Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur genus skapas och upprätthålls hos barn i ung ålder som går i förskolan. Vi har valt att fokusera på två olika förskoleavdelningar för att analysera hur personalen talar med barnen, men även hur barnen kommunicerar i leken. Två avdelningar på samma förskola, som arbetar med barn i åldrarna tre till fem år, observerades och intervjuer utfördes med fyra förskolepersonaler. De centrala delarna i undersökningen är hur det biologiska könet upprätthåller könsrollerna, och den konflikt som då uppstår mellan de olikheter som det biologiska könet bär med sig och arbetet kring könsneutraliseringen. Undersökningen syftar även på hur pojkar och flickor kategoriseras in i olika roller och hur dessa isärhålls och hur ojämlikheten upprätthålls, men också hur den hierarkiska ordningen ser ut samt om dessa stereotypa könsroller går att motverka. En slutsats som kunde dras av studien var att personalen ville ha en jämställd avdelning, vilket endast har uppnåtts till en viss del. Detta visar på att de stereotypiska könsrollerna fortfarande exiserar i förskolans miljö och att det finns svårigheter med att ta sig ur och motverka dessa. I diskussionen tas problematiken upp angående dubbelheten mellan att bemöta könen utifrån deras biologiska skillnader och behandla pojkar och flickor lika. Det blir även tydligt hur dessa två tankesätt kan användas i förskolan liksom i det sociala arbetet. / The purpose of this study was to examine how gender is created and maintained among children at a young age who attend preschool. We have chosen to focus on two different departments, at the same preschool, to analyze how the staff is talking to the children, but also how the children communicates while they are playing. The two departments are working with children aged three to five years. We observed the departments and performed interviews with four staff members. The most essential in this study is to show how the biological sex sustains gender roles, and the conflict that arises between the differences that the biological sexes is carrying around and the work around gender neutralization. Also how boys and girls are categorized into different roles and how these are separated depending on the gender, and how inequality is maintained. But also to see what the hierarchy looks like and if these stereotypes can discourage. A conclusion that could be drawn from this study was how the staff wanted a gender equal department, and that they have partly achieved this. This indicates that the stereotypical gender roles still exists in the preschool environment and that it is very difficult to think and act gender neutral and counteract these gender roles. In the discussion it was brought up how the duality between treating the sexes by their biological differences or treating boys and girls the same can be problematic. It also becomes clear how these two ways of thinking can be used in preschools and in social work.

Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to examine if the quantity of female athletes is lesser than male athletes and if there are any gender differences in this visual representation of athletes in Swedish digital sports journalism. The thesis also aims to investigate if the visual representation of female athletes has changed over time in connection to the #MeToo movement.   Research questions: RQ1: Are there any differences in the quantity of visual coverage given to female athletes and male athletes in Swedish sports media?  RQ2: Is there any difference in the visual portrayal of female athletes in comparison to male athletes? RQ3: Has the visual coverage of female athletes in Swedish sports media changed or remained the same since the #MeToo movement?   Theories: Agenda setting theory, Framing theory, Hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity, Gender performance, Gatekeeping and Media logic   Method: The study is based on visual quantitative content analysis. The empirical material of the analysis consists of 224 photographs from digital sports articles, originated from the two Swedish sports newspapers Sportbladet and SVT Sport. The articles were collected from the digital platform Retriever through a digital article search with the keyword “sport”. After collecting the data, it was processed in data program IBM SPSS Statistics, where cross tabulations were created. The results were analyzed and discussed in order to reaching a conclusion.   Conclusion: There is a higher quantity of male athletes than female athletes in Swedish sports media. There are small differences in the way female athletes and male athletes are visually portrayed. However, these differences show that female athletes are more often are shown in an emphasized feminine way, which contributes to proving the dominance of hegemonic masculinity. There are no major changes in the visual portrayal of female athletes before and after the #MeToo, however the result shows a somewhat equal coverage even before the #MeToo movement happened. The results of the study are partially supported by previous research and theory on the subject where female athletes are underrepresented and sexualized. / Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka om det är färre kvinnliga idrottare än manliga idrottare som visas i bilderna, samt om det finns några könsskillnader i dessa visuella representationer av idrottare i den digitala svenska idrottsjournalistiken. Studien syftar även till att undersöka om den visuella representationen av kvinnliga idrottare har förändrats över tid i samband med #MeToo-rörelsen.   Frågeställningar: F1 Är det någon skillnad i antalet visuella representationer av kvinnliga idrottare respektive manliga idrottare i den svenska idrottsjournalistiken? F2 Finns det några skillnad i sportartiklars visuella representation av kvinnliga idrottare jämfört med manliga idrottare?   F3 Har den visuella representationen av kvinnor förändrats eller varit densamma sedan efter #MeToo-rörelsen?   Teoretiska ramverk: Dagordningsteorin, gestaltningsteorin, hegemonisk maskulinitet och ideal femininitet, gender performance, gatekeeping och medielogik   Metod: Studien baseras på visuell kvantitativ innehållsanalys. Analysens empiriska material består av 224 fotografier från digitala sportartiklar, härstammande från de två svenska sporttidningarna Sportbladet och SVT Sport. Artiklarna samlades in från den digitala plattformen Retriever genom en digital artikelsökning med nyckelordet "sport". Efter att ha samlat in data bearbetades det i dataprogrammet IBM SPSS Statistics där tvärtabeller skapades. Resultaten analyserades och diskuterades för att nå en slutsats.   Slutsats: Det förekommer fler manliga idrottare än kvinnliga idrottare i bilderna i svenska sportjournalistik. Det är små skillnader i hur kvinnliga idrottare framställs visuellt i jämförelse med manliga idrottare. Dessa skillnader visar dock att kvinnliga idrottare oftare visas i ett betonat feminint sätt, vilket bidrar till att bevisa dominansen hos hegemonisk maskulinitet. Det finns inga större förändringar i den visuella skildringen av kvinnliga idrottare före och efter # MeToo, resultatet visar också en något lika täckning redan innan #MeToo-rörelsen. Resultaten av studien stöds delvis av tidigare forskning och teori i ämnet där kvinnliga idrottare är underrepresenterade och sexualiserade.

In formal statements, the international organization Youth With A Mission (YWAM) clearly endorses female leaders. In YWAM Germany, however, women are underrepresented in leadership positions. This dissertation seeks to explain this dearth, especially in terms of the role played by Scripture. By means of interviews with leaders in YWAM Germany, possible answers were explored. Surprising for an evangelical organization, the interpretation of Scripture proved not to be a significant factor. Other factors that emerged are church background, the lack of female role models, lower self-confidence of women, and the role of incumbent leadership. The latter appeared to be the most crucial factor, since incumbent leaders, mostly men, select and appoint new leaders. It is likely that in this they are influenced by stereotypical conceptions of the leader as male and inclined to prefer those like themselves. / Systematic Theology & Theological Ethics / M. Th. (Theological Ethics)

In formal statements, the international organization Youth With A Mission (YWAM) clearly endorses female leaders. In YWAM Germany, however, women are underrepresented in leadership positions. This dissertation seeks to explain this dearth, especially in terms of the role played by Scripture. By means of interviews with leaders in YWAM Germany, possible answers were explored. Surprising for an evangelical organization, the interpretation of Scripture proved not to be a significant factor. Other factors that emerged are church background, the lack of female role models, lower self-confidence of women, and the role of incumbent leadership. The latter appeared to be the most crucial factor, since incumbent leaders, mostly men, select and appoint new leaders. It is likely that in this they are influenced by stereotypical conceptions of the leader as male and inclined to prefer those like themselves. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Theological Ethics)