de varredura revelam que as amostras possuem uma estrutura CFC, típica de aços austeníticos. Os espectros de atrito interno das amostras revelam algumas estruturas de relaxação em todas as condições de tratamento, medidas em três diferentes frequências. Essas estruturas foram decompostas em seus processos de relaxação constituintes, associados à reorientação induzida por tensão de elementos intersticiais, como o carbono e nitrogênio, em torno de átomos que compõem o material. A comparação dos espectros de relaxação obtidos em cada condição mostra uma perda na intensidade das estruturas após realizar sucessivas medidas. Os resultados levam a concluir que este fenômeno está relacionado com a perda de elementos intersticiais pelas amostras após o aquecimento em vácuo. / Abstract: The intersticial elements exercise a significant influence in the mechanical properties of the materials and its behavior can be investigated by techniques of mechanical spectroscopy in low frequency (Torsion Pendulum). In these measurements, are obtained internal friction spectra, which are associated to the reorientation of interstitial elements present in the material if applied a mechanical stress (induced phenomenon). The samples used in this study are commercially 316L stainless steel. The material was prepared in four conditions: as received, heat treated and doped with two different pressures of nitrogen. To characterize the material, it was made measurements of density, x-ray diffraction, scanning electronic micrsocopy, electron dispersion spectroscopy and mechanical spectroscopy. The measurements of x-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy reveal that the samples have a CFC structure, typical of austenitic steels. The internal friction spectra, measured in three different frequencies, reveal several relaxation structures in all of the conditions. Those structures were decomposed in their constituent relaxation processes, associates to the stress-induced ordering of interstitial elements, as carbon and nitrogen, around atoms that compose the material. The comparason of the relaxation spectra obtained in each condition shows a loss in the intensity of the relaxation structures after successive measurements. The results take to conclude that this phenomenon is related with the loss of interstitial elements of the samples after the heating in vacuum. / Mestre