The purpose of this study was to better understand the goal-striving process in the context of non-problem gambler’s responsible gambling. More specifically, the primary aim of this study was to elucidate the hierarchical structure of goals, the role of the motivational phase of the goal-striving process, and the influence of cognitive evaluation and affective regulation on the goal-striving process. In the first part of the study, a conceptual model is proposed, in which the intrinsic factors used to predict non-problem gamblers’ intentions to gamble responsibly are delineated and tested according to the extension of the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen, 1985, 1991), the model of action phases (Gollwitzer, 1990, 1993), the model of goal-directed behavior (Perugini & Bagozzi, 2001; Perugini & Conner, 2000), and the model of effortful decision making and enactment (Bagozzi, Dholakia, & Basuroy, 2003; Dholakia, Bagozzi, & Gopinath, 2007). Four cognitive factors explain the motivational phase of the goal-striving process, and were incorporated in the current study. One factor explains the goal-oriented behavior at abstract level (i.e., goal feasibility), and the other three explain implementation of action-oriented behavior at concrete level (i.e., attitude toward implementing the actions necessary to achieve the goal, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control). In addition, two ways of emotional regulation were incorporated to explain the goal-oriented behavior at abstract level. That is, prefactual emotional valence factors related to the success and failure of future goal attainment (anticipated positive and negative emotions) affect goal desire. To sum up, this study anticipated that the proposed antecedent constructs (two anticipated emotions, goal feasibility, attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control) were strong indicators of how non-problem casino patrons would strive to achieve the goal (i.e., maturing or developing responsible gambling behavior) through a goal-striving process, where the motivational phase plays a critical role in explaining intention to gamble responsibly. A secondary goal of the study was to explore how responsible gambling strategies implemented by the gambling industry influence non-problem casino customers’ goal-directed behavior in a responsible gambling setting. Given the ongoing controversy about the effectiveness of responsible gambling strategies, the focus in the second part of the current study was on how situational arousal factors (i.e., psychological reactance) with regard to external interventions (i.e., compulsory and supplementary responsible gambling strategies) would affect implementation intention, based on the psychological reactance theory (J. W. Brehm, 1989; S. S. Brehm & Brehm, 1981). In other words, situational arousal factors were incorporated herein to explain the extrinsic part of the goal-striving process model. This study was designed to facilitate an understanding of how and why external interventions may fail to deliver the intended effect in the responsible gambling context. In order to take into account the varying effectiveness of responsible gambling strategies, an effort was made to discern between the different effects of each responsible gambling strategy type and to understand in greater detail how these effects were moderated by individual disposition, and especially the strength of the individual’s desire for control. A clear understanding of the moderating effect enables a richer understanding of the effectiveness of responsible gambling strategies with regard to responsible gambling behavior by non-problem casino patrons. Insight gained from the study through analysis of the results is discussed, and important theoretical and practical implications and future research agendas presented in the conclusion. / Tourism and Sport

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur transformativt ledarskap påverkar svenska fastighetsmäklares säljprestationer genom dess effekt på attitydsvariablerna psykologiskt bemyndigande, upplevd själveffektivitet och medarbetarkraft samt beteendevariabeln prestationssträvan. Metod: Denna studie är grundad i en kvantitativ forskningsmetod med deduktiv ansats. En enkätundersökning har genomförts där fastighetsmäklare besvarat frågor om sig själva och sina chefer för att möjliggöra en undersökning av hur transformativt ledarskap påverkar deras säljprestationer. Resultat & slutsats: Resultatet av denna studie visar att transformativt ledarskap påverkar svenska fastighetsmäklares säljprestationer positivt genom dess effekt på attitydsvariabler och prestationssträvan. Det transformativa ledarskapets positiva påverkan är dock relativt låg och resultatet indikerade på att attitydsvariablerna hos fastighetsmäklare har större positiv påverkan på varandra än vad transformativt ledarskap har på dessa. Resultatet visade även att attitydsvariablerna, specifikt medarbetarkraft, direkt påverkar säljprestationer hos fastighetsmäklare starkare än den effekt transformativt ledarskap har på säljprestation genom dess indirekta påverkan på fastighetsmäklares attityder och prestationssträvan. Examensarbetets bidrag: Denna studie bidrar med kunskap om hur transformativt ledarskap påverkar svenska fastighetsmäklares säljprestationer. Studien bidrar med resultat som visar att ledarskapet har betydelse och påverkar fastighetsmäklares säljprestationer positivt. Studien visar vidare att attitydsvariablerna själva har större betydelse för fastighetsmäklares säljprestationer, framför allt medarbetarkraft. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vidare forskning kan göras för att utreda om det finns andra variabler än transformativt ledarskap som påverkar fastighetsmäklares säljprestationer positivt. / Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate how transformational leadership affects swedish real estate agents' sales performance through its effects on the attitude variables psychological empowerment, perceived self-efficacy and employee vigor and lastly the behavior variable accomplishment-striving. Method: This study is based on a quantitative research method with a deductive approach. A survey has been carried out where real estate agents responded to questions about themselves and their managers to enable an examination on how transformational leadership affects their sales performance. Result & Conclusions: The results of this study show that transformational leadership has a positive effect on Swedish real estate agents' sales performance through its effect on attitude variables and accomplishment striving. However, the positive impact of transformational leadership is relatively low and the results indicate that the attitude variables of real estate agents have a greater positive impact on each other than transformational leadership has on them. The results also showed that the attitude variables, specifically employee vigor, directly affect sales performance of real estate agents more strongly than the effect transformational leadership has on sales performance through its indirect impact on real estate agents' attitudes and accomplishment striving. Contribution of the thesis: This study contributes knowledge about how transformational leadership affects Swedish real estate agents' sales performance. The study contributes with results that show that leadership is important and has a positive effect on real estate agents' sales performance. The study also shows that the attitude variables themselves are more important for real estate agents' sales performance, especially employee vigor. Suggestions for future research: Further research can be done to see if there are other variables than transformational leadership that affect real estate agents' sales performance positively.

