Theory and previous research indicate that a person's broader set of life goals may have motivational properties for specific behavior change efforts. The present study examined the types of life goals and ratings of life goal attributes as predictors of marijuana treatment outcomes in a sample of marijuana dependent individuals. Results were generally not consistent with hypotheses. It was expected that ratings of conflict between life goals and marijuana use would be associated with less marijuana use and fewer related problems and dependence symptoms following treatment, but results indicated few associations between life goal ratings and treatment outcome variables. Similarly, types of goals expected to be associated with better treatment outcome were not significantly correlated with reductions in outcome variables at follow-up assessments. Some support was demonstrated for a causal model in which goal conflict with marijuana use influenced posttreatment symptoms of dependence via indirect associations with outcome expectancies and readiness to change. / Master of Science

Although most research on bipolar I disorder has focused on biological models, recent investigation has elucidated the importance of psychosocial predictors of the course of illness. Theories of the Behavioral Activation System?s role in affect have helped unify biological and environmental explanations of the disorder. Along these lines, researchers have proposed that goal striving and attainment predict manic symptoms. In the current study, experience-sampling methodology was used to assess the relationship between fluctuations in goal striving and affect among 12 persons with bipolar I disorder and 12 without a history of mood disorder (control group). Participants completed measures of goal striving and affect three times each day for a period of three weeks. It was hypothesized that moving more quickly than expected toward a given goal would result in decreased subsequent effort toward that goal (coasting) for the control group, and increased subsequent effort (anti-coasting) for those with bipolar I disorder, with positive affect mediating the relationship in both cases. Results indicated that those in the bipolar I disorder group were significantly more likely to anti-coast than those in the control group. This finding, however, was explained primarily by gender, as men in the bipolar I disorder group showed no evidence of anti-coasting. In addition, there was no evidence of the mediating role of positive affect in these phenomena. Implications of the findings, limitations, and future directions are discussed.

While much research has separately considered informational texts and students who struggle with reading, few studies have looked at how these two interact together and what the possible benefits might be. This study provides descriptive information about the perceptions of informational texts from three striving readers. Each student was interviewed and additional data were collected about the students’ literacy environments from their parents, teachers, and classrooms. Results showed that the three students spoke positively about informational texts and that two of the most attractive qualities are interesting material and making meaning from pictures. Within their classrooms, the three students were exposed to a considerable number of informational texts. While the professional literature advocates the use of informational texts for the benefit of boys, it is interesting to note that the two girls in this study chose to read a considerable number of informational texts. It is concluded that informational texts appealed to the three striving reader study participants. Ideas for helping parents and teachers use informational texts with striving readers are presented.

While much research has separately considered informational texts and students who struggle with reading, few studies have looked at how these two interact together and what the possible benefits might be. This study provides descriptive information about the perceptions of informational texts from three striving readers. Each student was interviewed and additional data were collected about the students’ literacy environments from their parents, teachers, and classrooms. Results showed that the three students spoke positively about informational texts and that two of the most attractive qualities are interesting material and making meaning from pictures. Within their classrooms, the three students were exposed to a considerable number of informational texts. While the professional literature advocates the use of informational texts for the benefit of boys, it is interesting to note that the two girls in this study chose to read a considerable number of informational texts. It is concluded that informational texts appealed to the three striving reader study participants. Ideas for helping parents and teachers use informational texts with striving readers are presented.

The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic replication of the experiment of Burnam, Pennebaker, and Glass (1973) using an adult population and the Jenkins Activity Survey. Additionally, this study attempted to address the issue of whether the previous results would be substantiated when a non-college sample was used. The subjects consisted of40 females and 40 males who volunteered to participate in the study. All subjects were given the Jenkins Activity Survey and randomly assigned to Condition I, the No Deadline condition, or Condition II, the Deadline condition. The subjects in the No Deadline condition were given arithmetic problems with no time limit instructions, and subjects in the Deadline condition were given arithmetic problems with instructions which stated a time limit. The results indicated that college students performed differently than the employed adults used in this study. Unlike the original study, this study using adults did not find a significant main effect for the Deadline versus No Deadline condition. Although the interaction effects were statistically significant in both studies, the reported interaction effects were not similar.

No description available.

This study explored how personal strivings constructs of Goal Conflict and Complementarity and primary appraisal dimensions of Motivational Relevance and Congruence (separately and in combination), related across time to immediate and long-term effects of a stressful transaction. The study was located within the transactional model of stress and integrated aspects of motivational theory, focusing on the theoretical position that within the stressful transaction the relationship between motivational factors and the individual response to an event is mediated by cognitive processes, including appraisal. Advances in transactional theory highlight the role of motivational factors (such as personal strivings) as linked to primary appraisal in the form of Motivational Relevance and Congruence. The utility of personal strivings in exploring the role of motivational factors in the stress process were highlighted. Despite an increasing theoretical focus on motivation and appraisal, research in the area is limited. Data was collected for the study through the administration of questionnaires to university students (N=152) prior to (time 1) and into (time 2) an examination period. The questionnaires used a range of self-report measures. Correlations, partial correlations and ANOVAs were used to analyze the data. The findings indicated that Goal Complementarity and Conflict directly influenced primary appraisal processes but not affective and wellbeing outcomes. It was proposed that primary appraisal processes were the conduit through which the impact of Goal Complementarity and Conflict were expressed within the stressful transaction. The results also suggested the impact of anticipatory Motivational Relevance which seemed to imply a highly “loaded” event with negative affective and long-term consequences into the event. Subjects entering the event wit h an “optimistic” demeanour indicated by high anticipatory Congruence and positive affect had increased Congruence into the event with consequent amplified positive emotions and dampened negative effects. Subjects with high anticipatory Relevance and low Congruence across the event had relatively higher scores on negative outcomes. High anticipatory Relevance and Congruence was associated with negative immediate and long-term outcomes into the event. High Relevance Congruence was generally associated with a strong emotional response, which also elicited strong positive emotion as the event unfolded. Subjects with low Relevance did not seem to hold as strong an investment in the event and reported reduced emotions and symptomology. These findings were discussed in relation to the stress, appraisal and motivation literature and their limitations and implications were explored.

