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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

A Bayesian approach to dynamic efficiency and productivity measurement

Skevas, Ioannis 06 February 2017 (has links)
No description available.
72

Efeitos dos ganhos de produtividade total dos fatores da agropecuária sobre os preços agrícolas no Brasil: 1970-2006 / The effects of total factor productivity over the food prices in Brazil

Mendes, Giovanna Miranda 11 September 2015 (has links)
A agropecuária brasileira tem crescido nas últimas décadas e os ganhos de produtividade tem sido importante neste bom desempenho do setor. O presente trabalho tem dois objetivos principais. O primeiro deles foi mensurar o crescimento desta produtividade total dos fatores na agropecuária brasileira estadual, decompondo o crescimento da PTF em progresso tecnológico e eficiência técnica. O segundo objetivo foi analisar o efeito do crescimento da PTF da agropecuária brasileira sobre os preços agrícolas, no Brasil, de 1970 a 2006. O crescimento desta produtividade foi mensurado a partir dos insumos terra, trabalho e capital na função de produção translog sob orientação do produto, a partir do método de Fronteira Estocástica de Produção e do índice de produtividade de Malmquist. Para avaliar o efeito do crescimento da PTF sobre os preços agrícolas foi construído o índice de preços agrícolas utilizando-se o Índice de preços de Laspeyres para estimar o vetor autoregressivo em painel (panel- VAR), acrescentando as variáveis produtividade total dos fatores (PTF), salário rural, financiamento agrícola e renda per capita domiciliar. Além disso, foi aplicado o teste de causalidade, no sentido de Granger, e estimada a função impulso resposta. A base de dados utilizada foi, obtida do Censo Agropecuário, a nível estadual, para os anos de 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1995 e 2006. Os resultados indicaram que a taxa de crescimento da PTF foi crescente no Brasil e nos estados, sendo que, na maior parte das vezes, é explicada pelo progresso tecnológico, positivo e crescente para todos os estados. A eficiência técnica variou ao longo dos anos, apresentado taxas de crescimento médias positivas para a maioria dos estados. Em média, os estados estiveram situados abaixo da fronteira de produção da agropecuária brasileira. São Paulo foi o estado com maior nível de eficiência técnica. Embora a taxa de crescimento médio anual tenha sido positiva ao longo do período analisado, a eficiência reduziu para todos os estados analisados em 2006. Da análise dos efeitos do crescimento da PTF sobre os preços agrícolas, a PTF tem causalidade, no sentido de Granger, sobre os preços agrícolas. Na função impulso resposta, o choque inicial na variável PTF reduziu os preços nos primeiros anos. Assim, o crescimento da PTF do setor agropecuário contribuiu para o aumento da oferta de produtos, reduzindo os preços agrícolas. A maior disponibilidade de alimentos e, com a redução dos preços dos alimentos, os consumidores, principalmente os de renda mais baixa puderam ter maior acesso aos alimentos. / The Brazilian agriculture has grown in recent decades and productivity gains have been important in this good performance of the sector. This work had two main objectives. The first one was measure the growth of this total factor productivity in agriculture by the Brazilian\'s states, decomposing TFP growth by technological progress, technical efficiency and economies of scale. The second objective was to analyze the effect of TFP growth of Brazilian agriculture on agricultural prices. The growth in productivity was measured from the inputs like labor, gross and capital in the translog production function, from the Stochastic Frontier Analysis and of the outputoriented Malmquist productivity index. To analyze the effect of TFP growth on agricultural prices was constructed an index of agricultural prices through the Laspeyres price index to estimate the vector autoregressive panel (panel-VAR) and establish the relationships between TFP, rural wages, agricultural finance and income per capita household. The Granger causality test and the impulse response function were used to the data panel. The database used obtained from the Agricultural Census, at the state level for the years 1970, 1975, 1980, 1985, 1995 and 2006. The results showed that the growth rate of TFP has been growing in Brazil and in the states, and technological progress explained most of the growth being positive and growing for all states. Technical efficiency varied over the years, presented positive average growth rates for most states. The states were located below the production frontier of Brazilian agriculture and São Paulo was the state with the highest level of technical efficiency. Although the average annual growth rate has been increasing over the period analyzed, the efficiency decreased to all state analyzed in 2006. The results also showed that TFP growth has causality in the sense of Granger, on agricultural prices. In the impulse response function, the initial shock in TFP decreased prices in the early years. Thus, TFP growth of the agricultural sector contributed to the increased supply of agricultural products, reducing agricultural prices. The greater availability of food and with reducing food prices, consumers, especially those from lower income might had greater access to food.
73

