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An Approximation Method For Performance Measurement In Base-stock Controlled Assembly SystemsRodoplu, Umut 01 January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
The aim of this thesis is to develop a tractable method for approximating the steady-state behavior of continuous-review base-stock controlled assembly systems with Poisson demand arrivals and manufacturing and assembly facilities modeled as Jackson networks. One class of systems studied is to produce a single type of finished product assembling a number of components and another class is to produce two types of finished products allowing component commonality. The performance measures evaluated are the expected backorders, fill rate and the stockout probability for finished product(s). A partially aggregated but exact model is approximated assuming that the state-dependent transition rates arising as a result of the partial aggregation are constant. This approximation leads to the derivation of a closed-form steady-state probability distribution, which is of product-form. Adequacy of the proposed model in approximating the steady-state performance measures is tested against simulation experiments over a large range of parameters and the approximation turns out to be quite accurate with absolute errors of 10% at most for fill rate and stockout probability, and of less than 1.37 (& / #8776 / 2) requests for
expected backorders. A greedy heuristic which is proposed to be employed using approximate steady-state probabilities is devised to optimize base-stock levels while aiming at an overall service level for finished product(s).
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[en] ACCELERATING BENDERS STOCHASTIC DECOMPOSITION FOR THE OPTIMIZATION OF PARTIAL BACKORDER CONTROL FOR PERIODIC REVIEW (R, S) INVENTORY SYSTEM WITH UNCERTAIN DEMAND / [pt] ACELERANDO A DECOMPOSIÇÃO DE BENDERS ESTOCÁSTICA PARA OTIMIZAÇÃO DE UM MODELO DE GESTÃO DE ESTOQUE DE REVISÃO PERIÓDICA (R, S) COM BACKORDER PARCIAL E DEMANDA INCERTAFELIPE SILVA PLACIDO DOS SANTOS 05 September 2017 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de aceleração da decomposição de Benders aplicada a uma versão mais geral e compacta (menos restrições e variáveis) do modelo de gestão de estoques, otimizado via programação estocástica de dois estágios que considera uma camada, um item, demanda incerta e política de controle (R, S). De maneira a ser possível considerar problemas de grande porte, foram aplicados os métodos L-Shaped tradicional com corte único e a sua forma estendida com múltiplos cortes. Resultados computacionais preliminares mostraram um substancial melhor desempenho computacional do método L-Shaped tradicional em relação à sua forma multi-cut L-Shaped, mesmo o primeiro necessitando de mais iterações para convergir na solução ótima. Tal observação motivou o desenvolvimento de uma nova técnica de aceleração da decomposição de Benders e de um conjunto de desigualdades válidas. Experimentos numéricos mostram que a abordagem proposta de combinar a técnica de aceleração elaborada com as desigualdades válidas desenvolvidas provê significativa redução do tempo computacional necessário para a solução de instâncias de grande porte. / [en] This dissertation presents a speed up proposal for the Benders decomposition applied to a more general and compact version (less constraints and variables) of inventory management model, optimized via two-stage stochastic programming, which considers one layer, one item, uncertain demand and control policy (R, S). In order to be possible to consider large scale problems, the L-Shaped traditional method with single cuts and its extended form with multiple cuts were applied. Preliminary computational results showed a substantially better computational performance of the traditional L-Shaped method in comparison to the multi-cut L-Shaped method, even with the first requiring more iterations to converge on optimum solutions. This observation led to the development of a new technique to accelerate the decomposition of Benders and a set of valid inequalities. Numerical experiments show that the proposed approach of combining the elaborate acceleration technique with the developed valid inequalities, provide significant reduction in the computational time required to solve large scale instances.