本研究以NIKE體驗活動為研究情境，針對曾參與過NIKE舉辦之體驗活動的消費者做為研究對象，透過質化訪談的方式探討消費者參與品牌體驗活動之動機，以及參與品牌體驗活動後帶來的個人效益，以及品牌所獲得的效益，最後綜合研究結果給予品牌體驗活動設計之建議。 本研究的結果發現，消費者參與NIKE體驗活動的動機，是因為其提供了：可以設定和追求的目標、品牌社交效益和以及彰顯品牌與自我的一致性。當體驗活動結束後，消費者可以感受到與自我相關的效益，包括：自我效能和主觀幸福感的提升，以及與品牌相關的效益，包括：品牌態度和品牌形象正向的改變。而根據訪談結果又可以發現，當品牌體驗活動能滿足消費者的參與動機時，將可以增強參與後與自我及品牌相關的效益。據此研究結果，本研究提出一研究模型供未來相關研究參考。 根據以上研究結果，本研究提出品牌實務操作體驗活動的建議：一、品牌可以提供與品牌印象連結的目標，並適時地給予消費者協助。二、品牌可以透過體驗活動提供消費者社交效益。三、品牌可以透過體驗活動彰顯品牌個性。透過以上的品牌體驗設計，將能提升消費者對於品牌之正向品牌印象及品牌態度。 關鍵字：品牌體驗、目標設定和目標追求、自我效能、品牌態度 / This study use NIKE’s brand experience activities as contextual research topic. The goal of the research is to explore the motivation and benefit gained toward brand experience by using semi-structured interviews with interviewees who have attended NIKE’s brand experience activities. With abundant interview result, this study aims to give suggestion for future design of brand experience activities. The results of this study showed that customer attend brand experience because it not only provides a goal for customer to set and to strive for, but also provide a channel for customer to gain social benefit and to show self-congruity with the brand. The study also showed that customer could gain self-efficacy, sense of subjective wellbeing and have positive influence toward brand attitude and brand image. In conclusion, when brand experience satisfies customers’ motivation; customer will be positively influenced on both self and brand-related concept. On top of this, this study conclude a research model for future studies. Suggestion for future brand experience planning is provides by this study: First, a brand could offer a goal for customer to strive for and give customer sufficient help. Second, a brand could provide social benefit via brand experience. Third, a brand could show its personality through brand experience activities. By utilize these principles on brand experience activities design; customer will have positive influence toward brand image and brand attitude. Key words: Brand Experience, Goal Setting and Goal Striving, Self Efficacy, Brand Attitude

Lines are a fundamental part of visual perception. This work explores how to conceptually work with lines as guildelines when constructing garments. The aim is to investigate the dynamics of straight lines through experimental construction of dress.This dissertation is conducted through experimental artistic research. The main applied method is constructing from striving line compositions to three-dimensional shape. Other line properties, such as angle, width or length became influential variables in creating form and dynamic in combination with the choice of colour and fabric. Line compositions can provide strong dynamics given it’s put in relation to body and movement. / Program: Modedesignutbildningen

No description available.

