Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:37:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Samuel Fontes Lima.pdf: 2071921 bytes, checksum: 2d66276b3ab526cbf68f0f727c2e1f3d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-18 / Nowadays, object oriented languages are among the most used ones. Recent studies with beginners have shown that the object oriented programming language (OOP) concepts are not so easy to learn. Students have difficulties not only in understanding those OOP concepts, but also in applying them to solving problems. Therefore, an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is suggested in order to help in the learning process of these concepts. One of the most important challenge for ITS development is the individual treatment of student, which is mainly obtained by system adaptativity to the characteristics of each student. This adaptativity to student is a complex issue and the focus of several researches. It encloses several areas of personality such as: learning style, intelligence, previous knowledge, student background and emotions. Thus, the student model is extremely important because all individual information of student is in it. It is here where Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have been employed. This paper approaches the adaptativity issue of tutoring system to student knowledge through a student model based on Bayesian Network (BN). Taking into consideration that the student knowledge level is an inaccurate information, and even professors deal with this uncertainty, the Bayesian Networks (BNs), also known as Belief Network, have been chosen. They are considered proper for uncertain spheres for employing the probabilistic reasoning, which allows to identify a certain belief degree of student knowledge level. Therefore, the BNs have been employed in ITS in the inferences concerning student behavior as well as in the decision-making process concerning tutor actions. / Atualmente as linguagens orientadas a objeto encontram-se entre as mais utilizadas. Estudos recentes com alunos iniciantes demonstram que os conceitos de programação orientada a objetos (POO) não são tão fáceis de assimilar. Os estudantes encontram dificuldades não somente no entendimento dos conceitos de POO, mas também na aplicação deles na resolução de problemas. Diante disso, propõe-se o emprego de um Sistema Tutor Inteligente (STI) para auxiliar no processo de aprendizagem desses conceitos. Um dos principais desafios para o desenvolvimento de um STI é o tratamento individualizado do estudante, que é obtido principalmente por meio da adaptatividade do sistema às características de cada aprendiz. A adaptatividade ao aprendiz é uma questão complexa, foco de várias pesquisas, abrange várias características da personalidade: estilo de aprendizagem, inteligência, conhecimento anterior, histórico do aprendiz e as emoções. Dessa forma, o modelo do estudante é de fundamental importância, pois contém as informações individuais do aprendiz. É nesse ponto que as técnicas de Inteligência Artificial (IA) têm sido empregadas. Este trabalho aborda a questão da adaptatividade do sistema tutor ao conhecimento do estudante por meio de um modelo de aprendiz baseado em Rede Bayesiana. Considerando-se que o nível de conhecimento do aprendiz é uma informação imprecisa, e que até mesmo professores lidam com essa incerteza, optou-se pela utilização de Redes Bayesianas (RBs), também chamadas de Redes de Crença, que são consideradas adequadas para ambientes sob incerteza pois empregam o raciocínio probabilístico, o qual permite identicar um certo grau de crença sobre o nível de conhecimento do aprendiz. Devido a isso, RBs têm sido empregadas em STIs nas inferências sobre o comportamento do aprendiz e nas tomadas de decisões sobre as ações do tutor.

