<p> A numerical method was developed to calculate the passing stress of pile-ups in a general internal stress field. This method was used to calculate the passing stress for a pile-up of like edge dislocations for a sinusoidal internal stress field, a simple tilt wall, and a Van der Merwe net of misfit dislocations. The passing stresses for single dislocation for these internal stress fields were also calculated.</p> <p> The Burgers vectors of a common set of misfit dislocations at the interface of Ni3Ge particles in a Ni matrix were determined. The surface slip lines of a directionally solidified sample of Ni-20% Ge alloy tested in compression were examined.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

Examensarbete.

Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Skara : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2006. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Large-scale volcanic deformation recently detected by radar interferometry (InSAR) provides new information and thus new scientific challenges for understanding volcano-tectonic activity and magmatic systems. The destabilization of such a system at depth noticeably affects the surrounding environment through magma injection, ground displacement and volcanic eruptions. To determine the spatiotemporal evolution of the Lazufre volcanic area located in the central Andes, we combined short-term ground displacement acquired by InSAR with long-term geological observations. Ground displacement was first detected using InSAR in 1997. By 2008, this displacement affected 1800 km2 of the surface, an area comparable in size to the deformation observed at caldera systems. The original displacement was followed in 2000 by a second, small-scale, neighbouring deformation located on the Lastarria volcano. We performed a detailed analysis of the volcanic structures at Lazufre and found relationships with the volcano deformations observed with InSAR. We infer that these observations are both likely to be the surface expression of a long-lived magmatic system evolving at depth. It is not yet clear whether Lazufre may trigger larger unrest or volcanic eruptions; however, the second deformation detected at Lastarria and the clear increase of the large-scale deformation rate make this an area of particular interest for closer continuous monitoring. / Vulkanische Deformationen in großem Maßstab, die mittels InSAR gemessen wurden, liefern neue Informationen und dadurch einen neuen Blickwinkel auf vulkan-tektonische Aktivitäten und das Verständnis von langlebigen, magmatischen Systemen. Die Destabilisierung eines solchen Systems in der Tiefe beeinflusst dauerhaft die Oberfläche durch Versatz des Bodens, magmatische Einflüsse und vulkanische Unruhen. Mit der Kombination aus kleinräumigem Bodenversatz gemessen mittels InSAR, numerischer Modellierung und langfristigen geologischen Beobachtungen, analysieren wir die Gegend um den Vulkan Lazufre in den Zentralanden, um die raumzeitliche Entwicklung der Region zu bestimmen. Bodenversatz wurde hierbei im Jahr 1997 mittels Radar-Interferrometrie (InSAR) gemessen, was eine Fläche von 1800 km² ausmacht, vergleichbar mit der Größe der Deformation des Kraters. Im Jahr 2000 wurde zusätzlich eine kleinräumige Deformation am Nachbarvulkan Lastarria entdeckt. Wir sehen räumliche als auch zeitliche Verbindungen zwischen der Deformation des Vulkans und vulkanischen Strukturen innerhalb der betroffenen Gegend. Wir folgern daraus, dass diese Beobachtungen der Ausdruck eines langlebigen, magmatischen Systems in der Tiefe an der Oberfläche sind. Es ist noch nicht klar, ob Lazufre größere vulkanische Unruhen, wie zum Beispiel Eruptionen auslösen könnte, aber die Deformation am Vulkan Lastarria und ein Anstieg der großräumigen Deformationsrate, machen diese Region interessant für eine zukünftige, kontinuierliche Überwachung.

The study aimed at investigation the sources of stress that english instructors who work at the English Preparatory Schools of the Middle East Technical University and Ankara University experience and the strategies that they use to cope with stress related to their professions. Two scales which consist of a demographic inventory, two questionnaires and a semi structured interwiew were developed by the researces the first scale is &quot / stress factors and coping strategies questionnaire for english instructors&quot / the result of which was analyzed by SPSS under five headings. This data gathering instrument was implemented on 174 English Instructors working at four univesities in Ankara. Data gathered from 112 English Instructors in Ankara University and METU English Preparatory Schools represented the result of the main study. In analayzing the data, descriptive statistics as frequency, percent, average and standart deviation, and inferential statistics as ANOVA was used. The second scale of the current study is a semi structured interview. This scale was piloted with 6 instructors to check the reliability. Finally,was conducted with 6 instructors from two represent the participants of the main study. The result of the interviews were analyzed through content analysis. The result of the study revealed an inverse correlation between the stress level of english instructors and their effectivness in coping. The most stress causing factors were &quot / student attitudes&quot / and &quot / working overload&quot / while the most employed coping strategies were &quot / in class coping&quot / , &quot / planfulness&quot / , and &quot / self support&quot

