Utifrån tidigare forskning om rasifiering undersöktes i denna studie hur elever med invandrarbakgrund gav mening åt erfarenheter och upplevelser av rasifiering. Rasifiering är en process där man skapar raskategoriseringar och genom vilken icke-vita har blivit socialt konstruerade. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det finns en relation mellan rasifiering och självkänsla. Ambitionen var att ge en ny kunskap och ökad medvetenhet om rasifiering och dess påverkan på elevers självkänsla. Semistrukturerade intervjuer med nio gymnasieelever genomfördes. Intervjuerna transkiberades och analyserades med en tematisk analys. Genomgången av intervjuerna visade att gymnasieeleverna upplevde att de någon gång under sitt liv blivit rasifierade då de upplever känslor som utanförskap och underlägsenhet i förhållande till svenskheten. Resultatet visade att intervjupersonerna har en självbild i form av en rasifierad sådan. Självkänslan är intimt sammankopplad med kategorierna ”svensk” och ”invandrare” eftersom att man inte ser sig själv som ”svensk” då man har föräldrar födda utanför Sverige.

abstract: The Indian princess began as an imposition, a Eurocentric conception based in preconceived notions of cultural structures and gendered power roles - a mixture of noble woman and provocative demure maiden - created by Anglo men to epitomize an idyllic image of otherness and womanhood. This analysis begins by exploring the history of the icon that was first conceived through sixteenth century explorer's tales of exotic queens then traces her progression through the romantic idealizations of the Indian woman Pocahontas. Research then explores how the character, comprised of a mixture of feathers, beads, and buckskin, was implemented into performance, and discusses how her flesh and blood enactment became critical to her survival. Drawing on the theories of contemporary critics, final examination turns to twentieth century perceptions of the Princess and reactions to her by contemporary Native artists whose manipulations of the character opens alternative dialogs about the stereotype to offer reconstructions of her historic discourse. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Art History 2011

The Irish Rebellion profoundly affected the literary and political imagination of John Milton and his contemporaries. This work examines some of the textual strategies employed in representing the Irish Rebellion. These include analogies to the 1605 Gunpowder Plot, the Old Testament, and paternity. Each of these analogies works in con j unction Nvith the familiar, barbaric Irish stereotype in order to discredit the political objectives of the rebels. In addition, many of these political analogies prompt accusations of sexual depravity. This association of the political and the sexual is essential in how Milton, in particular, genders the godly commonwealth as masculine. Representing the Irish, however, also betrays domestic political anxieties. The binary opposition of civility and barbarism prompts an active struggle against barbarism on both a national and individual level. Paradoxically, the more the Irish stereotype is used in an attempt to differentiate and distance the Irish from the godly commonivealth, the closer the poles of the binary opposition come together.

This present study investigated whether face-type (stereotypical or nonstereotypical) facilitates stereotype-consistent categorization and decision-making. Previous literature regarding adults has suggested an associative link between stereotypically Black facial features and assumed criminality. This study seeks to extend these findings by investigating whether the same heuristic processes that underpin biased decisions regarding adult phenotypic racially stereotypical features (e.g., broad nose, full lips) extend to children’s faces. That is, do the negative stereotypes (i.e., criminal Black male) that influence face-type judgments in adults extend to child face-type judgements as well. In two studies testing face-type categorization and disciplinary judgments, people were more likely to miscategorize children with stereotypical faces into negative roles more than positive roles. People were also more likely to increase their disciplinary judgments from one infraction to another for children with stererotypical faces compared to atypical faces. Results suggest that face-type cues do extend to children and also engender negative associations.

The purpose of this dissertation is to explore how stereotype threat impacts women and minorities within the College of Engineering. Within this study, I present a mixed-methods study that begins with an exploratory qualitative study into an sequential explanatory study. The purpose of the first study, Manuscript 1, was to identify common barriers present to women in engineering that negatively impact their motivations within engineering. During the analysis of this data, stereotype threat emerged as a common theme which lead to a literature review and subsequent explanatory study. A quantitative study, using Picho and Brown’s Social Identities and Attitudes Scale, was conducted to help pin point which groups on campus (i.e. women, men, and racial groups plus their intersections) were most impacted by stereotype threat (Manuscript 2, Chapter IV). The instrument also divides stereotype threat amongst six different constructs which allowed insight into specifically which types of stereotypes persist within engineering. Using the data collected from the 137 participants, I was able to identify that women are the most at risk for stereotype threat across 4 of the constructs in the instrument. Using the information from the SIAS instrument, I developed a focus group protocol and conducted 4 different focus groups with 8 different participants to gather data on what ways these negative stereotypes persist and interfere with women’s motivations within engineering (Manuscript 3, Chapter V). The implications of this research is then utilized to formulate proposed solutions to increase diversity and inclusivity within engineering.