Eficiência produtiva da indústria de transformação nas regiões brasileiras: uma análise de fronteiras estocásticas e cadeias espaciais de Markov / Productive efficiency of the manufacturing industry in the Brazilian regions: a stochastic frontier and spatial Markov chain analysis

Schettini, Daniela Carla Decaro 09 April 2010 (has links)
Este trabalho investiga a eficiência produtiva dos setores industriais nas regiões brasileiras. Para isso, utiliza um painel de dados da Pesquisa Industrial Anual do IBGE para o período de 2000 a 2006, desagregado por mesorregiões, setores da indústria de transformação e por setores de intensidade tecnológica. São estimados modelos de fronteira de produção estocástica para obtenção das estimativas das eficiências produtivas regionais e setoriais. Esses indicadores de eficiência são então analisados com base na literatura de economia espacial e das Cadeias Espaciais de Markov, que visam investigar o efeito da boa e da má vizinhança. Os resultados indicam que as mesorregiões mais eficientes tendem a localizar-se na faixa litorânea do Brasil, mas, na medida em que tratamos de setores mais básicos da economia, há maior dispersão da alta eficiência pelo espaço brasileiro. Além disso, percebe-se um deslocamento, ao longo do tempo, de altos índices de eficiência para as mesorregiões do Centro-Oeste. Em relação à eficiência setorial, observou-se que, em geral, os setores menos intensivos em tecnologia são menos eficientes: constatou-se que o setor de Alta Intensidade Tecnológica é 11% mais eficiente do que o setor de Baixa Intensidade. Os resultados das análises da influência das economias espaciais sobre a eficiência produtiva indicam que a vizinhança afeta o desempenho competitivo da região, constatando-se que o efeito da boa vizinhança em estimular o aumento da eficiência é maior do que o efeito da má vizinhança em retraí-la. Além disso, concluiu-se que as economias espaciais influenciam a eficiência produtiva regional. Em geral, as economias de aglomeração têm influência positiva sobre a eficiência, enquanto que, em relação às economias de urbanização, encontramos a predominância dos efeitos de congestionamento. As economias de localização apresentaram um efeito forte e positivo sobre a eficiência das atividades industriais das mesorregiões, indicando que regiões mais especializadas mostraram-se mais eficientes. / This thesis investigates the productive efficiency of the industrial sectors in Brazilian regions. It uses a panel data set from Pesquisa Industrial Anual of IBGE during 2000 to 2006, disaggregated by mesoregions, industrial manufacturing sectors and by technological intensity sectors. It estimates stochastic frontiers of production to obtain regional and sectorial productive efficiency indicators. These efficiency indicators are analyzed based on the spatial economy literature and on Spatial Markov Chains, which investigate the effect of good and bad neighborhoods. The results indicate that the most efficient mesoregions tend to be located on the coast of Brazil, but, as we deal with more basic sectors of the economy, there is a larger dispersion of high efficiency on Brazilian space. Furthermore, we realize, as the time passes, an increasing motion of high efficiency levels to mesoregions of the Center-West. Considering the sectorial efficiency, we observed that, in general, the less technological intensive sectors are less efficient: we verify that the High Technological Intensity sector is 11% more efficient than the Low Intensity sector. The results from analyzing the influence of the spatial economies on the productive efficiency indicate that the neighborhood affects the competitive performance of the region; verifying that the effect of a good neighborhood in stimulating the enhance of the efficiency is higher than the effect of the bad neighborhood on contracting it. We also concluded that the spatial economies influence the regional productive efficiency. In general, the agglomeration economies have positive influence on efficiency, but considering the urbanization economies, the congestion effect predominates. The localization economies present a strong and positive effect on the efficiency of industrial activities of the mesoregions, indicating that more specialized regions are seen as more efficient.
74

