Dissertation thesis deals with the design of street furniture sitting element (bench) merging two views of related disciplines - industrial design and architecture. Creative output solves the problems of the street furniture in urban space. They were initially targeted as a realizable design with production ambitions. The thesis contains several validation steps to confirm the feasibility of the designed solutions. Design of innovative sitting element based on an unconventional form and integration of a supplemental bicycle stand function is the first result. Designed element solves the problem of unwanted street furniture usage in urban space. The author named as "antiergonomic principles" restrictive set of the principles of unwanted usage, which is a specific problem of street furniture used anonymously in the public space. Universally applicable street furniture anchoring element is the second result. It completes a complex approach to the topic. The designed solution, prefabricated element, eliminates the disadvantages of the commonly used methods of anchoring to the pavement or monolithic concrete bases. Prefabricated element is designed as a part of the gravel placed under the pavement.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / The phenomenon of street children presents a global challenge as it continues to increase and affects almost every nation. Nigeria is no exception, with an ever-increasing population of street children, with many of them as a result of insurgence attacks in various states in Nigeria. The Nigerian government acknowledges that education is a key to development and a great tool in changing the dynamics of street children. It further recognises education as a right and not a privilege, especially with Nigeria’s adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the passage into law of the Child’s Right Act of 2003. The importance of basic education, which serves as the foundation of the education system, cannot be over-emphasised, particularly since the government made free basic education one of the core mandates of the Universal Basic Education Board. However, the continuous loitering of children during school hours has led to questions being asked about the implementation of the free basic education programme. Using Enugu State as a case study, and applying the right-based approach, this study sought to find answers to why street children might not be accessing the free basic education. The phenomenon of street children not accessing this education, is contributing to their ever-growing numbers in the streets of Nigeria. This is a qualitative study that was conducted in Enugu, Nigeria. It used the purposive sampling technique, targeting children living on the streets, as well as policy makers, programme officers of the Universal Basic Education Board, administrative heads of basic education schools, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs), and community-based organisations (CBOs) working in areas relating to street children. The study used qualitative data collection methods comprising of focus group discussion and in-depth interviews. The data collected was analysed using NVIVO Qualitative Research Software. The study sought to identify the challenges and make recommendations to relevant stakeholders, to improve policy implementation, and to present specific recommendations to ensure better access for street children and other vulnerable groups to benefit from policies such as the Universal Basic Education policy. It is discovered that many street children will love to go to school but other factors such as poverty, poor implementation of the free education policy among others have kept these children out of school. These children aspire to be teachers, doctors, accountants, lawyers and business administrators and wish they can be sponsored or given free education.

Staden behöver innehålla offentliga rum där människor kravlöst tillåts att stanna upp.Med människans användning av gaturummet som utgångspunkt arbetar vi i dettakandidatarbete fram mot skapandet av en livable street. En livfull urban miljö därgatans kvaliteter framhävs.Vi tar fasta vid termen livable street och vad som krävs för att uppnå detta. InomMalmö stad är en metod att implementera sommargator för att uppnå en sådan.Genom att studera Kärleksgatan i Malmö, som under vår studie omgestaltadestill en sommargata, gavs vi möjlighet att undersöka gatans förändring och hurdenna påverkade den mänskliga densiteten i gaturummet. Utifrån Actor-networktheory tillåter vi oss att se de kvaliteter, länkar och relationer som gatan besitter.Genom att ta stöd ur teorin finner vi i denna studie hur aktörer styr eller blir styrdaav olika krafter och relationer. Det är genom dessa vi tar fram ett gestaltningsförslagför Kärleksgatan 2021. Vår studie är inte svaret på hur en livable street uppnås, utanett förslag på hur det kan vara möjligt att uppnå en sådan. Hur arkitekter kanskapa en livable street genom god och holistisk design och forskning, därgatans kvaliteter framhävs. / The city needs to contain public spaces where people are allowed to stop free of charge.With human use of the street space as a starting point, we are working on this master’sthesis towards the creation of a livable street. A vibrant urban environment where thestreet’s qualities are emphasized.We stick to the term livable street and what it takes to achieve this. In Malmö city isa method to implement summer streets to achieve such. By studying Kärleksgatanin Malmö, which during our study was transformed into a summer street, we weregiven the opportunity to investigate the change of the street and how this affectedthe density of people in the street space. Based on Actor-network theory, we allowourselves to see the qualities, links and relationships that the street possesses.By taking support from the theory we find in this study how actors control or arecontrolled by different forces and relationships. It is through these that we produce adesign proposal for Kärleksgatan 2021. Our study is not the answer to how a livablestreet is achieved, but a proposal on how it may be possible to achieve such. Howarchitects can create a livable street through good and holistic design and research,where the street’s qualities are emphasized.