Trata-se de compreender como se articula um sistema de filosofia que, emerso da Crítica kantiana, não pode nem fazer apelo aos objetos da metafísica especial, nem pressupor qualquer positividade, como a lógica e a coisa em si, constituindo-se, pois, como uma doutrina-da-ciência. Ao nosso ver, essa articulação tem seu núcleo central em um primado da prática: a Fundação da Ciência do Prático, terceira parte da Fundação de toda a Doutrina-da-Ciência, tem seu lugar no sistema ao solucionar as contradições e limites que o saber teórico deixou e que, como mera teoria, é incapaz de dar conta , mostrando que é apenas a partir do primado da faculdade prática, fundada na exigência do eu absoluto de realizar a infinitude e na lei do eu de refletir sobre si mesmo como realizando tal idéia, que se funda o sistema do saber humano e, portanto, a representação. Parece-nos que este momento da exposição da doutrina-daciência de 1794 permite a descrição do idealismo transcendental de Fichte como um idealismo crítico, herdeiro da filosofia kantiana. / Our aim is to understand how Fichte´s system of philophy is articulated, provided that it, coming from Kant´s Critic, cannot make appeal either to the objects of special metaphysics or pressuposes any positivity like logics or the thing in itself and therefore arrives at a Doctrine of Science (Wissenschaftslehre). In our interpretation, this articulation is centered on the primacy of practice: the \"Foundation of the Science of Practice\", third part of the Foundation of the Entire Doctrine of Science, fits in the system as it solves the contradictions and limits of the theoretical knowledge by showing that only the primacy of the practical faculty, grounded in the necessity of the realization of infinity by the absolute I and in the law of self-reflection as the realization of this idea, can found the system of human knowledge and hence the representation. It seems that this moment of the exposition of 1794´s Doctrine of Science allows the description of Fichte´s transcendental idealism as a critic idealism, heir of kantian philosophy.

Förett företags konkurrenskraft och överlevnad är det idag av stor vikt att ha enfungerande rekrytering och kompetensförsörjning som matchar företagets behovmed individens. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersökaupplevelser av arbetsrelaterad motivation och lojalitet vad det gällerdeltagande i ett Traineeprogram. Två fokusgruppintervjuer med fem deltagarefrån år 2011 och fem deltagare från 2012 ligger till grund för studien. Dataanalyserades med kvalitativ tematisk dataanalys och huvudresultatet visademycket positiva upplevelser av motivation och lojalitet. Resultatet visade attdeltagarna upplevde att de fått en god inblick i hela organisationen och därmedutvecklat bättre förståelse, engagemang och tillit. Det till följd av attföretaget sett till individernas behov, förväntningar och personliga utvecklingvia traineeprogrammet. En slutsats var att organisationen kan stärka individensmotivation och lojalitet genom att arbeta med kommunikation, ledarens roll samtorganisationsklimatet. / It is very important for a company's competitiveness and survival to have an effective recruitment and skills that match business needs with the individual´s. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the experiences of work-related motivation and loyalty in terms of participation in a trainee program. Two focus group interviews with five participants from 2011 and five participants from 2012 formed the basis for the study. Data were analyzed using qualitative thematic data analysis. The main results showed a very positive experience in terms of motivation and loyalty. Participants felt that they had a good insight into the entire organization and thus developed a better understanding, commitment and trust, as a result of that the company had recognized individuals' needs, expectations and personal development via the trainee program. One conclusion was that the business can support the individual's motivation and loyalty by working with communication, leader role and the organizational climate.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka om verksamhetstyp och de anställdas biologiska ålder påverkade den arbetsrelaterade identiteten och strävan. Studien genomfördes som en enkätundersökning på ett servicemanagement företag i en svensk mellanstor stad. Totalt deltog 56 personer, som bestod till 98.2% av kvinnor. Resultaten visade att ålder hade en tendens till signifikant effekt på organisationsidentitet och signifikant effekt med yrkesidentitet samt identifikation med kollegor, där äldre visades ha en starkare identitet än yngre. Verksamhetstyp visades ha en signifikant effekt på identifikation med kollegor och en tendens till signifikant effekt för strävan vad det gäller utvecklingsmöjligheter. / The study aimed to examine if the line of business and the employees' biological age had an impact on work-related identity and striving. It was conducted as a questionnaire survey at a service management company in a Swedish medium-sized town. A total of 56 people participated, consisting of 98.2% of women. According to the results older compared to younger participants were shown to have a stronger organizational identity, professional identity and identification with peers. Line of business was shown to have an on identification with peers and strivings in terms of development opportunities.