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PROBLEMA DE ALOCAÇÃO DE BERÇOS EM PORTOS GRANELEIROS COM RESTRIÇÕES DE ESTOQUE E CONDIÇÕES FAVORÁVEIS DE MARÉ / PROBLEM OF ALLOCATION OF CRADLES IN PORTS GRANARY SHIPS WITH SUPPLY RESTRICTIONS AND CONDITIONS FAVORABLE OF TIDEBarros, Victor Hugo 22 March 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-17T14:53:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Victor Hugo Barros Silva.pdf: 4177386 bytes, checksum: 324ffa71e5b64047e7a54ab199bb9241 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2010-03-22 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The problem of allocating berth positions for vessels in tidal grain port terminals is discussed in this work. A berth defines a specific location alongside a quay
where a ship loader is available for loading or unloading vessels, accommodating
only one vessel at time. In tidal ports, draft conditions depend on high tide conditions, since available depth under the low tide is not adequate to the movement
of ships. Some port terminals at the port complex of São Luís, Maranhão, are
associated to important transnational enterprises which maintain a strong control
over the stock level of their goods. Since the stock level sometimes depends on a
continuous process of consumption or production of grains, the decision making of
loading or unloading vessels must contemplate the amount of the grain stored in
the port yards. Therefore, a basic criterion for decision making is to give priority
to the vessels related to the most critical grain stock level. This paper presents
two integer linear programming models based on the transportation problem to
represent the discussed problem. Some problem instances could be solved by
a commercial solver. As an alternative to larger instances, which require large
running time, an implementation of Simulated Annealing (SA) and the algorithm
known as Population Training Algorithm for Linear Programming (PTA/LP) are
used to solve the problem. / O Problema de Alocação de Berços em Portos Graneleiros com Restrições de
Estoque e Condições Favoráveis de Maré é abordado neste trabalho. Um berço
define um local especifico ao longo do cais onde um carregador de navio está
disponível para carregar ou descarregar navios, acomodando apenas um navio por
vez. Em portos que sofrem a influência da variação das marés, as condições de
navegação dependem de condições favoráveis de maré, uma vez que a profundidade
na maré baixa restringe a movimentação de navios. Alguns terminais no complexo portuário de São Luís, Maranhão, estão associados a importantes empresas
multinacionais que mantêm um forte controle sobre os níveis de estoque de seus
produtos. Uma vez que o nível de estoque, por vezes, depende de um processo
contínuo de consumo ou produção de granéis, a tomada de decisão de carregar
ou descarregar navios deve levar em conta as cargas armazenadas nos pátios do
porto. Desta forma, um critério básico para tomadas de decisão é dar prioridade
aos navios relacionada aos níveis mais críticos de estoque. Este trabalho apresenta
dois modelos de programação linear baseado no problema de transporte para
representar o problema abordado. Algumas instâncias do problema puderam ser
resolvidas por um solver comercial. Como alternativa suas instâncias maiores, que
exigem grande tempo de execução, uma implementação do Simulated Annealing
(SA) e do algoritmo conhecido como Algoritmo de Treinamento Populacional para
Programação Linear (ATP/PL) são empregadas para resolução do problema.
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Optimering av lagerplatser för returemballage : En fallstudie på Linde Gas AB i Enköping / Stock Location Optimization : A case study at Linde Gas AB in EnköpingOlausson, Rebecka January 2020 (has links)
Undersökningen är uppbyggd av en kvantitativ fallstudie, där en datainsamling i form av företagsinterna dokument och intervjuer har utförts för att kunna besvara studiens syfte och frågeställningar. För skapa ett underlag som ska styrka den insamlade datan från fallstudien har även en sökning efter lämpliga teorier och metoder genomförts med fokus på studentlitteratur och vetenskapliga artiklar tillhörande ämnesområdet. Syftet med denna studie är att optimera antalet cylindrar på Linde Gas AB i Enköping genom att effektivisera materialflödet för industrigaser på anläggningen. Den pågående centraliseringen av Lindes fabriker, där flertalet verksamheter konsolideras till Enköping, bidrar till ett överskott av cylindrar. Ett överskott som skapar oreda bland cylindrarna i det operativa flödet. Detta leder i sin tur till onödigt långa körtider för truckförarna att hämta och lämna cylindrar på lagerhållningsytan, där både tomma och fulla cylindrar