Esforço fiscal e a compensação financeira pela utilização dos recursos hídricos nos municípios brasileiros / Fiscal effort and water resources windfalls in Brazilian municipalities

Chow, Alexander Brian 08 August 2016 (has links)
Esta dissertação de mestrado em teoria econômica tem como objetivo verificar se a Compensação Financeira pela Utilização de Recursos Hídricos (CFURH) paga a municípios que abrigam usinas hidrelétricas ou reservatórios impacta seu esforço arrecadatório. A importância dessa análise vem do fato de que um possível relaxamento fiscal por parte deles pode por em risco o seu desenvolvimento, dado que a compensação pode sofrer variações no tempo, e dado que sua duração depende da vida útil das usinas. Será utilizada a metodologia de fronteira estocástica, com base em um painel de dados relativo aos municípios brasileiros entre 2007 e 2012 Os resultados mostram que, em geral, os municípios beneficiários são menos eficientes na arrecadação de tributos do que os não beneficiários. / This Master\'s dissertation in Economic Theory aims to verify whether the water windfalls paid to municipalities that hold hydroelectric power stations or water reservoirs have any impact on their fiscal effort. The issue is relevant since a reduced tax effort may pose a threat to the municipalities\' development, since these resources can vary in time and since it may have an end due to the power plant\'s useful life. It will be used the stochastic frontier technique applied to a panel data of Brazilian municipalities between 2007 and 2012. The results show that, in a general way, the municipalities that benefit from the water windfalls are more inefficient than those which don\'t receive these resources
75

Contract Farming in Vietnam: Empirical Research on Marketing Determinants, Farm Performance and Technical Efficiency of the Export-oriented Rice Sector in the Mekong River Delta

Le, Ngoc Huong 29 October 2018 (has links)
No description available.
76

中國大陸製造業外資企業生產效率與技術外溢之探討 / An analysis of production efficiency and spillover effect of the foreign firms of manufacturing sector in China

徐淳雅 Unknown Date (has links)
隨著經濟的全球化,外人直接投資(foreign direct investment)儼然成為國際間技術擴散的主要途徑,技術外溢也成為外人直接投資發生下的重要議題,尤其利用跨國公司的先進技術促進本國生產力的提升,為開發中國家致力於吸引外人直接投資前來投資的強大動機。其中來自港、澳、台地區的資金佔有相當程度的地位,主要原因為地理位置與中國大陸相近、文化相似度高有很大的關係,但隨著中國大陸實施改革開放政策以來,這種狀況開始有所改變,愈來愈多的大型跨國公司前進中國大陸,觀察這十年流入中國大陸的外人直接投資加總,來自香港、日本、美國和韓國的投資金額分別位居一、二、三和四名,故其造成的後續效應不容小覷。   本研究以中華人民共和國國家統計局進行年度工業企業數據庫的1998-2006年間的製造業廠商資料,利用STATA統計軟體進行橫斷面資料分析,再依照中華人民共和國國家統計局工業分類和黃志聰、高安邦和陳子芸(2003)的分類方法,將中國大陸製造業分成輕工業、重工業、化學工業和高科技產業,研究針對外人直接投資進度中國大陸後,衍生出產業技術外溢效果和生產效率的改變進行討論。 / With economic globalization, foreign direct investment has become a major international technology diffusion channels. The spillover effect has become an important topic under foreign direct investment, especially using their advanced technology for productivity upgrade. It is committed to developing countries to attract foreign direct investment a strong incentive to invest. The capital from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan plays an important role in China, mainly because of the highly correlative location, culture and language. The situation has changed accompanied by the implementation of the reform and open policy in China. More and more large multinational enterprises enter China. According to the sum of foreign direct investment of China within a decade, the investment amount from Hong Kong, Japan, America and Korea come in the first, second, third and forth places. Therefore, the upcoming effects cannot be underestimated. In this study, The manufacturers database of the annual industrial enterprises from National Bureau of Statistics of China in the period of 1998 to 2006 is used for cross-sectional data analysis of STATA statistical software. And then according to the classification of National Bureau of Statistics industry and Huang, Kao and Chen (2003), the manufacturing sector in China is divided into light industry, heavy industry, chemical industry and high-tech industries. This study discusses the change of spillover effects and production efficiency after the entering of foreign direct investment in China.
77