This study aimed at exploring the perceptions of teachers regarding HIV/AIDS in the Thohoyandou area. A survey design was employed to find out how teachers perceive HIV/AIDS. A group-administered questionnaire was used as a method of data collection. One Hundred and Fifty teachers were selected by using stratified random sampling technique. From each stratum the systematic random sampling method was used to select the sample. The respondents were selected from the population of teachers in the Thohoyandou, Thulamela area, in the Limpopo Province. HIV/AIDS in the workplace, with special emphasis on theoretical background, perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDS prevention strategies has been provided. Theoretical background covered what HIV/AIDS is, factors promoting the AIDS epidemic, HIV/AIDS in the workplace and psychosocial impact of HIV/AIDS on employees. Perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS covered voluntary counseling and testing and issues around working with someone who is HIV positive. HIV/AIDS prevention strategies focused on prevention and wellness programme, abstinence from sex, being faithful to one sexual partner, condom usage, managing STI and HIV/AIDS in the workplace. The research findings were presented graphically and discussed. It was found that teachers perceive HIV/AIDS as a reality and they also know the ways to prevent it, although most of them do not utilize those methods. Generally, teachers in Thohoyandou area are still at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. The conclusion and recommendations derived from the study are provided lastly. / Dissertation (MSoc.Sci (EAP))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Denna studie undersökte kvinnors upplevelser när de fick ett HPV-positivt screeningresultat brevledes. Den svenska screeningen för förebyggande av livmoderhalscancer meddelar resultatet i ett kort, standardiserat brev. Efter att ha inkluderat humant papillomvirus (HPV) i analysen år 2014 verkade kvinnor bli mer oroliga för resultatet som kunde meddela en sexuellt överförd infektion (STI).En intervjustudie genomfördes med åtta kvinnor och empiriska data analyserades med receptionsteori. Resultaten visade vilka känslor kvinnor kämpade med, om de upplevde en negativ inverkan på deras sexualitet och om de var nöjda med ett brev som kommunikationssätt.Okunnighet om HPV och rädsla för cancer var centrala resultat. Kvinnor beskrev till och med en förändring i attityd till andra sexuella praktiker än vaginalt samlag. Resultatbrevet ansågs vara för kort och inte så informativt som nödvändigt. Detta fick samtliga kvinnor att söka efter mer information främst på internet för att hitta svar på deras frågor.Sammanfattningsvis finns det ett behov av grundlig och strukturerad information relaterad till HPV och påverkan på livmoderhalsen. Personal inom hälso- och sjukvårdssystemet bör vara lyhörda för kvinnors oro över deras screeningresultat. / This study explores women´s experiences when receiving their HPV-positive pap smear result as a letter. The Swedish screening programme for the prevention of cervical cancer notifies of the result in a short, standardised letter. After including human papilloma virus (HPV) in the analysis in 2014 women appeared to become more worried about the result showing a sexually transmitted infection (STI). An interview study was performed with eight women and the empirical data was analysed with reception theory. The study-results show which feelings women struggled with, whether they experienced a negative impact on their sexuality, and whether they were content with a letter as communication method for their results. Ignorance of HPV and fear of cancer were central findings. Women even described a change in attitude towards sexual practices other than vaginal intercourse. The result letter was considered to be too short and not as informative as needed. This caused all the women to look for more information foremost on the internet in order to find answers to their questions.In conclusion there is a need for thorough and structured information related to HPV and impact on the cervix. Healthcare system personnel should have a sensitive ear for women´s concerns about their pap smear results.

Denna uppsats består av en litteraturöversikt och två kvantitativa studier om män och transpersoner som säljer sexuella tjänster till andra män.Den första delen presenterar forskning om män som säljer sexuella tjänster till män i allmänhet och kring behovet av förebyggande åtgärder mot hiv och STI i synnerhet. Del två är en analys av män som säljer sexuella tjänster och deras inställning och praxis när det gäller säkrare sex. Analysen bygger på material från MSM (Män som har sex med män) enkäten som genomfördes 2006. Denna studie visar att män som säljer sex har betydligt högre risk-beteende än andra män som har sex med män. Detta visar på behovet av hiv-prevention i den grupp av män som säljer sexuella tjänster. Del tre av denna studie utgörs av en deskriptiv internetundersökning som gjorts bland män och transpersoner som säljer sexuella tjänster på internet. Bakgrunden till denna studie är att svenska officiella dokument många gånger reproducerar föreställningen om att män som säljer sex är osynliga, och att det saknas kunskap i ämnet. Denna studie visar att så inte är fallet. Studien visar att annonser är synliga och att det är möjligt att hitta män som erbjuder sina tjänster relativt lätt. Detta dokument innehåller också en deskriptiv studie om geografiskt ursprung, ålder, sexuell läggning, tillgängliga tjänster, säkrare sex och marknadsföring gällande män och transpersoner som säljer sexuella tjänster på internet. / This paper consists of one research review and two quantitative studies about men and transgender persons who sell sexual services to other men.The first part presents research about men who sell sexual services to men in general, and around the need for prevention against hiv and STIs in particular. Part two is an analysis of men who sell sexual services and their attitude and practice regarding safer sex. The analysis is based on material from the MSM (Men who have sex with Men) survey conducted in 2006. This study shows that Men who sell sex have significantly higher risk-behavior than other men who have sex with men. This indicates the need for HIV prevention in the group of men who sell sexual services.Part two of this study consists a descriptive internet survey made among men and transgender people who sell sexual services on the internet. The background for this study is that Swedish official documents repeatedly reproduce the notion that men who sell sex are invisible, and that there is no knowledge of the subject. This study shows that this is not the case. The study shows that advertising is visible and that it is possible to find people who offer their services relatively easily. This paper also includes a descriptive study about the geographic origin, age, sexual orientation, available services, safer sex, and marketing area of men and transgender personswho sell sexual services on the Internet.

No description available.