“Area restriction” is the umbrella term used for this thesis to consider geography-based, individually- assigned orders issued by criminal justice agents to remove and restrict targets from particular city spaces. This research focuses on 13 Canadian cities that use arrest-and-release area restriction strategies to managing street sex work(ers). Despite heavy criticism for their punitive nature, area restrictions have received little academic attention. This project takes an exploratory and descriptive approach to the issue in order to develop a platform for future research. Using qualitative, non-experimental methods it also critically analyzes the implementation, logic and reported impacts of the strategies while drawing implications for how area restrictions relate to citizenship statuses of sex workers by mapping exclusions onto the city. Multiple data sources were included but the most significant and compelling information comes from interviews with police officers and community agency workers. Findings suggest that area restriction strategies contribute to substantial social divides between sex workers and other community members, but also between sex workers and important services, resources and their community. At the same time, the strategy is reported as a “temporary relief” measure that is ineffective at lessening sex trade activity and often leads to displacement and dispersal of sex work(ers). However, collaborative efforts in some cities show promise for achieving goals of ‘helping sex workers off the street.’ Realistic recommendations for area restriction strategies are made that lead to more inclusive approaches that are considerate of needs and concerns of all interest groups linked to the “prostitution problem.”

Many studies have been carried out throughout the world on how street-connected children relate to the streets, but not enough of these studies are seen through a gender perspective. Hence, the general conception of street-connected children is in some manner still mainstreamed, which casts an image claiming all children in the same category. This demonstrates that there is currently a missing gap of knowledge. This study covers whether the role of gender could affect the lives of the children that live and work on the streets, through a qualitative research in the field with 28 interviewees. These interviews were largely conducted in Brikama, Serekunda, Topkunda, Farafenni, Madina Salaam and Bakau in The Gambia, where the majority of the Gambian NGOs and street-connected children is located. The results from analysing these interviews pointed towards the same pattern: that there were a few similarities in the livelihoods of the street-connected boys and girls. However, the differences concerning their livelihoods on the streets were greater since the findings demonstrated that their challenges and opportunities of achieving the Ten Central Human Capabilities were different. Street-connected boys and street-connected girls were both exposed to child labour. The main difference was, street-connected boys, who lived in groups, worked in car garages, fish industries and for shop owners, while the few girls who permanently lived on the streets, were alone and sexual exploited. This research is thus not merely a contribution to the studies of street-connected children, but how gender is relating to the streets. Furthermore, a contribution to improve these vulnerable children’s livelihoods and also increase the awareness through the perspective of humanities, which might be crucial in future policy recommendations and research.

“Area restriction” is the umbrella term used for this thesis to consider geography-based, individually- assigned orders issued by criminal justice agents to remove and restrict targets from particular city spaces. This research focuses on 13 Canadian cities that use arrest-and-release area restriction strategies to managing street sex work(ers). Despite heavy criticism for their punitive nature, area restrictions have received little academic attention. This project takes an exploratory and descriptive approach to the issue in order to develop a platform for future research. Using qualitative, non-experimental methods it also critically analyzes the implementation, logic and reported impacts of the strategies while drawing implications for how area restrictions relate to citizenship statuses of sex workers by mapping exclusions onto the city. Multiple data sources were included but the most significant and compelling information comes from interviews with police officers and community agency workers. Findings suggest that area restriction strategies contribute to substantial social divides between sex workers and other community members, but also between sex workers and important services, resources and their community. At the same time, the strategy is reported as a “temporary relief” measure that is ineffective at lessening sex trade activity and often leads to displacement and dispersal of sex work(ers). However, collaborative efforts in some cities show promise for achieving goals of ‘helping sex workers off the street.’ Realistic recommendations for area restriction strategies are made that lead to more inclusive approaches that are considerate of needs and concerns of all interest groups linked to the “prostitution problem.”

A SOCIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF STREET CHILDREN IN ANKARA Pehlivanli, Ezgi M.A. Department of Sociology Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Kayhan Mutlu January 2007, 105 pages This thesis draws a profile of children who work/ live on the streets of Ankara relying on children&rsquo / s life histories and social workers&rsquo / opinions about the situation in the context of Social Exclusion. Social is a new concept, was first used in 1960&rsquo / s around Europe in order to define the groups, who are faced to material and socio-cultural deprivation due to the difficulties experienced by the Welfare States. This study assumes that street children can be explained in the context of social exclusion. Employing qualitative methods, this study main aim of this study is to understand the reasons for children to start working on street. After the introductory chapter, Chapter II provides a theoretical framework, in which street children and the concept of social exclusion are examined. Chapter III focuses on the findings from the life histories of children who work/live on streets of Ankara. Chapter IV contains the information about the interviews with social workers and a comparison part, in which two types of information, is analyzed in the context of Social Exclusion.

Thesis--Geneva. / "Propositions complémentaires" inserted. Bibliography: p. 321-334.

Thesis--University of Geneva. / Includes melodies with words. Bibliography: p. 321-334.

Thesis--Geneva. / "Propositions complémentaires" inserted. Bibliography: p. 321-334.