lagerhålls. Resultatet av studien visar på en viss osäkerhet i systemtillförlitligheten, vilket innebär att lagersaldot som redovisas i systemet inte överensstämmer med det verkliga lagersaldot. Detta visar därmed på en låg grad av lagersaldosäkerhet i det systemstödet SAP. Resultat från intervjuer och granskning av dokument indikerar även på att det finns ett överskott av cylindrar på anläggningen i Enköping, men på grund av osäkerheten i lagersaldot är det omöjligt att göra en kvantifierad bedömning av hur stort överskottet är. Av resultatet framgår även att det finns två typer av överskott, ett permanent överskott och ett säsongsvarierande överskott. Studien kommer därmed fram till att de överskottscylindrar som inte tillför någon nytta i det operativa flödet bör förflyttas till en alternativ lagerhållningsyta på anläggningen i Enköping. De säsongsvarierande produkterna beräknas återgå till det operativa flödet inför högsäsong igen medan det permanenta överskottet inte beräknas återgå till det operativa flödet utan bör snarare undersökas vidare för eventuell förflyttning till en annan anläggning. Analyser av resultatet med hjälp av metoder och verktyg som processkartläggning, materialflödesanalys, processanalysschema samt kostnadsanalyser genererar slutligen ett förbättringsförslag i form av en rutinbeskrivning för hur Linde bör hantera det överskott som finns. Denna rutinbeskrivning bör utifrån ett lean- och ekonomiskt perspektiv implementeras tidigt i materialflödet för att undanflyttningen ska generera en besparing i form av att eliminera slöserier som överproduktion, onödig truckkörning och stora buffertlager. De slutsatser som dras är dock att Linde bör uppdatera sina grundläggande stödprocesser för bland annat utförandet av inventeringar, innan en implementering av den rutinbeskrivning som tagits fram i denna studie är möjlig att genomföra. / This is primary a quantitative case study based on data that has been collected in terms of internal documents and interviews. This has been done to make sure to answer the purpose and questions of statement in this study. In order to create a foundation that will support the data collected from the case study, suitable theories and methods has also been collected by focusing on student literature and scientific articles related to the subject area. The purpose of this study is to optimize the number of cylinders at Linde Gas AB in Enköping by mapping the material flow for industrial gases at the plant. The ongoing centralization of Lindes´ plants in Sweden, in which some plants are consolidating their operations to Enköping, contributes to an excess of cylinders. An excess that creates disorder among the cylinders in the operational flow. This also leads to unnecessarily long driving times for truck drivers to pick and unload cylinders on the storage location, where both empty and full cylinders are being stored. The results of the study are showing a certain insecurity in the system reliability, which means that the stock levels that are reported in the system do not match the actual stock levels at the site. This indicates a low degree of stock accuracy in the support system SAP. Results from interviews and reviews of documents also indicates that there is an excess of cylinders at site in Enköping, but uncertainties in stock accuracy makes it impossible to estimate the extent of the excess there is. The result also shows that there are two types of excess, a permanent excess and a seasonally varying excess. The conclusion is that the excess cylinders that do not add any benefit in the operational flow should be moved to an alternative storage area at the plant in Enköping. Where the seasonally varying products are expected to return in the operational flow in times of high season, while the permanent excess is not expected to return in the operational flow, but should instead be further investigated for possible relocation to another facility. Analyzes of the results has been made by using methods and tools in terms of process mapping, material flow analysis, process analysis schedule and cost analysis. This is generating an improvement proposal in terms of a routine description of how Linde should handle the excess at site. This routine description should be based on a lean- and economic perspective, being implemented as early on in the material flow as possible to make sure that the transportation of cylinders will be generating savings in order to eliminate waste, such as overproduction, unnecessary truck driving and large stocks. The conclusion is however that Linde should update their supportive processes of how inventories should be done, before an implementation of the routine description presented in this study is possible.