Contexte : La surveillance de la charge virale (CV) et les dépistages des infections sexuellement transmissibles et par le sang (ITSS) sont indispensables à la prise en charge du VIH. L’utilisation de ces soins pendant la pandémie de la Covid-19 au Québec reste largement inconnue. Objectif : Mesurer et comparer les taux de surveillance de la CV et des dépistages des ITSS en période pré et per-pandémique chez les personnes vivant avec le VIH (PVVIH) à Montréal. Méthodes : Dans une étude de cohorte avec devis pré-post, 1702 PVVIH ont été retenues. Des modèles de régression de Poisson avec effet aléatoire sur l'individu ont estimé les taux, les ratios de taux d'incidence (IRR), leurs intervalles de confiance à 95 % (IC95%) ainsi que des termes d’interaction entre la variable de la période et les covariables. Résultats : La période pré-pandémique était associée à une diminution du taux de surveillance de la CV (IRR=0,58, IC95% 0,55-0,60) et du taux de dépistage des ITSS (IRR=0,65, IC95% 0,62-0,68). La diminution de la surveillance de la CV pendant la période per-pandémique était plus importante avec l’utilisation de drogues par injection, une augmentation de la distance et une CV détectable au début de l’étude. La diminution de dépistage des ITSS était plus importante avec une augmentation d’âge et de la distance. La suppression virologique et les pourcentages de positivité des ITSS sont demeurés constants au cours des périodes. Les taux d'incidence des ITSS ont diminué en période per-pandémique. Conclusion : Une diminution du suivi a été observée en période per-pandémique. Nos résultats suggèrent que ces réductions n'ont pas eu d'impact sur la suppression virologique ou l’incidence des ITSS. / Context: Routine viral load (VL) monitoring and sexually transmitted infections (STI) screenings are integral parts of HIV care. In Québec, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on accessibility to care and resulting inequalities remain widely unknown. Objective: We aimed to measure and compare rates of VL monitoring and STI screenings before and during the COVID-19 pandemic amongst people living with HIV (PLWHIV) in Montréal. Methods: A cohort study with pre-post design followed 1702 PLWHIV. Poisson regression models with individual clustering were used to estimate testing rates, incidence rate ratios (IRR), their 95 % confidence intervals (95%CI) and interaction terms between the period variable and other covariates. Results: The per-pandemic period was associated with a decrease in VL monitoring (IRR=0.58, 95%CI 0.55-0.60) and STI screening (IRR=0.65, 95%CI 0.62-0.68). The per-pandemic period intensified VL monitoring gaps with intravenous drug use, distance from the testing center and a detectable VL at the beginning of the study. STI screening gaps were amplified during the per-pandemic period by an increase in age and in distance. VL suppression and STI positivity percentages remained unchanged while STI incidence rates decreased. Conclusion: A significant decline in VL monitoring and STI screening was observed during the per-pandemic period. Our findings suggest that these reductions had no impact on the virological suppression or STI incidence in PLWHIV.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Speech intelligibility of voice alarm communication systems is extremely important for proper notification and direction of building occupants. Currently, there is no minimum standard to which all voice alarm communication systems must be held. Tests were conducted to determine how system and room characteristics, and the addition of occupants, affect the intelligibility of a voice signal. This research outlines a methodology for measuring the speech intelligibility of a room and describes the impact of numerous variables on these measurements. Eight variables were considered for this study: speaker quantity and location, speaker power tap, sound pressure level (SPL), number and location of occupants, presence of furniture, location of intelligibility measurements, data collection method, and floor covering. All room characteristics had some affect on the room intelligibility; the sound pressure level of the signal and the number and location of occupants had the greatest overall impact on the intelligibility of the room. It is recommended, based on the results of this study, that further investigation be conducted in the following areas: floor finishes, speaker directivity, various population densities, furniture packages and room sizes.

Améliorer la sécurité routière passe par une meilleure compréhension des causes d'accidents. Il est nécessaire de développer des observatoires discrets pour étudier la manière de conduire de tous les automobilistes. Une partie de cette analyse implique l'utilisation de capteurs mesurant les trajectoires des véhicules sur une portion de route. Deux capteurs innovants ont été crées pour pallier au manque de capteurs suffisamment précis : le premier est un capteur à fibres optiques présentant une succession de réseaux de Bragg et le second, protégé par un brevet, est fondé sur une technologie résistive. Ils ont été soumis à une expérimentation sur une route départementale. Le capteur optique s'avère performant mais coûteux. Le deuxième n'est pas assez robuste mais présente des perspectives intéressantes.