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UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky Klára Follová Genderová stereotypizace v sitcomu Comeback Diplomová práce Praha 2011 2 Abstract In sitcoms we can find gender stereotypes, as well as other kinds of stereotypes. They are the same as those, which are incorporated in structures of real society. The reason of their existence in sitcoms is the fact that they are incorporated in models of characters, which mutual conflicts are what the sitcom humour is being built on. Because of the fact that the primary aim of sitcom is humour and not the reflexion of society, stereotypes are not as problematical as in the real society: sitcom uses them, but also criticizes them by its humour. On the case of the analyzed Czech sitcom "Comeback" I have found that confirming or denying gender stereotypes has no unified or systematical form in this kind of television output; so, in one single episode of some sitcom we can find both confirmation and denial of the same one stereotype. The reason of it is that stereotypes are used to build up comic situations, which is the main aim of sitcoms; therefore the main frame area of a sitcom is one scene leading to a point. Usually, sitcoms use to be based on situations of common life, therefore in building a joke they must remind...

It is well documented that some populations experience higher rates of certain diseases. While researchers have explored factors contributing to health disparities, attention has turned to the influence of social factors. For instance, stereotype threat has recently been applied to the health care setting in order to explain growing health disparities (e.g., Aronson et al., 2013). Health care stereotype threat (HCST) may arise when patients become aware that a negative health stereotype exists about a group or groups with which they identify, thus negatively impacting their utilization of health care services. Furthermore, patients with multiple marginalized identities have unique experiences of stereotyping and discrimination within the health care system. The purpose of the current study is to address Abdou et al.’s (2016) recommendation that researchers examine health care stereotype threat among individuals with multiple marginalized identities. The present study identified patients with a chronic illness and multiple marginalized identities including: (a) identifying as Black, (b) being considered overweight by medical community, and/or (c) identifying as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT). These identities were chosen based on research indicating that physicians hold implicit bias attitudes towards and stereotypes about these groups (e.g., Blair et al., 2013; Chapman et al., 2001; Sabin et al., 2009). I utilized qualitative research methodology to contextualize patients’ experiences of stereotyping in a health setting. In person, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight patients. During the interview process, four major categories and 22 sub-level categories emerged. Grounded theory methodology (Corbin & Strauss, 2008) was used to analyze the data. The results of the study revealed a complex relationship between negative experiences with a provider (i.e., dismissive communication and perceived stereotyping) and health care utilization. Patients’ negative experiences with providers made it more difficult for patients to continue engaging in care. Systemic barriers as well as level of coping and social support influenced patients’ perception of stereotyping and discrimination. Level of support from other providers and use of coping skills also determined the extent to which patients continued to utilize available health care in the face of discrimination. Implications for future research and clinical practice are delineated.

Science thrives when there is a continuous flow of new ideas and diverse generations of scholars contributing to the field. Although academic institutions aim to encourage diverse viewpoints, a culture of atheism among university faculties may unwittingly be contributing to an anti-religious atmosphere. The main focus of this dissertation is to investigate people’s attitudes toward religious individuals, and how these attitudes affect the religious believers’ mental health and academic performance. Study 1 (N = 899) found that people tend to explicitly report that religious believers have lower intelligence, but to implicitly associate them with higher intelligence. Although this is the case, faculty members, particularly those from secular institutions, did not have this implicit association and had the strongest congruity between their explicit and implicit intelligence preferences. Studies 2-3 showed that religious believers of diverse backgrounds reported experiencing overt and covert forms of religious bias, including biases related to their academic ability. Religious believers reported that they encountered more incidences of overt and covert forms of religious bias inside of higher education than outside of academia. Experiences of religious microaggressions significantly predicted higher rates of depression in Study 2 (N = 383) and marginally in Study 3 (N = 129). Finally, Study 4 (N = 169) found that compared to other religious groups, Christians were stereotyped to lack science competency. Study 5 (N = 237) demonstrated that these stereotypes applied to Christian college students and was at a comparable rate to how women are stereotyped to lack scientific competency and interest. Study 6 (N = 93) demonstrated that these negative stereotypes cause Christian college students to become less interested in and identify less with sciences. They also caused Christian college students to underperform on science-relevant tasks, especially those students with a stronger religious identity (Study 7; N = 90). These studies reveal that stereotypes play a key role in pushing religious believers out of science. Implications and future directions in the representation of religious believers in academia and science fields are discussed. This dissertation includes previously published and unpublished co-authored material. / 2021-01-11