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[en] ELABORATION OF A DECISION DIAGRAM AS AN ARTIFACT TO ASSIST IN THE DECISION OF THE INVENTORY CONTROL METHOD OF AN OIL AND GAS COMPANY / [pt] ELABORAÇÃO DE UM DIAGRAMA DE DECISÃO COMO ARTEFATO PARA AUXILIAR NA DECISÃO DO MÉTODO DE CONTROLE DE ESTOQUE DE UMA EMPRESA DO RAMO DE PETRÓLEO E GÁSCESAR CARDOZO AMARAL 23 December 2020 (has links)
[pt] A Gestão de Estoque eficiente permeia a escolha do método de controle mais adequado, principalmente em empresas que apresentem grande variedade de itens em estoque, quando a definição de métodos diferentes para cada item pode resultar em ganhos pela redução de excessos ou faltas, assim como pela redução de custos administrativos dessa gestão. A empresa estudada se insere nesse contexto,
pois apresenta excesso de materiais em estoque, bem como faltas de alguns itens, gerando prejuízos financeiros decorrentes da má gestão de seu estoque. Assim, por adotar a mesma política de controle de estoque para todos os itens, que abrangem de materiais de administração predial a equipamentos de exploração de petróleo e gás, essa empresa se depara com a necessidade de implementar controles de estoque mais adequados para cada um desses itens. Desse modo, este trabalho propõe responder a seguinte pergunta-chave de estudo: Qual a política de gestão de estoques mais adequada para cada produto analisado? Para responder a essa pergunta, o trabalho propõe a elaboração de um Diagrama de Decisão que auxilie na tomada dessa decisão. Para tanto, busca classificar esses SKU quanto a Curva
ABC para valor (RS), volume consumido e criticidade, sendo esta última definida com apoio do Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Além disso, analisa as distribuições de demanda e de lead time de cada SKU como parâmetros para auxiliar nessa decisão, formando um diagrama onde os nós representam esses
parâmetros (Curva ABC, Demanda e Lead Time) e os caminhos correspondem as classificações internas de cada um desse parâmetros, apontando, ao final de cada caminho, qual o melhor controle de estoque para o SKU analisado considerando o Kanban e o MRP como alternativas. Aplicou-se a Design Science Research (DSR) como método de estudo. Com a aplicação desse método pretende-se que o Diagrama proposto seja um artefato capaz de atender as diferentes áreas de negócio da empresa, contribuindo para disseminação de uma ferramenta padrão para a tomada de decisão quanto ao método de controle de estoque a ser empregado para cada SKU. Assim, espera-se que o artefato proposto posso contribuir com todas as
áreas da empresa, ampliando o conhecimento gerado na área de negócio delimitada para este estudo. Por fim, o trabalho contribuiu com o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta capaz de atender as necessidades da empresa quanto a adoção de diferentes métodos de controle de estoques, indiferentemente da área de negócio a qual se aplica. Além disso, na área delimitada para implementação deste estudo, a aplicação desse diagrama obteve a redução do excesso e das faltas para os SKU analisados, bem como apresentou forte potencial de redução de custos administrativos em função da possibilidade de adotar métodos mais simples de controle de estoque para alguns itens. / [en] Efficient Inventory Management permeates the choice of the most appropriate control method, especially in companies that have a wide variety of items in stock, when the definition of different methods for each item can result in gains by reducing excesses or shortages, as well as by reduction of administrative
costs of this management. The studied company is part of this context, as it presents an excess of materials in stock, as well as shortages of some items, generating financial losses resulting from the mismanagement of its stock. Thus, by adopting the same inventory control policy for all items, which range from building management materials to oil and gas exploration equipment, this company is faced
with the need to implement more adequate inventory controls for each of these tems. Thus, this paper proposes to answer the following key study question: What is the most adequate inventory management policy for each product analyzed? To answer this question, this work proposes the elaboration of a Decision Diagram that helps in making that decision. Therefore, it seeks to classify these SKU as the ABC
Curve for value (Rs), volume consumed and criticality, the latter being defined with the support of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In addition, it analyzes the demand and lead time distributions of each SKU as parameters to assist in this decision, forming a diagram where the nodes represent these parameters (ABC curve, Demand and Lead Time) and the paths correspond to the internal classifications of each one of these parameters, pointing, at the end of each path, which is the best stock control for the SKU analyzed considering Kanban and MRP as alternatives. Design Science Research (DSR) was applied as a study method. With the application of this method, the proposed Diagram is intended to be an
artifact capable of serving the different business areas of the company, contributing to the dissemination of a standard tool for decision making regarding the inventory control method to be employed for each SKU. Thus, it is expected that the proposed artifact can contribute to all areas of the company, expanding. Finally, the work contributed to the development of a tool capable of meeting the company s needs
regarding the adoption of different inventory control methods, regardless of the business area to which it applies. In addition, in the area defined for the implementation of this study, the application of this diagram obtained the reduction of excess and shortages for the SKUs analyzed, as well as presenting a strong
potential for reducing administrative costs due to the possibility of adopting simpler methods of controlling stock for some items.
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