Fragen: Es gibt nach h.M. der deutschen Strafrechtswissenschaft drei Vorsatzformen: Absicht, sicheres Wissen und dolus eventualis. Soll unterschiedliche Vorsatzform, ceteris paribus, auch bei der Strafzumessung unterschiedlich bewertet werden? Warum? Methode: Diese Fragen werden in einem interdisziplinären Dialog zwischen Norm und Empirie untersucht. Neben der strafrechtlichen und verfassungsrechtlichen Ausführung bezieht sich diese Arbeit großenteils auf die Erkenntnisse aus den Bereichen Kriminalpolitik, Kriminologie, Psychologie, Verhaltensökonomie und Neurowissenschaft. Zur Auswertung der Erkenntnisse wird großer Wert auch auf Forschungsmethode gelegt. Ergebnisse: Zur ersten Frage: Die Schuldangemessenheit gebietet, unterschiedliche Vorsatzformen bei der Strafzumessung unterschiedlich zu bewerten, wenn sie quantitative oder qualitative beachtliche Unterschiede aufweisen. Zur zweiten Frage: Der in Kapitel 6 erarbeitete Maßstab, Vorsatzformen nach dem Risiko für die Tatbestandsverwirklichung abzustufen, erweist sich als am aussichtsvollsten, sich auf solide Grundlagen der Norm und Empirie zu stützen. Möglichkeiten für Vorsatzabstufung nach diesem Maßstab werden erörtert. Eine klare Antwort bedarf aber einer Anpassung der Vorsatzformen an empirisches Wissen, weil die Studien aus anderen Bereichen den Nuancen von rechtlichen Begriffen nicht genug Rechnung tragen. Ferner wäre eine Vorsatzabstufung nach dem Bedarf einer Straftäterbehandlung, wie in Kapitel 4 gezeigt, erfolgversprechend, sollte die Beziehung zwischen den Vorsatzformen und dem Rückfallrisiko festgestellt werden. Ausblick: Der Verfasser plädiert für eine normativ sowie empirisch fundierte Strafrechtsdogmatik. Das heißt, Strafrechtler sollen empirische Beweise vorbringen, nötigenfalls durch eigene Studien, soweit ihre Argumente empirische Thesen enthalten. Zum Schluss verweist der Verfasser auf die Erforderlichkeit, das Potenzial und die Grenzen dieses Ansatzes und die Herausforderungen auf diesem Weg. / Question: According to the prevailing view of German legal doctrines, there are three severe types of mens rea, collectively referred to as "Vorsatz," i.e., intent, knowledge, and dolus eventualis. This work examined two questions: Should criminal acts committed with different "Vorsatz" types, all other things being equal, be punished differently? Why? Method: This work answered these questions in an interdisciplinary discourse between jurisprudence and empirical research, based chiefly on knowledge from criminal and constitutional law jurisprudence, penal policy, criminology, psychology, behavioral economics, and empirical research methods. Conclusion: To the first question: The proportionality between the penalty and criminal act demands that criminal acts committed with different "Vorsatz" types shall be differently punished if they exhibit considerable qualitative or quantitative differences. To the second question: The state of research, as discussed in Chapter 6, indicated that a gradation of "Vorsatz" types according to the risk they pose for crime completion is the most promising guideline that could enjoy both normative and empirical justifications. Possibilities of "Vorsatz" gradation are suggested. However, revisions of the definition of "Vorsatz" types are prerequisite for all these possibilities, because the studies in other disciplines did not take sufficiently into consideration the nuances of legal notions. On the other hand, a gradation of "Vorsatz" types according to the requirements for successful offender rehabilitation, as shown in Chapter 4, would also be promising if the relation between "Vorsatz" types and recidivism risk could be proven. Prospects: The author called for a criminal legal dogmatics on both normative and empirical bases. It means that criminal law scholars should provide evidence for arguments comprising empirical hypotheses. The necessity, potential, and limitations of this approach and challenge toward it are discussed. / 問題：按照德國刑法學通說，故意有三種類型：意圖、明知、間接故意。假設其他條件相同，不同的故意類型在量刑時是否應做不同評價？ 方法：本文以規範與實證之間的對話來回答上述問題。除了刑法學和憲法學的辯證之外，本文大量援引數個領域的知識，例如刑事政策、犯罪學、心理學、行為經濟學及神經科學。為了適切評析實證知識，也注重實證研究方法的理解。 結果：回答第一個問題：罪刑相當原則要求，若故意類型之間具有量或質的重要差異，便應於量刑時做相應不同的評價。回答第二個問題：第6章提出的標準，亦即按照故意類型所代表的構成要件實現風險來做故意分級，是最有潛力同時具備堅實的規範基礎及實證基礎之標準。本章提出按照此標準來做故意分級的數種可能性。然而，必須先對故意類型的定義略做修改，才能得出明確的答案，這是因為其他領域做的研究不能充分顧及法律概念的細微變化。此外，若有朝一日能釐清故意類型與再犯風險之間的關係，則按照犯罪人矯治的需求來做故意分級，如同第4章所分析，也是很可能成功的。 展望：作者提倡「兼具規範與實證基礎的刑法釋義學」，此意味著，刑法學者應該提出經驗證據來支持自己論述當中的經驗命題，若有需要時，也應自己從事實證研究來達成此事。於論文結尾，作者提示這種研究取徑的必要性、潛力和界線，也指出追求此路徑之際可能面臨的挑戰。