改革開放後天津農業生產效率的探討 / The efficiency of agriculture productivity in Tianjin after revolution since 1978

郭欣芳 Unknown Date (has links)
依據天津市於改革開放後(1978年~2010年)農業投入產出資料建立了隨機邊界生產函數模型,並對天津農業生產效率進行了測算和分析。研究結果發現天津的農業增長主要依賴流動資本的投入,另因天津市地理環境因素,溫度高低及降雨量多寡在農業生產效率中也具有關鍵影響力,農業生產技術效率水準隨時間增加有逐漸提升趨勢,政府財政支農及農業貸款的數字逐年提升,但研究結果顯示政府財政支農金額及農業貸款對於天津農業生產效率無影響。 / Based on the agricultural input and output data from Tianjin City after the reform and opening (1978~2010), a random marginal productivity function model was built. And tests and analyses regarding the agricultural production efficiency in Tianjin City were performed. According to the research results, the agricultural growth in Tianjin City mainly depended on the input of current capital. In addition, due to the geographic and environmental factors in Tianjin City, temperature and rainfall both played an important role in the agricultural production efficiency. The agricultural production technology level had been increasing with time. The amounts of the government’s financial support for agriculture and agricultural loans had been increasing year by year. However, the research results show that these amounts had no influence on the agricultural production efficiency in Tianjin City.
78

Educación universitaria: medición del rendimiento académico a través de fronteras de eficiencia

Carella, Laura Fernanda January 2009 (has links) (PDF)
Este trabajo analiza el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes mediante la estimación de fronteras de eficiencia, método que permite distinguir el efecto de características del alumno y su entorno (edad, sexo, condición laboral, entre otros) del impacto de factores exógenos (características de la universidad, etc.). Entre los principales resultados, se encuentra que los alumnos que trabajan en tareas vinculadas a la carrera se ubican más cerca de la frontera de rendimientos, mientras que quienes trabajan en tareas no relacionadas se alejan de ella por factores ajenos a su comportamiento (por ejemplo, institucionales). Para los estudiantes que no trabajan, los resultados varían. / This paper analyses students' academic performance by estimating efficiency frontiers, a method that allows to distinguish the effect of characteristics of the student and his background (age, gender, employment status, among others) from the impact of exogenous factors (university characteristics, etc.). Among the main results, it is found that students who work in jobs related to their career lie closer to the performance frontier, whereas for those employed in other kinds of jobs, departures from the frontier are explained by factors beyond their behavior (e.g. institutional). For students who don't work, results are variable.
79

Unobserved heterogeneity in productivity analysis of panel data: applications to meat chain firms and global growth in agriculture

Holtkamp, Jonathan 12 February 2015 (has links)
No description available.
80

Regional Heterogeneity, Geography and Agglomeration Effects in Efficiency Analysis: The Case of Dairy Farming in Europe

Castro Medina, Daniel Mauricio 12 February 2015 (has links)
No description available.

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