La croissance de la couche d'oxyde en oxydation haute température induit la génération de contraintes dans le système métal/oxyde pouvant être responsable d'un endommagement de ce film d'oxyde lui faisant ainsi perdre son caractère protecteur vis-à-vis du substrat métallique. L'étude se base sur l'essai de déflexion par oxydation monofaciale (DTMO) du système Zr/ZrO2: l'asymétrie de contraintes dans une lame mince créée par la protection d'une de ses faces, génère la courbure de celle-ci du côté de l'oxyde formé, étant sujet à de fortes contraintes de compression internes. Une campagne d'essais servira de référence pour la confrontation avec un modèle semi-analytique de comportement élasto-viscoplastique décrivant l'essai de DTMO en isotherme. Le modèle prend en compte les différentes déformations affectant le système métal/oxyde (notamment le fluage et les déformations chimiques). Les paramètres matériaux identifiés sont ensuite utilisée dans des modèles d'oxydation symétrique qui représentent des cas d'applications réelles pour la détermination des champs de contraintes. Ces prédictions sont confrontées aux observations de la microstructure et à une étude de l'endommagement des couches de zircone. Le phénomène de transition cinétique liée à l'apparition de l'endommagement y est mis en évidence par une analyse expérimentale multi technique. Un suivi par émission acoustique permet d'identifier des classes de signaux liées aux différents régimes de la cinétique d'oxydation du zirconium et deux tendances à la transition cinétique sont observées en thermogravimétrie et sont différenciées par la suite par des comportements différents à l'écaillage. / The oxide scale growth in high temperature oxidation leads to generation of stresses in the oxide/metal system. It could be responsible of the damage of this oxide film causing the loss of its protective character toward the metallic substrate. The study is based on the Deflection Test in Monofacial Oxidation (DTMO) of Zr/ZrO2 system: the protection of one face of a thin foil creates a stress asymmetry. It leads to the sample curvature on the oxide scale side due to internal high compressive stresses on it. A test campaign is held as a reference for a comparison with an elasto-viscoplastic semi-analytical model describing the DTMO in isotherm. This model considers the different deformations affecting the metal/oxide system (notably creep and chemical deformations). The identified material parameters are then used in symmetric oxidation models which represent real application cases for stress field determination. These predictions are confronted to microstructure observations and to an analysis of the damage in zirconia scale. The breakaway phenomenon linked to damage initiation in the oxide scale is highlighted with an experimental multi-technical analysis. With an acoustic emission monitoring, we identify clusters of signals linked to the different oxidation kinetics regimes and with thermogravimertry, two tendencies at breakaway are observed and are differentiated afterward with different behaviours at spalling.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19709号 / 工博第4164号 / 新制||工||1642(附属図書館) / 32745 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 辻 伸泰, 教授 乾 晴行, 教授 安田 秀幸 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

Yes / The current UK rail network is managed by Network Rail, which requires an investment of £5.2bn per year to cover operational costs [1]. These expenses include the maintenance and repairs of the railway rails. This paper aims to create a proof of concept for an autonomous health monitoring system of the rails using an integrated finite element analysis (FEA) and artificial neural network (ANN) approach. The FEA is used to model worn profiles of a standard rail and predict the stress field considering the material of the rail and the loading condition representing a train travelling on a straight line. The generated FEA data is used to train an ANN model which is utilised to predict the stress field of a worn rail using optically scanned data. The results showed that the stress levels in a rail predicted with the ANN model are in an agreement with the FEA predictions for a worn rail profile. These initial results indicate that the ANN can be used for the rapid prediction of stresses in worn rails and the FEA-ANN based approach has the potential to be applied to autonomous health monitoring of rails using fast scanners and validated ANN models. However, further development of this technology would be required before it could be used in the railway industry, including: real time data processing of scanned rails; improved scanning rates to enhance the inspection efficiency; development of fast computational methods for the ANN model; and training the ANN model with a large set of representative data representing application specific scenarios.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23922号 / 工博第5009号 / 新制||工||1782(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科高分子化学専攻 / (主査)教授 竹中 幹人, 教授 古賀 毅, 教授 中村 洋 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

A case study is considered in which data produced by different techniques have been gathered in various locations within a rock mass in which topography effects are most likely significant. Measurements were performed for the design of a re-powering scheme that includes a new hydraulic conduit and an underground cavern that will primarily be excavated in granite. An integrated approach for extrapolating the results from the various in situ tests to the rock mass volume of interest for the hydroelectric power scheme is presented. This approach includes the development of an equivalent continuum mechanics model. The integration of in situ tests and numerical modelling enables to determine the stress spatial variation which helps ascertain the loading mechanism at the origin of the measured stress field as well as the long-term rheological behavior of the equivalent geomaterial under consideration.